Title page
Contents
Acknowledgements 4
Preface 5
Special points of interest 6
Introduction - Trafficking in Persons in a changing world 24
Chapter I. Global Overview 29
Dramatic shifts and accelerated trends 30
Global trends emerging during the COVID-19 pandemic 32
Victims 38
Forms of exploitation 46
Trafficking flows 55
Trafficking organizations 62
Traffickers 71
Criminal Justice Response 76
Chapter II. Regional Overviews 86
Africa and the Middle East 87
North Africa and the Middle East 87
Sub-Saharan Africa 97
The Americas 105
North America, Central America and the Caribbean 105
South America 119
South, East Asia and the Pacific 129
East Asia and the Pacific 129
South Asia 139
Europe and Central Asia 145
Eastern Europe and Central Asia 145
Central and South-Eastern Europe 155
Western and Southern Europe 165
Fig. 1. Total victims detected per 100,000 population, 2003-2020 30
Fig. 2. Change in the number of detected victims, by sex, per 100,000 population, comparison from 2019 to 2020 33
Fig. 3. Percentage change in the number of detected foreign victims of trafficking in persons from 2019 to 2020, by region 34
Fig. 4. Percentage change in the number of detected victims of sexual exploitation from 2019 to 2020, by region 34
Fig. 5. Trend: Detected victims trafficked for forced labour vs. sexual exploitation, per 100,000 population, 2003-2020 35
Fig. 6. Change in the number of detected victims, per 100,000 population, comparison from 2019 to 2020, from 2020 to 2021 and from 2019 to 2021 in selected countries 37
Fig. 7. Trend: Detected victims of trafficking, by age group and sex 2004-2020 38
Fig. 8. Level of violence suffered by trafficking victims, by sex, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 39
Fig. 9. Detected victims of trafficking, by age group and form of exploitation, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 40
Fig. 10. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported in case narratives, by region 48
Fig. 11. Trend: Detected victims of trafficking, by form of exploitation, 2004-2020 49
Fig. 12. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of forced labour, by industry of exploitation, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 50
Fig. 13. Detected victims of trafficking for forced labour, by age group, sex and region, 2020 (or most recent) 50
Fig. 14. Detected victims trafficked for the purpose of mixed forced labour and sexual exploitation in the United States of America, by age group and gender, 2020 51
Fig. 15. Figure 14. Detected victims trafficked for the purpose of mixed forced labour and sexual exploitation in the United Kingdom, by age group and sex, 2020 51
Fig. 16. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of mixed forced labour and forced criminality in the United Kingdom, by age group and sex, 2020 51
Fig. 17. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of mixed sexual exploitation and forced criminality in the United Kingdom, by age group and sex, 2020 51
Fig. 18. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of forced criminality, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 52
Fig. 19. Detected victims, by region of detection, 2017-2020 55
Fig. 20. Number of destination countries where victims originating within and outside of the region were detected, 2017-2020 56
Fig. 21. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the United States and in the main countries of origin of detected foreign victims, 2020 58
Fig. 22. GDP per capita in Germany and in the main countries of origin of detected foreign victims, 2020 58
Fig. 23. GDP per capita in Argentina and in the main countries of origin of detected foreign victims, 2020 58
Fig. 24. GDP per capita in Thailand and in the main countries of origin of detected foreign victims, 2020 59
Fig. 25. GDP per capita in Nigeria and in the main countries of origin of detected foreign victims, 2020 59
Fig. 26. Share of victims of domestic trafficking, by geographical reach, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 59
Fig. 27. Share of victims of trafficking, by geographical reach and traffickers structure, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 60
Fig. 28. Shares of victims and traffickers, by type of trafficking structure, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 62
Fig. 29. Average number of victims and average number of traffickers, by type of trafficking structure, as reported in UNODC court case summaries, 2012-2020 62
Fig. 30. Average duration of traffickers activity, by type of trafficking structure, as reported in case narratives, 2012- 2020 63
Fig. 31. Type of trafficking structure in cases of trafficking for the purpose of forced criminality, by number of traffickers involved and victims detected,... 63
Fig. 32. Type of trafficking structure, by form of exploitation, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 64
Fig. 33. Type of violence and level of sophistication of the criminal organization, by type of trafficking structure, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 64
Fig. 34. Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 71
Fig. 35. Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by sex and country of origin or destination, 2020 (or most recent) 72
Fig. 36. Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by sex and type of trafficking structure, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 72
Fig. 37. Persons convicted, by age group, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 72
Fig. 38. Persons convicted, by age group and form of exploitation, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 73
Fig. 39. Global trend in convictions for trafficking in persons, 2017-2020 (2017 base year) 76
Fig. 40. Conviction trends, by region, comparison from 2019 to 2020 76
Fig. 41. Prosecution trends, by region, comparison from 2019 to 2020 77
Fig. 42. Global trends in convictions for different crimes, 2017-2020 (2017 base year) 77
Fig. 43. Conviction rates per 100,000 population, by region, 2020 (or most recent) 78
Fig. 44. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated, by region, average from 2017 to 2020 78
Fig. 45. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 (or most recent) 79
Fig. 46. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated, by sex, between 2017 and 2020 (or most recent) 80
Fig. 47. Persons investigated, prosecuted and convicted (1st instance), by criminal justice stage and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 80
Fig. 48. Discovery patterns, as reported in case narratives, 2012-2020 81
Fig. 49. Emerging trends in North Africa and the Middle East in 2020 88
Fig. 50. Emerging trends in North Africa and the Middle East 89
Fig. 51. Detected victims of trafficking in North Africa and the Middle East, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 90
Fig. 52. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in North Africa and the Middle East, 2020 (or most recent) 90
Fig. 53. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in North Africa and the Middle East by subregion, 2020 (or most recent) 91
Fig. 54. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported in case narratives, North Africa and the Middle East 91
Fig. 55/Fig. 9.1. Foreign victims detected in North Africa, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 92
Fig. 56/Fig. 9.2. Foreign victims detected in Middle East, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 92
Fig. 57/Fig. 9.3. Foreign victims detected in the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 92
Fig. 58/Fig. 55. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in the Middle East and North Africa, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 93
Fig. 59/Fig. 55.1. Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by age and sex, 2020 93
Fig. 60/Fig. 55.2. Persons convicted of trafficking in the Middle East and North Africa, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 93
Fig. 61/Fig. 56. Type of criminal organization reported in North Africa and the Middle East, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 93
Fig. 62/Fig. 57. Level of sophistication of the trafficking organization in the Middle East and North Africa, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 94
Fig. 63/Fig. 58. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 94
Fig. 64/Fig. 59. Change in the number of persons prosecuted in North Africa and the Middle East, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 95
Fig. 65/Fig. 60. Change in the number of persons convicted in North Africa and the Middle East, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 95
Fig. 66/Fig. 61. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated in North Africa and the Middle East, 2017-2020 95
Fig. 67/Fig. 62. Emerging trends in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2020 98
Fig. 68/Fig. 63. Emerging trends in Sub-Saharan Africa 99
Fig. 69/Fig. 64. Detected victims of trafficking in persons in Sub-Saharan Africa, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 100
Fig. 70/Fig. 65. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020 (or most recent) 100
Fig. 71/Fig. 66. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in Sub-Saharan Africa by subregion, 2020 (or most recent) 100
Fig. 72/Fig. 67. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported by case narratives, Sub-Saharan Africa (2012-2020) 101
Fig. 73/Fig. 11.1. Detected victims in Sub-Saharan Africa, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 101
Fig. 74/Fig. 68. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in Sub-Saharan Africa, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 102
Fig. 75/Fig. 69. Persons convicted of trafficking, in Sub-Saharan Africa, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 102
Fig. 76/Fig. 70. Persons convicted of trafficking in Sub-Saharan Africa, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 102
Fig. 77/Fig. 71. Type of criminal organization reported in Sub-Saharan Africa, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 102
Fig. 78/Fig. 72. Level of sophistication of the trafficking organization in Sub-Saharan Africa, as reported in the case narratives (2013-2019) 103
Fig. 79/Fig. 73. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 103
Fig. 80/Fig. 74. Change in the number of persons investigated in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 104
Fig. 81/Fig. 75. Change in the number of persons prosecuted in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 104
Fig. 82/Fig. 76. Change in the number of persons convicted in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 104
Fig. 83/Fig. 77. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2017-2020 104
Fig. 84/Fig. 78. Emerging trends in North and Central America and the Caribbean in 2020 106
Fig. 85/Fig. 79. Emerging trends in North and Central America and the Caribbean 107
Fig. 86/Fig. 80. Detected victims of trafficking in North America, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 108
Fig. 87/Fig. 81. Detected victims of trafficking in Central America and the Caribbean, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 109
Fig. 88/Fig. 82. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in North America, 2020 (or most recent) 109
Fig. 89/Fig. 83. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in Central America and the Caribbean, 2020 (or most recent) 109
Fig. 90/Fig. 84. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation in North America, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 109
Fig. 91/Fig. 85. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of forced labour in North America, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 110
Fig. 92/Fig. 86. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation in Central America and the Caribbean, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 110
Fig. 93/Fig. 87. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported in case narratives, Central America and the Caribbean, 2020 (or most recent) 110
Fig. 94/Fig. 88. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported in case narratives, North America 110
Fig. 95/Fig. 89. Detected victims in North America, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 111
Fig. 96/Fig. 90. Trend: Detected victims in North America, by region of citizenship, 2014-2020 111
Fig. 97/Fig. 91. Detected victims in Central America and the Caribbean, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 112
Fig. 98/Fig. 92. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in North America, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 112
Fig. 99/Fig. 93. Persons convicted of trafficking in North America, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 112
Fig. 100/Fig. 94. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in Central America and the Caribbean, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 113
Fig. 101/Fig. 95. Persons convicted of trafficking in Central America and the Caribbean, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 113
Fig. 102/Fig. 96. Persons convicted of trafficking in Central America and the Caribbean, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 113
Fig. 103/Fig. 97. Type of criminal organization reported in North America, as reported in case narratives (2012-2021) 114
Fig. 104/Fig. 98. Level of sophistication of the trafficking organization in North America, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 114
Fig. 105/Fig. 99. Type of criminal organization reported in Central America and the Caribbean, as reported in the case narrative (2012-2021) 114
Fig. 106/Fig. 100. Level of sophistication of the trafficking organization in Central America and the Caribbean, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 114
Fig. 107/Fig. 101. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 115
Fig. 108/Fig. 102. Change in the number of persons investigated in North America, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 115
Fig. 109/Fig. 103. Change in the number of persons prosecuted in North America, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 115
Fig. 110/Fig. 104. Change in the number of persons convicted in North America, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 116
Fig. 111/Fig. 105. Change in the number of persons investigated in Central America and the Caribbean, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 116
Fig. 112/Fig. 106. Change in the number of persons prosecuted in Central America and the Caribbean, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 116
Fig. 113/Fig. 107. Change in the number of persons convicted in Central America and the Caribbean, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 116
Fig. 114/Fig. 108. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated in North America, Central America and the Caribbean, 2017-2020) 117
Fig. 115/Fig. 109. Emerging trends in South America in 2020 120
Fig. 116/Fig. 110. Emerging trends in South America 121
Fig. 117/Fig. 111. Detected victims of trafficking in South America, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 122
Fig. 118/Fig. 112. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in South America, 2020 (or most recent) 122
Fig. 119/Fig. 113. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation in South America, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 122
Fig. 120/Fig. 114. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of forced labour in South America, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 122
Fig. 121/Fig. 115. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported in case narratives, South America, (2012-2021) 123
Fig. 122/Fig. 16.1. Detected victims in South America, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 124
Fig. 123/Fig. 116. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in South America, by sex, 2020 (or most recent) 125
Fig. 124/Fig. 117. Persons convicted of trafficking in South America, by sex, 2020 (or most recent) 125
Fig. 125/Fig. 118. Persons convicted of trafficking in South America, by sex, 2020 (or most recent) 125
Fig. 126/Fig. 119. Type of criminal organization reported in South America, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 126
Fig. 127/Fig. 120. Level of sophistication of the trafficking organization in South America, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 126
Fig. 128/Fig. 121. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 126
Fig. 129/Fig. 122. Change in the number of persons investigated in South America, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 127
Fig. 130/Fig. 123. Change in the number of persons convicted in South America, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 127
Fig. 131/Fig. 124. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated in South America, 2017-2020 127
Fig. 132/Fig. 125. Emerging trends in East Asia and the Pacific in 2020 130
Fig. 133/Fig. 126. Emerging trends in East Asia and the Pacific 131
Fig. 134/Fig. 127. Detected victims of trafficking in East Asia and the Pacific, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 132
Fig. 135/Fig. 128. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in East Asia and the Pacific, 2020 (or most recent) 132
Fig. 136/Fig. 129. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported in case narratives, East Asia and the Pacific, 2012-2020 133
Fig. 137/Fig. 130. Detected victims in East Asia and the Pacific, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 133
Fig. 138/Fig. 131. Persons investigated for trafficking in East Asia and the Pacific, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 134
Fig. 139/Fig. 132. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in East Asia and the Pacific, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 134
Fig. 140/Fig. 133. Persons convicted of trafficking in East Asia and the Pacific, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 135
Fig. 141/Fig. 134. Persons convicted of trafficking in East Asia and the Pacific, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 135
Fig. 142/Fig. 135. Type of criminal organization reported in East Asia and the Pacific, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 135
Fig. 143/Fig. 136. Level of sophistication of the trafficking organization in East Asia and the Pacific, as reported in case narratives (2007-2021) 135
Fig. 144/Fig. 137. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 136
Fig. 145/Fig. 138. Change in the number of persons investigated in East Asia and the Pacific, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 136
Fig. 146/Fig. 139. Change in the number of persons prosecuted in East Asia and the Pacific, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 136
Fig. 147/Fig. 140. Change in the number of persons convicted in East Asia and the Pacific, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 137
Fig. 148/Fig. 141. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated in East Asia and the Pacific, 2017-2020 137
Fig. 149/Fig. 142. Emerging trends in South Asia in 2020 compared to 2019 140
Fig. 150/Fig. 143. Emerging trends in South Asia 141
Fig. 151/Fig. 144. Detected victims of trafficking in South Asia, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 142
Fig. 152/Fig. 145. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in South Asia, 2020 (or most recent) 142
Fig. 153/Fig. 146. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 143
Fig. 154/Fig. 147. Emerging trends in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 146
Fig. 155/Fig. 148. Emerging trends in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 147
Fig. 156/Fig. 149. Detected victims of trafficking in Eastern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 148
Fig. 157/Fig. 150. Detected victims of trafficking in Central Asia, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 148
Fig. 158/Fig. 151. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in Eastern Europe, 2020 (or most recent) 149
Fig. 159/Fig. 152. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in Central Asia, 2020 (or most recent) 149
Fig. 160/Fig. 153. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation in Central Asia, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 149
Fig. 161/Fig. 154. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of forced labour in Eastern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 149
Fig. 162/Fig. 155. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported in case narratives, Eastern Europe and Central Asia (2012-2020) 149
Fig. 163/Fig. 156. Persons convicted of trafficking in Central Asia, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 151
Fig. 164/Fig. 157. Persons convicted of trafficking in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 151
Fig. 165/Fig. 158. Type of criminal organization reported in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 151
Fig. 166/Fig. 159. Level of sophistication of the trafficking organization in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 151
Fig. 167/Fig. 160. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 152
Fig. 168/Fig. 161. Change in the number of persons investigated in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 152
Fig. 169/Fig. 162. Change in the number of persons prosecuted in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 153
Fig. 170/Fig. 163. Change in the number of persons convicted in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 153
Fig. 171/Fig. 164. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2017-2020 153
Fig. 172/Fig. 165. Emerging trends in Central and South-Eastern Europe in 2020 156
Fig. 173/Fig. 166. Emerging trends in Central and South-Eastern Europe 157
Fig. 174/Fig. 167. Detected victims of trafficking in Central and South-Eastern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 158
Fig. 175/Fig. 168. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in Central and South-Eastern Europe, 2020 (or most recent) 158
Fig. 176/Fig. 169. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation in Central and South-Eastern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 159
Fig. 177/Fig. 170. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported in case narratives, Central and South-Eastern Europe, (2012-2020) 159
Fig. 178/Fig. 171. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of forced labour in Central and South-Eastern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 159
Fig. 179/Fig. 24.1. Detected victims in Central and South-Eastern Europe, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 160
Fig. 180/Fig. 172. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in Central and South-Eastern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 161
Fig. 181/Fig. 173. Persons convicted of trafficking in Central and South-Eastern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 161
Fig. 182/Fig. 174. Persons convicted of trafficking in Central and South-Eastern Europe, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 161
Fig. 183/Fig. 175. Type of criminal organization reported in Central and South-Eastern Europe, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 162
Fig. 184/Fig. 176. Level of "sophistication" of the trafficking organization in Central and South-Eastern Europe, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 162
Fig. 185/Fig. 177. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 163
Fig. 186/Fig. 178. Change in the number of persons prosecuted in Central and South-Eastern Europe, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 163
Fig. 187/Fig. 179. Change in the number of persons convicted in Central and South-Eastern Europe, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 163
Fig. 188/Fig. 180. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated in Central and South-Eastern Europe, 2017-2020 163
Fig. 189/Fig. 181. Emerging trends in Western and Southern Europe in 2020 166
Fig. 190/Fig. 182. Emerging trends in Western and Southern Europe 167
Fig. 191/Fig. 183. Detected victims of trafficking in Western and Southern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 168
Fig. 192/Fig. 184. Forms of exploitation of detected victims of trafficking in Western and Southern Europe, 2020 (or most recent) 169
Fig. 193/Fig. 185. Locations where sexual exploitation took place, as reported in case narratives, Western and Southern Europe, (2012-2020) 169
Fig. 194/Fig. 186. Detected victims in Western and Southern Europe, by region of citizenship, 2020 (or most recent) 171
Fig. 195/Fig. 187. Trend: Detected victims in Western and Southern Europe, by region of citizenship, 2018-2020 171
Fig. 196/Fig. 188. Persons prosecuted for trafficking in Western and Southern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 171
Fig. 197/Fig. 189. Persons convicted of trafficking in Western and Southern Europe, by age group and sex, 2020 (or most recent) 172
Fig. 198/Fig. 190. Region of citizenship of traffickers convicted in Western and Southern Europe, 2020 (or most recent) 172
Fig. 199/Fig. 191. Type of criminal organization reported in case narratives 172
Fig. 200/Fig. 192. Level of sophistication of the trafficking organization in Western and Southern Europe, as reported in case narratives (2009-2021) 173
Fig. 201/Fig. 193. Subregions by average number of trafficking convictions and number of victims detected per 100,000 population, 2020 174
Fig. 202/Fig. 194. Change in the number of persons investigated in Western and Southern Europe, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 174
Fig. 203/Fig. 195. Change in the number of persons prosecuted in Western and Southern Europe, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 174
Fig. 204/Fig. 196. Change in the number of persons convicted in Western and Southern Europe, 2017-2020 (base year 2017) 174
Fig. 205/Fig. 197. Persons prosecuted and persons convicted of total persons investigated in Western and Southern Europe, 2017-2020 175
Maps
Map 1. Mam detected profiles and forms of exploitation, by region, 2020 (or most recent) 39
Map 2. Detected victims of trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation, by region, 2020 (or most recent) 46
Map 3. Share of Sub-Saharan African victims among total victims detected in destination regions, 2008-2020 56
Map 4. Share of East Asian victims among total victims detected in destination regions, 2008-2020 57
Map 5. Share of South Asian victims among total victims detected in destination regions, 2008-2020 57
Map 6. Persons convicted of trafficking in persons, by age group, sex and region, 2020 (or most recent) 71
Map 7. Countries and territories covered in North Africa and the Middle East 87
Map 8. Main trafficking flows detected for North Africa and the Middle East, 2020 (or most recent) 91
Map 9. Countries and territories covered in Sub-Saharan Africa 97
Map 10. Main trafficking flows detected for Sub-Saharan Africa, 2020 (or most recent) 101
Map 11. Countries and territories covered in North and Central America and the Caribbean 105
Map 12. Main trafficking flows detected for North America, 2020 (or most recent) 111
Map 13. Main trafficking flows detected for Central America and the Caribbean, 2020 (or most recent) 112
Map 14. Countries and territories covered in South America 119
Map 15. Region of origin of detected victims of trafficking in persons in South America, 2020 (or most recent) 124
Map 16. Countries and territories covered in East Asia and the Pacific 129
Map 17. Main trafficking flows detected for East Asia and the Pacific, 2020 (or most recent) 133
Map 18. Countries and territories covered in South Asia 139
Map 19. Main trafficking flows detected for South Asia, 2020 142
Map 20. Countries and territories covered in Eastern Europe and Central Asia 145
Map 21. Main trafficking flows detected for Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2020 (or most recent) 150
Map 22. Countries and territories covered in Central and South-Eastern Europe 155
Map 23. Main trafficking flows detected for Central and South-Eastern Europe, 2020 (or most recent) 160
Map 24. Countries and territories covered in Western and Southern Europe 165
Map 25. Main trafficking flows for Western and Southern Europe, 2020 (or most recent) 170