Title page
Contents
Abstract 3
About the authors 3
Introduction 5
1. Definitions 7
Responsible stewardship of the environment 7
Sustainable enterprises 7
2. Context and issues 9
Economic activity and the environment 9
Environmental overview 10
Threats to environmental integrity: Climate change 11
Threats to environmental integrity: Land use changes and economic activity 12
Mining 14
Agriculture and forestry 16
Tourism 17
Manufacturing 17
Energy 17
Transport 18
Construction 18
3. Legislation for environmental protection in Zimbabwe 20
4. Methodology 22
5. Results and discussion 25
Characteristics of respondents 25
In Zimbabwe, does adequate legislation to protect the environment exist and is it implemented? 27
Are environmental issues of concern and being addressed by the business community in Zimbabwe? 31
Which actions can the private sector undertake to fill identified gaps? 35
Conclusion 37
References 38
Acknowledgements 43
Table 1. Contribution to GDP (% of total) of agriculture, industry and services in selected countries - 2018 10
Table 2. Contribution to GDP and employment share of industry (including construction, electricity, gas, mining, and water), 2010-2018 13
Table 3. Type of occupation by sex and formalization status 25
Table 4. Perception of environmental law enforcement by job category 29
Table 5. Respondents who think legislation to protect the environment is poorly implemented by economic sector 29
Table 6. Respondents who think legislation to protect the environment is poorly implemented by city/area 30
Figure 1. Contribution to GDP (% of total GDP) and share of employment (% of total employment) of agriculture, forestry and fishing 13
Figure 2. Contribution to GDP (% of total GDP) and share of employment (% of total employment) of manufacturing 14
Figure 3. Contribution to GDP (% of total GDP) and share of employment (% of total employment) of tourism 14
Figure 4. Distribution of respondents by economic sector 26
Figure 5. Distribution of respondents by area/city 27
Figure 6. Does adequate legislation to protect the environment exist and is it implemented? - By type of answer 28
Figure 7. Are environmental issues of concern and being adequately addressed by the business community? - By type of answer 32
Figure 8. Environmental issues are of concern but are not adequately addressed by the business community - By job category 33
Figure 9. Environmental issues are of concern but are not adequately addressed by the business community - shares within economic sectors 33
Figure 10. Environmental issues are of concern but are not adequately addressed by the business community - shares within areas/cities 34
Boxes
Box 1. The negative environmental impacts of extraction activities on women 15