Title page
Contents
INTRODUCTION 6
KEY FINDINGS 10
SCOPE OF ANALYSIS 12
DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENSES AND THE SENTENCING PROCESS 15
DRUG TRAFFICKING OFFENDERS AND ALL OTHER OFFENDERS 20
PRIMARY DRUG TYPES 43
COMPARISON WITH THE 2005 RELEASE COHORT 55
CONCLUSION 59
APPENDIX A: Methodology 63
APPENDIX B: Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders 69
APPENDIX C: Marijuana Trafficking Offenders 82
APPENDIX D: Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders 95
APPENDIX E: Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders 108
APPENDIX F: Heroin Trafficking Offenders 121
ENDNOTES 134
Table 1. Demographic Characteristics for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 21
Table 2. Comparison of Overall Rearrest Findings for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 28
Table 3. Time to Rearrest by Age Group for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 34
Table 4. Rearrest Rates by Age at Release and Criminal History Category for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 37
Table 5. Rearrest Rates by Selected Demographic Characteristics for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 38
Table 6. Demographic Characteristics for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 (Combined and by Primary Drug Type) 45
Table 7. Criminal History Category for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 (Combined and by Primary Drug Type) 46
Table 8. Original Sentence Imposed for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 (Combined and by Primary Drug Type) 47
Table 9. Comparison of Rearrest Findings for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 (Combined and by Primary Drug Type) 48
Table 10. Most Serious Offense at Rearrest for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 (Combined and by Primary Drug Type) 50
Table 11. Rearrest Rates by Age at Release and Primary Drug Type for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 51
Table 12. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Category and Primary Drug Type for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 52
Table 13. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 (Combined and by Primary Drug Type) 53
Table 14. Comparison of Overall Rearrest Findings for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 and 2005 56
Table 15. Comparison of Overall Rearrest Findings for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 and 2005 (Combined and by Primary Drug Type) 57
Figure 1. Percentage of Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 8
Figure 2. Calendar Year of Original Sentencing for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 9
Figure 3. Criminal History Points for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 22
Figure 4. Criminal History Category for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 23
Figure 5. Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties at Original Sentencing for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 24
Figure 6. Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 25
Figure 7. Type of Original Sentence Imposed for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 26
Figure 8. Length of Imprisonment Imposed for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 27
Figure 9. Time to First Rearrest for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 29
Figure 10. Rearrest Rates for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 Sentenced to Any Type of Supervision 30
Figure 11. Most Serious Offense at Rearrest for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 32
Figure 12. Age at Release and Rearrest Rates for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 33
Figure 13. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Points for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders And All Other Offenders Released in 2010 35
Figure 14. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Category for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 36
Figure 15. Rearrest Rates by Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 39
Figure 16. Rearrest Rates by Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 40
Figure 17. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders and All Other Offenders Released in 2010 41
Figure 18. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment and Criminal History Category for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 42
Figure 19. Primary Drug Type for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 44
Figure 20. Time to First Rearrest for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 (Combined and by Primary Drug Type) 49
Figure 21. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment and Criminal History Category for Federal Drug Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010... 54
Table A. Rearrest Offense Categories and Charges 66
Table B-1. Demographic Characteristics for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 69
Table B-2. Comparison of Overall Rearrest Findings for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 and 2005 74
Table B-3. Time to Rearrest by Age Group for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 76
Table B-4. Rearrest Rates by Selected Demographic Characteristics for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 78
Table C-1. Demographic Characteristics for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 82
Table C-2. Comparison of Overall Rearrest Findings for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 and 2005 87
Table C-3. Time to Rearrest by Age Group for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 89
Table C-4. Rearrest Rates by Selected Demographic Characteristics for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 91
Table D-1. Demographic Characteristics for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 95
Table D-2. Comparison of Overall Rearrest Findings for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 and 2005 100
Table D-3. Time to Rearrest by Age Group for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 102
Table D-4. Rearrest Rates by Selected Demographic Characteristics for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 104
Table E-1. Demographic Characteristics for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 108
Table E-2. Comparison of Overall Rearrest Findings for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 and 2005 113
Table E-3. Time to Rearrest by Age Group for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 115
Table E-4. Rearrest Rates by Selected Demographic Characteristics for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 117
Table F-1. Demographic Characteristics for Federal Heroin Trafficking OffendersReleased in 2010 121
Table F-2. Comparison of Overall Rearrest Findings for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 and 2005 126
Table F-3. Time to Rearrest by Age Group for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 128
Table F-4. Rearrest Rates by Selected Demographic Characteristics for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 130
Figure B-1. Age at Release for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 70
Figure B-2. Calendar Year of Original Sentencing for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 70
Figure B-3. Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties at Original Sentencing for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released... 71
Figure B-4. Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 71
Figure B-5. Criminal History Category and Underlying Criminal History Points for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 72
Figure B-6. Type of Original Sentence Imposed for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 72
Figure B-7. Length of Imprisonment and Length of Probation for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 73
Figure B-8. Length of Supervised Release for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 73
Figure B-9. Time to First Rearrest for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 74
Figure B-10. Rearrest Rates for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 Sentenced to Any Type of Supervision 75
Figure B-11. Most Serious Offense at Rearrest for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 75
Figure B-12. Age at Release and Rearrest Rates for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 76
Figure B-13. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Category for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 77
Figure B-14. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Points for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 77
Figure B-15. Rearrest Rates by Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 78
Figure B-16. Rearrest Rates by Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 79
Figure B-17. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 79
Figure B-18. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment and Criminal History Category for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 80
Figure B-19. Rearrest Rates by Length of Probation for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 80
Figure B-20. Rearrest Rates by Length of Supervised Release for Federal Crack Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 81
Figure C-1. Age at Release for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 83
Figure C-2. Calendar Year of Original Sentencing for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 83
Figure C-3. Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties at Original Sentencing for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 84
Figure C-4. Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 84
Figure C-5. Criminal History Category and Underlying Criminal History Points for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 85
Figure C-6. Type of Original Sentence Imposed for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 85
Figure C-7. Length of Imprisonment and Length of Probation for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 86
Figure C-8. Length of Supervised Release for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 86
Figure C-9. Time to First Rearrest for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 87
Figure C-10. Rearrest Rates for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 Sentenced to Any Type of Supervision 88
Figure C-11. Most Serious Offense at Rearrest for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 88
Figure C-12. Age at Release and Rearrest Rates for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 89
Figure C-13. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Category for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 90
Figure C-14. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Points for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 90
Figure C-15. Rearrest Rates by Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 91
Figure C-16. Rearrest Rates by Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 92
Figure C-17. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 92
Figure C-18. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment and Criminal History Category for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 93
Figure C-19. Rearrest Rates by Length of Probation for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 93
Figure C-20. Rearrest Rates by Length of Supervised Release for Federal Marijuana Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 94
Figure D-1. Age at Release for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking OffendersReleased in 2010 96
Figure D-2. Calendar Year of Original Sentencing for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 96
Figure D-3. Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties at Original Sentencing for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders... 97
Figure D-4. Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 97
Figure D-5. Criminal History Category and Underlying Criminal History Points for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 98
Figure D-6. Type of Original Sentence Imposed for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 98
Figure D-7. Length of Imprisonment and Length of Probation for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 99
Figure D-8. Length of Supervised Release for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 99
Figure D-9. Time to First Rearrest for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 100
Figure D-10. Rearrest Rates for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 Sentenced to Any Type of Supervision 101
Figure D-11. Most Serious Offense at Rearrest for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 101
Figure D-12. Age at Release and Rearrest Rates for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 102
Figure D-13. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Category for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 103
Figure D-14. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Points for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 103
Figure D-15. Rearrest Rates by Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 104
Figure D-16. Rearrest Rates by Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 105
Figure D-17. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 105
Figure D-18. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment and Criminal History Category for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 106
Figure D-19. Rearrest Rates by Length of Probation for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 106
Figure D-20. Rearrest Rates by Length of Supervised Release for Federal Powder Cocaine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 107
Figure E-1. Age at Release for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 109
Figure E-2. Calendar Year of Original Sentencing for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 109
Figure E-3. Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties at Original Sentencing for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders... 110
Figure E-4. Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 110
Figure E-5. Criminal History Category and Underlying Criminal History Points for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 111
Figure E-6. Type of Original Sentence Imposed for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 111
Figure E-7. Length of Imprisonment and Length of Probation for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 112
Figure E-8. Length of Supervised Release for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 112
Figure E-9. Time to First Rearrest for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 113
Figure E-10. Rearrest Rates for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 Sentenced to Any Type of Supervision 114
Figure E-11. Most Serious Offense at Rearrest for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 114
Figure E-12. Age at Release and Rearrest Rates for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 115
Figure E-13. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Category for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 116
Figure E-14. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Points for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 116
Figure E-15. Rearrest Rates by Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 117
Figure E-16. Rearrest Rates by Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 118
Figure E-17. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 118
Figure E-18. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment and Criminal History Category for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 119
Figure E-19. Rearrest Rates by Length of Probation for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 119
Figure E-20. Rearrest Rates by Length of Supervised Release for Federal Methamphetamine Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 120
Figure F-1. Age at Release for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 122
Figure F-2. Calendar Year of Original Sentencing for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 122
Figure F-3. Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties at Original Sentencing for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 123
Figure F-4. Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Heroin Trafficking OffendersReleased in 2010 123
Figure F-5. Criminal History Category and Underlying Criminal History Points for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 124
Figure F-6. Type of Original Sentence Imposed for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 124
Figure F-7. Length of Imprisonment and Length of Probation for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 125
Figure F-8. Length of Supervised Release for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 125
Figure F-9. Time to First Rearrest for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 126
Figure F-10. Rearrest Rates for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 Sentenced to Any Type of Supervision 127
Figure F-11. Most Serious Offense at Rearrest for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 127
Figure F-12. Age at Release and Rearrest Rates for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 128
Figure F-13. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Category for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 129
Figure F-14. Rearrest Rates by Criminal History Points for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 129
Figure F-15. Rearrest Rates by Base Offense Level and Drug Mandatory Minimum Penalties for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 130
Figure F-16. Rearrest Rates by Selected Sentencing Factors for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 131
Figure F-17. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 131
Figure F-18. Rearrest Rates by Length of Imprisonment and Criminal History Category for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 132
Figure F-19. Rearrest Rates by Length of Probation for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 132
Figure F-20. Rearrest Rates by Length of Supervised Release for Federal Heroin Trafficking Offenders Released in 2010 133