Title page
Contents
Data and Methods 2
Study Questions and Key Findings 3
STUDY QUESTION 1: In which education systems did score gaps between high- and low-performing students change (widen or narrow) between... 4
STUDY QUESTION 2: Is the widening or narrowing of score gaps between 2011 and 2019 driven primarily by changes in the scores of high-performing... 8
References 12
Appendix 13
FIGURE 1. Changes in score gaps between high- and low-performing students on the TIMSS 4th-grade mathematics scale, by education system:... 4
FIGURE 2. Changes in score gaps between high- and low-performing students on the TIMSS 4th-grade science scale, by education system: 2011 and 2019 5
FIGURE 3. Changes in score gaps between high- and low-performing students on the TIMSS 8th-grade mathematics scale, by education system:... 6
FIGURE 4. Changes in score gaps between high- and low-performing students on the TIMSS 8th-grade science scale, by education system: 2011 and 2019 7
FIGURE 5. Changes in scores of low- and high-performing students, score gaps, and average scores on the TIMSS 4th-grade mathematics scale,... 8
FIGURE 6. Changes in scores of low- and high-performing students, score gaps, and average scores on the TIMSS 4th-grade science scale, by education... 9
FIGURE 7. Changes in scores of low- and high-performing students, score gaps, and average scores on the TIMSS 8th-grade mathematics scale,... 10
FIGURE 8. Changes in scores of low- and high-performing students, score gaps, and average scores on the TIMSS 8th-grade science scale, by education... 11
TABLE A1. Changes in score gaps between high- and low-performing students on the TIMSS 4th- and 8th-grade mathematics and science scales,... 13
TABLE A2. Participation in TIMSS 2011 and 2019, by grade 14
FIGURE A1. Changes in score gaps between high- and low-performing students on the TIMSS 4th-grade mathematics scale, by education system:... 15
FIGURE A2. Changes in score gaps between high- and low-performing students on the TIMSS 4th-grade science scale, by education system: 2011 and 2019 16
FIGURE A3. Changes in score gaps between high- and low-performing students on the TIMSS 8th-grade mathematics scale, by education system:... 17
FIGURE A4. Changes in score gaps between high- and low-performing students on the TIMSS 8th-grade science scale, by education system: 2011 and 2019 18
FIGURE A5. Changes in scores of low- and high-performing students, score gaps, and average scores on the TIMSS 4th-grade mathematics scale,... 19
FIGURE A6. Changes in scores of low- and high-performing students, score gaps, and average scores on the TIMSS 4th-grade science scale, by education... 20
FIGURE A7. Changes in scores of low- and high-performing students, score gaps, and average scores on the TIMSS 8th-grade mathematics scale,... 21
FIGURE A8. Changes in scores of low- and high-performing students, score gaps, and average scores on the TIMSS 8th-grade science scale, by education... 22