Title page
Contents
Summary 4
01. Introduction 6
02. The theory and reality of accountability in post-2003 Iraq 11
03. Exploring Iraq's key accountability mechanisms 15
04. Elite repression of societal accountability 33
05. Policy conclusions: strengthening accountability in Iraq 39
About the author 48
Acknowledgments 48
Table 1. Iraq's main judicial bodies 18
Figure 1. The accountable multi-layered state 13
Figure 2. The unaccountable multi-layered state 14
Figure 3. Average level of effectiveness in holding government to account 30
Figure 4. Perceived level of effectiveness for each actor 31
Figure 5. Who should be responsible for holding decision-makers accountable? 31
Figure 6. Percentage distribution of responsibility for holding government to account 32