Title page
Contents
Abstract 3
1. Introduction 4
2. Background and Context 6
2.1. India's Health Sector 6
2.2. Pandemic Timeline 7
3. Data and Methodololgy 8
3.1. Data 8
3.2. Empirical Methodology 10
4. Results 12
4.1. Robustness 13
4.2. Mechanisms 14
4.3. Heterogeneous Impacts 15
5. Conclusion 15
References 17
Appendix 26
A. Additional Analysis 26
B. Data Generation Procedures 39
Table 1. Descriptive Statistics and Balance Tests 21
Table 2. Impact of COVID-19 State-Level Exposure on Activism 22
Table 3. Mechanisms 23
Figure 1. Survey Date and State COVID-19 Peaks 24
Figure 2. Effect of COVID-19 Exposure Over Multiple Bandwidths 25
Table A1. COVID-19 Peak Dates and Sample Size by State 32
Table A2. Survey Dates 33
Table A3. Impact of Second-wave on Willingness to Protest, Willingness to Act, and Actual Action, and Mechanisms 34
Table A4. Impact of Second-wave on Probability of Employment 35
Table A5. Robustness: Clustering Standard Errors at the State Level 36
Table A6. Heterogeneity by High Corruption Level in Indian States 37
Table A7. Long Term Impact of COVID-19 on Willingness to Protest 38
Figure A1. Activism by Month of Survey 26
Figure A2. Activism by Month of Survey for Early Peak and Late Peak States 27
Figure A3. Data Quality Checks Before & After COVID Case-peak 28
Figure A4. Randomization Inference Test 29
Figure A5. Activism by Day in Pre-event period (0=Day of Peak Infections) 30
Figure A6. Sensitivity Analysis 31