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다양한 형태의 석유 피치계 등방성탄소섬유의 제조와 특성 / 엄상용 인기도
발행사항
대전 : 충남대학교 대학원, 2008.8
청구기호
TD 660 -8-332
형태사항
vii, 137 p. ; 26 cm
자료실
전자자료
제어번호
KDMT1200857806
주기사항
학위논문(박사) -- 충남대학교 대학원, 화학공학, 2008.8
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I. 서론 11

II. 이론적 배경 15

2.1. 탄소섬유 15

2.1.1. 종류 및 특성 15

2.1.2. 피치계 탄소섬유 22

2.2. 섬유강화 복합재료 27

2.2.1. 정의 및 종류 27

2.2.2. 계면특성 30

2.2.3. 탄소/탄소 복합재료 38

2.3. 활성탄소섬유 44

2.3.1. 활성화 반응 44

2.3.2. 반응속도와 활성화 에너지 48

2.3.3. 파과곡선 49

III. 실험 51

3.1. 실험재료 51

3.2. 실험방법 55

3.2.1. 탄소섬유 제조 55

3.2.2. 복합재 제조 61

3.2.3. 활성탄소섬유 제조 62

3.3. 실험평가 64

3.3.1. 프리커서 피치의 특성 64

3.3.2. 섬유 및 복합재의 특성 66

3.3.3. 활성탄소섬유의 특성 68

IV. 결과 및 고찰 72

4.1. INCB oil로부터 다양한 형태의 탄소섬유 제조 72

4.1.1. 열처리조건에 따른 프리커서 피치의 물성변화 72

4.1.2. 용융방사를 통한 다양한 형태의 피치섬유 제조 92

4.1.3. 최적 안정화 조건 102

4.2. 탄소섬유의 형태별 특성과 복합재로의 활용 108

4.2.1. 탄소섬유의 형태에 따른 외부 표면적 비교 108

4.2.2. 탄소섬유 및 탄소섬유 복합재의 물성 109

4.3. 활성화 특성과 활성탄소섬유로의 활용 116

4.3.1. 활성화 효율 116

4.3.2. 기공특성 119

4.3.3. 흡착특성 123

V. 결론 133

Nomenclatures 135

REFERENCES(REFERNCES) 137

ABSTRACT 146

감사의 글 148

Table 1. Properties of C/C composites 41

Table 2. Properties of naphtha cracking bottom oil 52

Table 3. Properties of resin and additives 53

Table 4. Chemical and physical properties of chemicals 54

Table 5. Softening points of pitches as a function of reforming conditions 73

Table 6. Characteristics of precursor pitches by reforming conditions 79

Table 7. Molecular weight of precursor pitches by reforming conditions 83

Table 8. Characteristics of NCB oil and reformed precursor pitch 90

Table 9. Perimeters, cross-sectional areas, and their ratios of different shaped pitch fibers 100

Table 10. Mechanical properties of different shaped carbon fibers and their composites 112

Table 11. Surface resistance of CF/PVC composites 115

Table 12. Pore properties of different shaped activated carbon fibers obtained from adsorption isotherm 122

Table 13. Adsorption properties of different shaped activated carbon fibers 124

Fig. 1. Processes of preparation of carbon fibers from (a) rayon, (b) PAN, (c) pitch and (d) VGCF. 17

Fig. 2. Structures of carbon fibers according to (a) Johnson and (b) Toray research center. 20

Fig. 3. Morphology of mesophase round carbon fibers. 21

Fig. 4. Microstructures and optical constructions of (a) isotropic and (b) anisotropic. 23

Fig. 5. Mechanical properties of representative materials. 29

Fig. 6. Morphology of mesophase non-circular carbon fibers.; (a) trilobal, (b) round, (c) C-shaped, and (d) hollow 31

Fig. 7. Diagrams of different shaped carbon fibers. 32

Fig. 8. Preparation processes of C/C composites. 39

Fig. 9. Heat transfers of C/C composites. 42

Fig. 10. Compressive strength changes of C/C composites after impacts. 43

Fig. 11. Pore characteristics of (a) activated carbon and (b) activated carbon fibers. 46

Fig. 12. Relationship of concentration profile to breakthrough curve in fixed bed. 50

Fig. 13. Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus for reforming. 56

Fig. 14. Design of melt-spinning cylinder and spinnerets. 58

Fig. 15. Hole design of different shaped spinnerets.; (a) round-shaped, (b) C-shaped, (c) ribbon-shaped, (d) trilobal, and (e) tetralobal 59

Fig. 16. Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus for spinning. 60

Fig. 17. Sample photos of (a) PVC sheet and (b) 5 wt.% CF/PVC composite. 61

Fig. 18. Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus for activation. 63

Fig. 19. Softening point measure equipment. 64

Fig. 20. Pictures of measuring instrument.; (a) surface resistance meter, (b) materials testing machine 67

Fig. 21. ANOVA (analyze of variation) report of important factors. 75

Fig. 22. Main and interaction effect analyses of important factors. 76

Fig. 23. TGA curve of naphtha cracking bottom oil. 78

Fig. 24. Properties by heat treatment temperature and time.; (a) softening point & yield and (b) BI & QI 81

Fig. 25. Molecular weight BOX-plots of precursor pitches reformed at (a) 350 ℃, 1 hr, (b) 380 ℃, 1 hr, (c) 380 ℃, 3 hr, and (d) 390 ℃, 4 hr. 84

Fig. 26. MALDI spectra of precursor pitches reformed at (a) 350 ℃, 1 hr, (b) 380 ℃, 1 hr, (c) 380 ℃, 3 hr, and (d) 390 ℃, 4 hr. 86

Fig. 27. Relationship between softening point and average molecular weight. 88

Fig. 28. FT-IR spectra of (a) NCB oil and (b) precursor pitch. 91

Fig. 29. Relationship between softening point and spinning temperature. 93

Fig. 30. Diameter of round shaped pitch fibers as a function of winding speed. 95

Fig. 31. SEM images of round, trilobal, and tetralobal fiber wound at (a) 100 m/min and (b) 400 m/min. 96

Fig. 32. The cross-sectional areas and perimeters of different shaped fibers depended on the winding speed. 97

Fig. 33. Relationship between the winding speed and the ratio of perimeter to cross-sectional area. 99

Fig. 34. Oxygen and hydrogen contents as a function of stabilization time at different temperatures. 103

Fig. 35. FT-IR spectra of (a) pitch fibers and (b) stabilized fibers. 104

Fig. 36. Weight increase of pitch fibers as a function of stabilization time at different temperatures. 106

Fig. 37. Carbonization yields of stabilized fibers as a function of stabilization time at different temperatures. 107

Fig. 38. TG analysis of round-shaped (a) pitch fibers, (b) stabilized fibers, and (c) carbonized fibers in N₂. 110

Fig. 39. Tensile strength and elongation of CF/PVC composites as a function of carbon-fiber content. 113

Fig. 40. Burn-off of different shaped carbon fibers with respect to activation time at 900 ℃. 117

Fig. 41. Arrhenius plots of activation of different shaped carbon fibers. 118

Fig. 42. SEM images of different shaped carbon fibers (a) before and (b) after activation. 120

Fig. 43. Adsorption isotherms of N₂ on different shaped activated carbon fibers. 121

Fig. 44. Freundlich plots of iodine on different shaped activated carbon fibers. 125

Fig. 45. Freundlich plots of phenol on different shaped activated carbon fibers. 128

Fig. 46. Adsorption isotherms of phenol on different shaped activated carbon fibers. 129

Fig. 47. Adsorption rates of phenol on different shaped activated carbon fibers. 130

Fig. 48. Breakthrough curves of phenol on different shaped activated carbon fibers. 132

참고문헌 (84건) : 자료제공( 네이버학술정보 )더보기

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번호 참고문헌 국회도서관 소장유무
1 “Carbon Fibers”, 3rd ed., New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., (1998). 미소장
2 “탄소재료 원리와 응용”, 대영사, (2007). 미소장
3 “탄소재료∙탄소섬유”, 겸지사, (2005). 미소장
4 T. Edison “Electric Lamp”, U.S.Patent No. 223,398 (1880). 미소장
5 R. Bacon(Union Cabide Co.), “Filamentary Graphite and Method for producing the same”, U.S.Patent No. 2,957,756 (1960) 미소장
6 炭素纖維, 近代 編集社 (1984). 미소장
7 “Introduction to Carbonization Engineering”, Ohm Co., (1980). 미소장
8 “Chemistry and physics of carbon”, Vol.4, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 234 (1968). 미소장
9 “Carbon-carbon composites”, Chapman & Hall, London, (1993). 미소장
10 “Mechanics of Composite Materials”, McGraw-Hill, New York, (1975). 미소장
11 An assessment of graphitized carbon fiber use for electrical power transmission 네이버 미소장
12 Raman spectroscopy for characterization of interfacial debonds between carbon fibers and polymer matrices 네이버 미소장
13 Viscoplastic finite element analysis of matrix crack propagation in model continuous-carbon fibre/epoxy composites 네이버 미소장
14 Comparative study on tensile fracture behavior of monofilament and bundle C/C composites 네이버 미소장
15 Structure of carbon fiber obtained from nanotube-reinforced mesophase pitch 네이버 미소장
16 Interfacial and Microfailure Evaluation of Modified Single Fiber–Brittle Cement Matrix Composites Using an Electro-Micromechanical Technique and Acoustic Emission 네이버 미소장
17 Self-sensing of flexural damage and strain in carbon fiber reinforced cement and effect of embedded steel reinforcing bars 네이버 미소장
18 “흡착제-그 원리와 응용”, 지구문화사, (2006). 미소장
19 Activated carbon: Porosity and surface or capacity and free energy? 네이버 미소장
20 “Porosity of Activated Carbon Fibers”, High Temp. High Pressure, 22, 345-354 (1990). 미소장
21 D39Polymer Science and Technology, 7, 130 (1996). 미소장
22 Pore Size Distribution of Metal ( Ag , Cu , Co ) - containing Activated Carbon Fibers 소장
23 Effects of activated carbon surface chemistry and pore structure on the adsorption of organic contaminants from aqueous solution 네이버 미소장
24 Effect of modification with HNO 3 and NaOH on metal adsorption by pitch-based activated carbon fibers 네이버 미소장
25 Effect of ozone treatment on Cr(VI) and Cu(II) adsorption behaviors of activated carbon fibers 네이버 미소장
26 Preparation and properties of an antibacterial activated carbon fiber containing mesopores 네이버 미소장
27 Physical properties of silver-containing pitch-based activated carbon fibers 네이버 미소장
28 Evaluation of the anti-microbial properties of an activated carbon fibre supporting silver using a dynamic method 네이버 미소장
29 The effect of precursor chemistry and preparation conditions on the formation of pore structure in metal-containing carbon fibers 네이버 미소장
30 The effect of the Pt deposition method and the support on Pt dispersion on carbon nanotubes 네이버 미소장
31 Removal of SO x and NO x over activated carbon fibers 네이버 미소장
32 Preparation and pore control of highly mesoporous carbon from defluorinated PTFE 네이버 미소장
33 Removal of volatile organic compound by activated carbon fiber 네이버 미소장
34 Enhancement of the methylene blue adsorption rate for ultramicroporous carbon fiber by addition of mesopores 네이버 미소장
35 Enhanced adsorption of phenol from water by ammonia-treated activated carbon 네이버 미소장
36 Application of Catalytically Grown Carbon Nanofiber in Double Layer Capacitor (I) - Preparation and Properties of Carbon Nanofiber - 소장
37 Fabrication of the Electrode for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell by Using Activated Carbon Fiber 소장
38 Carbon nanofibers supported Pt–Ru electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells 네이버 미소장
39 Carbon K-edge XANES spectromicroscopy of natural graphite 네이버 미소장
40 Microstructure of carbon/carbon composites reinforced with pitch-based ribbon-shape carbon fibers 네이버 미소장
41 Oxidation behaviour of ribbon shape carbon fibers and their composites 네이버 미소장
42 Carbon with high thermal conductivity, prepared from ribbon-shaped mesosphase pitch-based fibers 네이버 미소장
43 “Structure-property relationships for high thermal conductivity carbon fibers”, Composites, 32, 1031-1038 (2001). 미소장
44 “Characteristics of non-circular carbon fiber from pitch precursor”, Chungnam National Univ., Daejeon, Korea (1991). 미소장
45 Preparation and characterization of trilobal activated carbon fibers 네이버 미소장
46 “Carbon fibers from rayon precursors”, Chemistry and Physics of Carbon, 10, 140 (1973). 미소장
47 “Growth and gasification of carbon filaments from nickel”, Extended abstracts of the 18th biennial conference on carbon,... 미소장
48 Preparation of vapor-grown carbon fibers from deoiled asphalt 네이버 미소장
49 Structure of mesophase pitch fibers 네이버 미소장
50 Journal of Physics D : Applied physics 20, 286 (1987). 미소장
51 “Structures of mesophase pitch-based carbon fibers”, J. of Material Science, 23, 598 (1988) 미소장
52 The formation of graphitizing carbons from the liquid phase 네이버 미소장
53 “Carbonaceous mesophase: History and prospects” — a reply 네이버 미소장
54 Handbook of liquid crystals, Verlag Chemie, Basel, (1980) 미소장
55 “The effect of sulfur addition to coal tar and petroleum pitch as precursor for isotropic carbon fibers”, Extended abstracts... 미소장
56 “Extensional Behavior of Isotropic Pitch During the Melt Spinning”, HWAHAK KONGHAK, 27(4), 389 (1989). 미소장
57 Carbon: An old but new material revisited 네이버 미소장
58 Calculated internal stress distributions in melt-spun fibers 네이버 미소장
59 “Simulation of dynamics and structure formation in high-speed melt spinning”, John Wiley & Sonc, Inc. 173 (1985). 미소장
60 “Elongational stability of pitch fiber during the melt spinning of mesophase precursor pitch”, International Conf. on Carbon,... 미소장
61 Optimization of stabilization and carbonization treatment of PAN fibres and structural characterization of the resulting carbon fibres 네이버 미소장
62 Oxygen distribution in the mesophase pitch fibre after oxidative stabilization 네이버 미소장
63 The Stabilization of Mesophase Pitch Based Carbon Fiber 네이버 미소장
64 “Extractive Stabilization of Mesophase Pitch Fiber”, Carbon, 26(3), 375-380 (1988). 미소장
65 질산증기에 의한 석유계 등방성핏치섬유의 안정화 네이버 미소장
66 Proceedings, the 19th Biennial Conf. on Carbon, Penn. State University, USA, 166 (1989). 미소장
67 Carbonization of Isotropic Pitch Fiber Oxidized with Nitric Acid Vapor or Hot Air 네이버 미소장
68 “The preparation and properties of epoxy composites reinforced with C-type and hollow carbon fibers”, Chungnam National Univ.,... 미소장
69 Melt-spun non-circular carbon fibers 네이버 미소장
70 “The mechanical properties and structures of pitch based hollow carbon fibers”, International carbon symposium, Proceeding... 미소장
71 “A review of interfacial phenomena in graphite fiber composites”, Chem. & Phys. of Carbon, 18, 93~138(1982). 미소장
72 “Unit operations of chemical engineering”, McGraw-Hill, New York, (2005). 미소장
73 Electron microscopy of carbon fibers 네이버 미소장
74 Calculation of the limit pore ranges of the reaction of porous carbon materials with CO2 네이버 미소장
75 Cu-Ag 미세복합재료의 기계적·전기적 특성 소장
76 “Minitab을 활용한 예제 중심의 실험계획법”, 이레테크, (2005). 미소장
77 Effect of Stirring Speed and N2-blowing Rate on Mesophase Formation from Naphtha Tar Pitch 네이버 미소장
78 “Effect of heat treatment temperature and time during the NCB oil transformed into mesophase pitch”, Master dissertation,... 미소장
79 Heavy Oil Division, Refining Section of the Japan Petroleum Institute,: “Characterization of Heavy Oils and Its Application”, J.... 미소장
80 “Rheological characteristics of mesophase pitch”, Korean Chem. Eng. Res., 3(2), 93-98 (1986). 미소장
81 납사분해공정 잔사유로부터 등방성/이방성 핏치의 제조 소장
82 Reformation of Naphtha Cracking Bottom Oil for the Preparation of Carbon Fiber Precursor Pitch 소장
83 Chemistry and physics of carbon: Volume 5 (edited by P. L. walker, jr.). Marcel Dekker, New York (1969), xii + 388 pp 네이버 미소장
84 “Development of Water Treatment Chemical”, Chungbuk National Univ. (1997). 미소장
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