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Title Page
Abstract
Contents
1. Introduction 11
2. Literature review 13
2.1. Ion Exchange Membrane 13
2.2. Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membrane 14
2.3. Concentration polarization 15
2.4. Chronopotentiometry 16
2.5. Current-voltage (I-V) curve 19
2.6. Heterogeneity of Ion Exchange Membrane 21
2.7. Electrodeionization (EDI) 23
3. Experimental 24
3.1. Materials 24
3.2. Preparation of Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membrane 24
3.3. Characterization Method of Membranes 26
3.3.1. Water content 26
3.3.2. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) 26
3.3.3. Electrical resistance 27
3.3.4. Transport number 27
3.3.5. Chronopotentiometry 28
3.3.6. Current-voltage curve 28
3.3.7. Gas permeability test 28
3.4. Experimental set-up for electrodeionization 29
4. Result and Discussion 31
4.1. Membrane Preparation 31
4.2. Characterization of Membranes 33
4.2.1. The properties of physical and chemical properties 33
4.2.2. Gas permeability test 36
4.2.3. The surfaces of CTM membranes 37
4.2.4. The heterogeneity of membranes using membrane conductance 38
4.2.5. Chronopotentiometric characteristics 41
4.2.5. Current-voltage relationship 44
4.3. Process Performance of Electrodeionation 47
5. CONCLUSIONS 50
SUMMARY IN KOREAN 52
감사의 글 54
Reference 56
Curriculum Vitae 59
APPENDIX 61
A- 1. The continuous tape casting method 61
A- 2. The logic algorithm of the fraction of conducting region for membrane 62
A- 3. Program source code responding for the algorithm 63
A- 4. The workplace for calculation of conducting region using FORTRAN 65
Table 3- 1. The chemical properties of ion-exchange resins 30
Table 4- 1. The physicochemical properties of heterogeneous cation exchange membranes 35
Table 4- 2. The physicochemical properties of heterogeneous anion exchange membranes 35
Table 4- 3. The result of gas permeability for CTM and commercial membranes 36
Table 4- 4. Characteristic values of the chronopotentiometry for caion exchange membranes 43
Table 4- 5. Characteristic values of the chronopotentiometry for anion exchange membranes 43
Table 4- 6. Characteristic values of current-voltage relationship for caion exchange membranes 46
Table 4- 7. Characteristic values of current-voltage relationship for anion exchange membranes 46
Table 4- 8. The ion concentrations of Reverse osmosis-Electrodeionization system 47
Fig. 2- 1. The schematic of concentration polarization 16
Fig. 2- 2. The typical chronopotentio curves drafted using experiment data 17
Fig. 2- 3. The typical current-voltage curves drafted using experiment data 20
Fig. 2- 4. The relationship between ln km and ln ks in NaCl solution with different concentration 22
Fig. 2- 5. The schematic of electrodeionization (EDI) 23
Fig. 3- 1. The diagram of procedures for preparation 25
Fig. 3- 2. The configuration for measuring transport number 27
Fig. 3- 3. The schematic of equipment of gas permeability 28
Fig. 3- 4. The schematic of 3 cells electrodeionization 29
Fig. 3- 5. SEM images of dried ion exchange resins (a) cation resin (b) anion resin 30
Fig. 4- 1. The surfaces of CTM C with no degassing (a) and degassing (b). 32
Fig. 4- 2.The photographs of membranes prepared by continuous tape casting using video microscope: (a, a’) cation exchange membranes (b, b’) anion exchange membranes in 100 X scale, 300 X scale 37
Fig. 4- 3. Membrane conductance for cation-exchange membranes in sodium chloride solutions with different concentrations 39
Fig. 4- 4. Membrane conductance for anion-exchange membranes in sodium chloride solutions with different concentrations 39
Fig. 4- 5. The relationship between ln Km and ln Ks for cation-exchange membranes in sodium chloride solution with different concentration(이미지참조) 40
Fig. 4- 6. The relationship between ln Km and ln Ks for anion-exchange membranes in sodium chloride solution with different concentration(이미지참조) 40
Fig. 4- 7. Chronopotentiometric curves for cation exchange membranes (current density: 3.5 mA/cm2; electrolyte: 0.025M sodium chloride solution) 42
Fig. 4- 8. Chronopotentiometric curves for cation exchange membranes (current density: 3.5 mA/cm2; electrolyte: 0.025M sodium chloride solution) 42
Fig. 4- 9. Current-voltage curves for cation exchange membranes in 0.025 M sodium chloride solution 45
Fig. 4- 10. Current-voltage curves for anion exchange membranes in 0.025 M sodium chloride solution 45
Fig. 4- 11. The resistance variation of product water from electrodeionization 48
Fig. 4- 12. The voltage changes of electrodeionization in constant current 2.3 mA 48
Fig. 4- 13. The pH variation of product water from electrodeionization 49
Fig. 4- 14. The electrical conductivity of water water from electrodeionization 49
Fig. A- 1. The procedures for preparation of heterogeneous membrane by continuous tape casting method 61
Fig. A- 2. The logic algorithm of the fraction of conducting region for membrane 62
Fig. A- 3. The workplace for calculation of conducting region using FORTRAN 65
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