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Title Page

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

Contents

CHAPTER I. Enhancement of LPA₁ accumulation by over-expression of LPA₄ gene in the neocortical TR neuroblast cells 10

INTRODUCTION 11

MATERIALS AND METHODS 13

Materials 13

Cell Culture 13

Isolation of total RNA and Real-time reverse transcription PCR 13

Transient Transfection 14

Isolation of total Protein and Western Blot Analysis 14

Immnocytochemistry(ICC) 15

RESULTS 16

Expression pattern of LPA receptors gene in the mouse tissues and TR cells 16

LPA₁expression of TR cells was increased by LPA in a time- and dose-dependent manner 17

Over-expression of LPA₁up-regulates LPA-induced LPA₁ clustering 19

DISCUSSION 25

ABSTRACT 27

ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 28

CHAPTER II. Over-expression of LPA₁ downstream gene, IMCL-1, affects apoptosis in the developing mouse hippocampus 29

INTRODUCTION 30

MATERIALS AND METHODS 32

Cell Culture 32

Animals and Tissue Preparation 32

Expression Construct Sub-cloning 32

In Vitro Transient Transfection 33

Isolation of total Protein and Western Blot 33

RNA extraction and Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction 34

Preparation of Brain Sections 35

In Situ Hybridization(ISH) 35

In Vitro Transfection using In Utero Electroporation 36

Immunohistochemistry(IHC) 37

RESULTS 38

Expression of Mcl-1 gene during mouse brain development 38

Mcl-1 mainly expreesed in the cortex and hippocampus of lateral embryo and postnatal mice. 39

Validation of Mcl-1 gene construct in TR cells. 39

Over-expression of Mcl-1 in the developing hippocampus 40

Over-expression of Mcl-1 has not morphological effect at the hippocampus developing stage. 42

Mcl-1 partially regulates apoptosis during developing hippocampus in the brain 42

Over-expression of Mcl-1 affects proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells 43

Over-expression of Mcl-1 has not affects neural differentiation during hippocampus development 43

Over-expression of Mcl-1 enhanced expression of glia in the dentate gyrus(DG) of developing Hippocampus 44

DISCUSSION 58

ABSTRACT 61

ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 62

REFERENCE 63

List of Figures

Figure 1-1. Gene expression pattern o f LPA receptors 20

Figure 1-2. LPA₁time-dependently increased in the neocortical neuroblast TR cells 21

Figure 1-3. Extracellular LPA stimulated LPA₁ clustering in the TR cells 22

Figure 1-4. Endogeneous LPA₁ clustering has been increased by LPA₄ in the neocortical neuroblast TR cells 24

Figure 2-1. Expression of Mcl-1 mRNA during the mouse brain 45

Figure 2-2. Expression pattern of Mcl-1 in the developing mouse brain 47

Figure 2-3. Validation o f the vector containing the Mcl-1 gene 48

Figure 2-4. Diagram of In Utero Electroporation methods into the developing mouse hippocampus 49

Figure 2-5. Over-expression of Mcl-1 has not morphological effect of developing hippocampus at the E18.5 50

Figure 2-6. In vivo over-expression of Mcl-1 partially decrease cell death during hippocampus development 52

Figure 2-7. Over-expression of Mcl-1 affects proliferation of precusor population in the developing hippocampus 53

Figure 2-8. Mcl-1 does not affect neural differentiation during initiate hippocampal development stage 55

Figure 2-9. Over-expression of Mcl-1 enhance glia expression in the dentate gyrus region of hippocampus 57