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제1장 서론 15
제1절 연구의 목적 15
제2절 연구의 범위와 방법 19
I. 연구의 범위 19
II. 연구의 방법 20
제2장 현대 행정에서의 공공성 24
제1절 공공성의 의미 24
I. 공공성의 개념 24
II. 공공성의 발전 33
III. 헌법에서의 공공성 40
IV. 행정법에서의 공공성 44
제2절 집회의 공공성 51
I. 현대 시민사회에서의 공공성 변화와 한계 51
II. 공공성의 형성과 공론장 55
III. 집회에서의 공공성 형성과 실현 63
IV. 미국 공공성 논의 70
제3절 집회의 자유의 보장과 제한의 공공성 79
I. 공공성 확보와 경찰권 행사 79
II. 집회의 자유의 보장 및 제한이 필요한 공공성 87
제3장 집회의 자유의 보장과 제한 90
제1절 집회의 의의 90
I. 집회의 개념 90
II. 집회와 시위의 구분 97
제2절 집회의 자유의 법적근거 111
I. 집회의 자유 111
II. 집회의 자유의 보장 및 제한의 원리 118
제3절 집회의 자유의 보장과 제한에 대한 입법례 130
I. 외국의 입법례 130
II. 우리나라의 집회 관련 법제 136
제4절 집회에서의 경찰권행사의 제한 148
I. 경찰권행사의 제한의 근거 148
II. 경찰권 행사와 권리구제 158
제4장 집회의 자유와 제한에 관한 법적 문제점과 개선방안 166
제1절 집시법상 문제점과 개선방안 166
I. 집시법에서의 공공성 166
II. 집시법의 신고 167
III. 집시법의 문제점과 개선방안 171
제2절 신종집회의 자유보장과 위법 집회에 대한 피해 구제 방안 210
I. 신종집회의 자유의 보장과 제한 210
II. 위법한 집회에 대한 피해 구제방안 221
제5장 집회의 공공성을 위한 경찰권 행사의 발전 방안 224
제1절 공공성 구현과 경찰권 행사 224
I. 집회에서의 공공성과 경찰권행사 224
제2절 집회의 자유의 보장을 위한 협력적 발전 방안 228
I. 국가와 집회의 주최자간 발전적 협력관계 형성 228
제6장 결론 233
참고문헌 236
Abstract 251
[표-1] 집회 신고 중 개최·미개최 현황 172
[표-2] 총 집회 횟수 중 신고·미신고 횟수 현황 176
[표-3] 헌법재판소 9명 재판관 의견 180
[표-4] 집시법 제14조의 확성기 등의 소음기준 194
[표-5] 집회 및 위법(폭력) 집회 현황 211
초록보기 더보기
Article 21 (2) of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea guarantees freedom of assembly as an important fundamental right. Even though freedom of assembly can be restricted when it is necessary under Article 37 (2) of the Constitution, it also stipulates that the essence of freedoms and rights cannot be violated at the same time.
As our society has evolved into a plural society. the desire for the political participation of members of society has grown. Dissatisfaction with government policies and calls for the guarantees of freedom of assembly, to obtain the benefits of individuals or groups, have increased.
In a democratic society, balancing the guarantees of freedom of assembly with restrictions for maintaining social order is an important issue. The balance of the guarantees and restrictions in this context indicates the publicness of assembly.
The publicness of assembly is defined not as the establishment of public peace and order by governmental authority but as directions of laws and regulations which are discussed and agreed on by stakeholders, such as the state. members of the society and the organizers of rallies through democratic processes in the public sphere. However, the absence of the public sphere for the discussion and national consensus among members of society about the guarantees of freedom of assembly makes it difficult to secure the publicness for freedom of assembly.
Securing freedom of assembly is not obtained simply by requiring of it of the state, but it also needs the voluntary cooperation of the organizers and participants of rallies, as well as that of the general public. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire public opinion for maximum guarantees and the minimum restrictions of freedom of assembly in order to secure publicness.
In this thesis, an induction process, which is a traditional method of academic studies, was conducted to achieve the research goal of securing publicness, by guaranteeing and minimizing the restrictions of freedom of assembly. First, positive laws were analyzed as primary sources, and then the theories, literatures and/or papers of domestic and foreign scholars; decisions of the Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court of Korea and foreign countries; as well as other related data were used as secondary sources.
Furthermore, the thesis discussed what the publicness in public laws is, in the exercise of police authority, and in the Act of Assembly and Demonstration, in addition to what is necessary to secure publicness. In consideration of realistic situations, the thesis studied systematic understanding to realize the guarantees and restrictions of freedom of assembly by securing publicness.
Publicness needs not be decided by the state and followed by the citizens. but rather should be decided by discussions with reasonable procedures and methods by the participants of rallies. members of society and the police on equal terms. A rally under the assurance of publicness is guaranteed by the state. and its participants express their opinions with confidence.
Such an assurance of publicness is not simply for the state but ultimately for the guarantee to exercise the fundamental rights to freedom of assembly of all citizens. Even though the current acts on assemblies and demonstrations have legislative intent for maximizing the guarantees and minimizing the restrictions of freedom of assembly, a limit on guaranteeing fundamental rights to freedom of assembly has appeared. Therefore, as for the agendas to supplement or amend the acts on assemblies and demonstrations in order to guarantee freedom of assembly as well as to minimize its restrictions, several amendment ideas were proposed; first. the matter of a longer term notice of assembly in order to preoccupy a site; second, the matter of the punishment for an undeclared rally; third, the policy matter of legislation on the time limit of an outdoor assembly in the night; forth, the matter of extensive restrictions on an assembly site; fifth, the concern about the police superintendent's abuse of power to prohibit a rally in his precinct; sixth, excessive noise from a rally; seventh, the permission for wearing masks by rally participants; eighth. the matter with the advisory committee for assemblies and demonstrations on the application of the Act of Assembly and Demonstration; ninth, imposing regulations for policemen collecting evidence at a place of assembly.
Meanwhile, the assemblies which are categorized as new types of assemblies such as the candlelight rally. a single person demonstration, a cyberspace assembly, the 'three steps, one bow' rally, and a rally in the form of a press conference do not required to be declared, thus, they do not necessitate police intervention. However, if the assemblies have any conditions that need to be declared, problems regarding an undeclared assembly can be caused. In this regard, the necessity of exercising police power, according to the standard of proportion, was proposed for the undeclared but peaceful assembly which does not violate public peace and order, so as to respect the guarantee of the constitutional freedom of assembly and the value of the minimum restriction of it.
In particular, the necessity of a serious discussion about imposing the system of class action lawsuits and legal aid as a compensation plan for the damage from illegal rallies was proposed because there is controversy over the opinion that the system suppresses freedom of assembly and violates fundamental rights.
In addition. several development plans were proposed to secure publicness in terms of the exercise of police authority; first. building consistency and clarity for the police force enforcing the law; second. enhancing the ability of managing an assembly to guarantee freedom of assembly; third. building mutual cooperative relationships between the police and the organizers of a rally; forth, extending the mediatory role of the police to control conflicts; fifth, exerting efforts to promote a legitimate assembly culture.
The proposals revealed by the thesis meet constitutional ideas and values, reasonably balance the guarantee and restrictions of freedom of assembly according to acts on assemblies and demonstrations, and in particular secure the establishment of public peace and order, concretely and practically.
In conclusion, the guarantee and minimum restrictions of freedom of assembly for securing publicness are expected to make important contributions to establishing a constitutional state, a democratic state, a social state. a cultural state and a welfare state, all of which the Constitution of the Republic of Korea adopted as a structural principle of the nation.
참고문헌 (231건) : 자료제공( 네이버학술정보 )더보기
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