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국문요약

Abstract

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1. 연구의 배경 12

1.1. 남극 빙설에 존재하는 다양한 화학성분과 환경정보 12

1.1.1. 물안정동위원소의 분별작용 및 기온정보 13

1.1.2. 수용성 이온성분과 대기환경정보 16

1.2. 수용성 이온성분의 계절변화와 남극 빙설시료의 연대측정 20

2. 연구의 목적 23

3. 연구 지역 26

4. 연구 재료 및 방법 28

4.1. 청정실험환경 및 방법 28

4.2. 현장시료 채취 및 보관 29

4.3. 실험실 분석 30

4.3.1. 분석용 부분시료(aliquot) 준비 30

4.3.2. 물안정동위원소 분석 31

4.3.3. 주요 이온성분 분석 33

4.3.4. 수중 총 수은(HgT) 분석(이미지참조) 34

5. 연구 결과 및 토의 36

5.1. 물안정동위원소 36

5.2. 강설시료의 연대측정(Age dating) 36

5.3. 주요 이온종들의 고해상도 기록 38

5.3.1. 평균조성 38

5.3.2. 주성분분석을 이용한 이온종의 분류 41

5.3.3. 주요 이온농도의 계절변동과 그 요인 45

6. 요약 및 결론 80

7. 참고문헌 82

List of Tables

Table 1. δ18O and δD reference values(‰) of the VSMOW, GISP and SLAP(이미지참조) 112

Table 2. The operating conditions of WS-CRDS (L1102-I by Picarro) installed in KOPRI 113

Table 3. The instrumental conditions of two-channel ion chromatography (IC) system installed in KOPRI 114

Table 4. Anion and cation standard concentrations 115

Table 5. The summary of the analytical performances of the two-channel ion chromatography system for analysis of anions and cations 116

Table 6. The instrumetal conditions of CV-ICP-SFMS used in HgT analysis(이미지참조) 117

Table 7. Geographic location and instrumental information of Lola AWS operated by Italy 118

Table 8. The Basic statistical summary of major ion concentrations and fluxes determined and calculated in Styx snow pit samples 119

Table 9. Result of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) factor loadings for the measured ion species in Styx snow pit samples 120

Table 10. Correlation coefficients determined for a continuous series of 60 samples in Styx snow pit 121

List of Figures

Figure 1. Schematic map of Antarctica showing the location of the Styx Glacier Plateau on Terra Nova Bay (TNB) in Victoria Land, Antarctica 97

Figure 2. Flow diagram of acid cleaning procedure applied to all items used for the sampling and analysis 98

Figure 3. Pictures showing field sampling at Styx snow pit (left) and the densimeter designed by KOPRI (right) 99

Figure 4. Commercial WS-CRDS analyzer (L1102-I, Picarro) used in δ18O, δD analysis (left) and the schematic of Picarro WS-CRDS analyzer showing sample gas flow (right) (www.picarro.com)(이미지참조) 100

Figure 5. Commercial two-channel ion chromatography (IC, Dionex) system used in major ion analysis 101

Figure 6. Commercial ICP-SF-MS (Element2, Thermo) and CV generator (HGX-200, CETAX) used in HgTanalysis 102

Figure 7. Linear regression line (red line) between δD and δ18O analyzed on Styx snow pit samples and Global Meteoric Water Line (blue line)(이미지참조) 103

Figure 8. Atmospheric temperature observed at Lola AWS (a) and vertical profiles of δD (b), δ18O (c) and NO₃- (d) measured in Styx snow pit samples. The summer and winter defined from maximum and minimum values of the δD, δ18O and NO₃-, respectively....(이미지참조) 104

Figure 9. Vertical profile of ion concentrations measured in Styx snow samples. The black and red lines indicate total concentration and non-sea-salt (nss) fractions, respectively 105

Figure 10. Pie-diagram of the snow composition at Styx snow pit in weight percent calculated from the sum of mean concentrations of measured ion species 106

Figure 11. Scatter plots of Cl-, Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ as functions of Na+ in the Styx snow pit samples(이미지참조) 107

Figure 12. Comparison of vertical profiles of Na+ (black lines) and one month running mean profiles of SIE (sea ice extent, b), wind velocity (c) and monthly mean wind direction (d) based on result of age dating(이미지참조) 108

Figure 13. Vertical profiles of Cl-/Na+ (b) and SO₄2-/Na+ (c) weight ratio. The blue and red lines are Cl- and SO₄2- ratio for Na+ inbulk sea water, respectively(이미지참조) 109

Figure 14. Vertical profiles of Ca2+ (b), F- (c) and HgT (d) overlaid with wind velocity and wind direction(이미지참조) 110

Figure 15. Comparison between vertical profiles of d-excess (b) and MSA (c) overlaid temporal variation of SIE in Ross sector 111

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