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Title Page
Contents
CHAPTER I. Inhibition of bipolar to multipolar transition of migratingneural cells by Mesoderm-Specific Transcript in developing mouse neocortex 8
I. INTRODUCTION 9
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 11
1. Animals and in utero electroporation 11
2. DNA construction 11
3. Immunohistochemistry 12
4. Cell cycle analysis 12
5. Primary culture 12
6. Immunocytochemistry 13
7. Detection of apoptotic cells by Annexin assay 13
8. Cell culture 13
9. Western blot analysis 13
10. RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR 14
11. Statistical analysis 14
III. RESULTS 15
1. Mest knockdown reduces migration of neurons from VZ to CP 15
2. Mest regulates the transition process of bipolar cortical neurons into multipolar cortical neurons in upper SVZ. 15
3. Mest negative neurons remain in the IMZ with bipolar morphology 16
4. Mest silencing in neurons affects their attachment with the radial glia (RG) cells during migration 17
5. Neurons with Mest knockdown migrates tangentially 18
6. Mest regulates different components of Wnt signalling and Akt phosphorylation 19
7. miR335 inhibition does not affect Mest signal but enhances neuronal migration tangentially in flipped orientation of the normal system 19
IV. DISCUSSION 33
V. Reference 35
CHAPTER II. Depletion of inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase II suppresses callosal axon formation in the developing mice 38
I. INTRODUCTION 39
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 39
1. Animals 40
2. DNA construction 40
3. In utero electroporation 40
4. Immunohistochemistry 41
5. Cell culture 41
6. Immunocytochemistry 41
7. Western blot analysis 42
8. Determination of knockdown efficiency 42
9. Image analysis and statistical methods 42
III. RESULTS 44
1. Depleting INPP4B suppresses callosal axon formation 44
2. Depleting INPP4B diminishes the SatB2-positive pyramidal neuron population 44
3. Depleting INPP4B attenuates axon polarization in developing cortical neuron 45
IV. DISCUSSION 52
V. REFERENCES 54
ABSTRACT 56
요약 57
CHAPTER I. Inhibition of bipolar to multipolar transition of migratingneural cells by Mesoderm-Specific Transcript in developing mouse neocortex 22
Figure 1. Mest knockdown in cortex reduces migration of neurons into CP region 22
Figure 2. Mest knockdown decreases transition of bipolar cortical neurons into multipolar cortical neurons in upper SVZ 25
Figure 3. Mest knockdown neurons remain as bipolar in the IMZ 26
Figure 4. Mest knockdown neurons reduced multipolar cells in primary culture 27
Figure 5. Mest knockdown neurons cannot attach to the radial glial cells 29
Figure 6. Mest knockdown enhances migration tangentially but not radial migration 30
Figure 7. Mest regulates different components of Wnt signaling 31
Figure 8. miR-335 knockdown increase in movement tangentially 32
CHAPTER II. Depletion of inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase II suppresses callosal axon formation in the developing mice 48
Fig. 1. Depleting INPP4B reduces callosal axon formation 48
Fig. 2. INPP4B depletion diminishes the formation of SatB2-positive pyramidal neurons 49
Fig. 3. INPP4B depletion suppresses axon polarization 51
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