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제1장 서론 5

제2장 성공회의 강화도 선교 10

1. 성공회의 조선 선교 10

2. 성공회의 강화도 선교 15

제3장 성공회 선교의 강화도 집중 현상 24

1. 總制營學堂 설치와 성공회의 강화읍 진출 25

2. Nevius 선교정책과 성공회의 확산 30

3. 초기 성공회 선교 상황과 司牧 대책 36

제4장 강화도 성공회의 토착화 39

1. 성공회의 한국 전통 문화에 대한 관심 40

(1) 선교사들의 전통 문화 이해 40

(2) 『모닝캄』 사진 자료에 담긴 한국의 전통 문화 43

2. 강화 성당의 건축 양식에 담긴 전통과의 조화 45

3. 제사 문제와 재지 양반층에 의한 교회 설립 48

제5장 결론 51

참고문헌 55

ABSTRACT 59

표목차

[표1] 강화 성당 이전의 교회 설립 상황(1890~1896) 19

[표2] 강화 성당 이후의 교회 설립 상황(1897~1904) 20

[표3] 1901년의 강화도 성공회 신자 통계 21

[표4] 조선 성공회 교회 설립 현황(1890~1910) 23

[표5] 조선 성공회 교세에서 강화도의 비중 24

[표6] 한국 개신교의 지역 분할 劃定案(1910) 31

[표7] 성공회 교회 설립 지역 분포(1890~1910) 32

[표8] 기독교의 신자 추이(괄호 속은 강화도 신자) 34

[표9] 조선 성공회 사제의 인원 변화(1891~1910) 36

[표10] 조선 성공회 강화도 선교 조직(1908) 38

[표11] 랜디스 논문의 유형 분석 41

[표12] 『모닝캄』에 실린 사진들의 통계 분석(1890~1910년) 44

그림목차

[그림1] 영국 성공회 선교지 『모닝캄』 14

[그림2] Introduction to the study of Buddhism in Corea(1917) 42

[그림3] 『모닝캄』에 실린 불교에 관련된 사진들 44

[그림4] 강화 성당(외삼문) 45

[그림5] 임실 향교(외삼문) 45

[그림6] 강화 성당의 범종과 보리수 46

[그림7] 한옥 양식(강화성당 외부) 47

[그림8] 바실리카 양식(강화성당 내부) 47

초록보기

 In the late 19 th century, an empire of imperialism was not an exception in East Asia, and the United Kingdom was in the center, and Britain was in the center of Southeast Asia and China. The church of England set up numerous dioceses in Hong Kong, Singapore, Macao, etc. However the purpose of the overseas mission was not for the regional vision but just for the British colonial rule in the colony and the national interests.

The Church of England began the mission in Choseon Dynasty at the request of a pro-China bishop, but was not active. The first bishop, John Corfe was also standing for his British government. He thought that presiding holy sacraments for their own people were his priorities. So he came and went China frequently even though it was very difficult situation in Choseon spending lot's of money for it, and he planted a Church even in Manchu while he stood in a Catholic tradition. He practised strong bishop's office. Thus he did not allow autonomy for his diocesan priests. Warner wanted certain right to practise his own, but the bishop rejected and he regarded it as challenge for himself. it made Warner resigned and he turned home. But there were still eagerness remained. For this occasion, bishop changed his mind. it was followed by strategical change. He decided to establish Korean church. That was 'Gangwhaup'church. By its establish and consecration, anglican mission in Gangwha island became active. In 1901, it was 120's attending, in 1907, it became 935. The number of churches were 15 in 1910. At that moment, it was 37.5% of congregation, 73.9% of whole church numbers in Choseon. The church was rapidly growing and concentrating and Gangwha was in the centre. This work is focused on finding the reason why the Korean Anglican Church was concentrated on Gangwha island. This has found some of clues for it.

Firstly, 'Chong Je Young Academy(it seems like Naval Academy)' is regarded as main cause. The inhabitance of Gangwha island was strongly against western imperial powers. it was mainly due from repeated invasion by French, U.S.A., Japan one by one. Among this situation, the government established the Chong Je Young Academy to improve their naval forces. The British government helped in great deal and they sent naval officers and school teachers. At a similar times, the Church of England sent Fr. Wanrner to Gapkot in Gangwha, he earned people's heart because he took care of orphans. Warner had friendship with teachers and officers in Chong Je Young Academy. The reason that they were same British, even some of them were from same denomination(anglican) they were quite close. He was also familiar with the students of Chong Je Young Academy. Sadly, the Chong Je Young Academy shut down because of Japanese interrupt and the officials left. After 1 year, Choseon Anglican church bought the British official' houses and lands with very cheap price and they made a step to Gangwha city centre naturally. Anglican centre in Gangwha became very active. Comparing it with the Methodist or the Roman Catholic, this was clearly special favor to it. So, Chong Je Young Hag Dang was deeply related with the anglican mission in Gangwha island.

Secondly, it is Nevius Mission Plan. With Nevius Mission Plan, methodist church became dominent in Gangwha island. The methodist church was from anglican church, and they had great similarities in doctrine and administration. The creed was similar, and they have bishops in common. So, there was no major reason to make conflict. Moreover, they had their own method and region so that they focused on their works. The assumption was needed to estimate on Nevius mission plan that Gangwha island was presbyterian mission area. If is that so, the conflict would be serious and the anglican mission would have been quite though. The reasons would be like these. The presbyterian regard Roman catholic as heresy. The Anglican church in Choseon in those days contains roman catholic regacy, so presbyterian would claimed to expel the anglican church in Gangwha island. Another reason is theological trend. The anglican church had strong tendency of theological liberalism. On the contrary the presbyterian church were fundamental. So, co-exising was impossible. The presbyterian fundamentalism is based on redeeming history of God. For this, free human beings rational activities were taken as sins. So, it was great fortune that the Methodist church were overruled in Gangwha. So, anglican advance and concentration on Gangwha island were influenced by Nevius Mission Plan.

The last reason was bad situation in mission. The anglican church was growing, but recruit of clergies were stopped. Even the clergies were recalled to the U.K. In consideration of all these surroundings, 'selection and concentration' was best way of doing mission. The Whole Gangwha area were divided into 3 areas. All 3 areas had its own centre. People were gathered in their nearest centre among 3. In this way, 2-3 priests could preside holy sacraments. And local parish ministries were became korean's works. To succeed in this mission, the area should be small. The Gangwha island was best place for it on earth. The reason why the anglican church was concentrated on Gangwha island was its inferior situation for mission.

Described above, because of 3 reasons, anglican church were concentrated and wide spread in Gangwha island. However, it made another meaning. It is indigenousization of anglican church in Gangwha island. In Gangwha, everybody knows the existence of Gangwhaeup chapel, and when a priest is walking down the street, the people show their respect to him(her) even they are not attending the anglican churches. This kind of view is one of indigenousization. Along with 120 years, the Anglican church took a position in the people's heart and it was assimilated properly. In Christianity, indigenousization means that the universal truth is breathing and sustaining in the context of indigenous land. In this position, the Church of England started mission in Gangwha island and it became widely spread and entered the stage of indigenousization.

It might be concluded that the Anglican mission from U.K. to Gangwha island is charaterised such as. The concentration on Gangwha island contains positive aspects as well as the negatives. The positve one is that people of Gangwha were fully accepted its missionary ethos and its indigenousization. Such indigenousization was different from other missionary plantation of other denominational one-sidedism of early stage and it has significant meaning as church history. On the contrary, the negative was shadow of concentration. in other words, exept Gangwha area, there was a severe stagnation phenomenon and standstill. it continues even now on. According to the minute of General Convention of Seoul diocese 2017, there are 12 parishes in Gangwha island among 64 parishes in the whole diocese. Considering its population and area, it is too big. In a large scale, Daejeon and Busan dioceses are non-independent. Moreover, there are no diocese in Gangwon and Joela provinces. If the concentration in Gangwha goes further, the Korean Anglican will wither in the future. The answer for today could be found in the past. It is reproducing the net function of churches when they were growing and being concentrated in Gangwha area. Such are the passion of missionaries who devoted their lives to not-well known east Asian countries, the relative attitude that respect the tradition of natives, caring the youth for their future of the church.

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