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22대 대한민국 국회 국회정보길라잡이 국회의원검색
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I. 서론 5

II. '내던져진' 사람들: 인물들의 비체화 21

III. 파괴되는 자연의 비체화 43

IV. 파편적 서술 방식과 현재진행형의 트라우마 65

V. 결론 83

인용문헌 86

ABSTRACT 91

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 This thesis explores the intersection of trauma and the abject presented in The God of Small Things (1997) and The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017). These two novels convey a powerful message as to how the violence that occurs prevalently in India is political. Specifically, each character's experience of trauma in these novels can be examined through "the abject" by conceptualized by Julia Kristeva. The abject is thrown away from the subject for the superego underpinned by law, custom, and patriarchy. Roy's novels utilize the abject to promote the understanding of the nature of violence in India.

The God of Small Things describes the abject embodied in corpses, and blood to provoke the fear of contamination. It reveals the violence inherent in India's main ideology and social custom. Velutha would serve as a prime example of the abject in the novel, as indicated in his blood, corpse, and untouchable caste. Furthermore, a series of events that Estha and Rahel experience is similar to that of abjection. Likewise, in The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, Anjum and her friends who are deported from state of Delhi live in the graveyard altogether with abandoned people. These characters and their location represent the abject that can be found at the metropolis and capitalism. Another description of the abject can be found in torturing in Kashmir, which shows the mechanism of abjection. In this novel, Roy illustrates that torture is not the evil-doing of individuals but the main ideology of the society which makes the abject.

In addition, the way nature is destroyed in the novels is similar to that of the characters' abjection. For example, the river polluted with the slimy scum and the environment is flooded by the dam construction. In The God of Small Things, nature is described to have an impact on human life, but at the same time, be destroyed by capitalism and urban development. In the destruction of nature, nature-friendly characters are abjected by western subject like nature. In The Ministry of Utmost Happiness, Tilo, Zainab, and Saddam, who are ostracized from the society in India, get along with abandoned animals. Roy depicts the vicious cycle where people are deported from the city, live in the destroyed environment, and face higher rates of violence.

Employing fragmented narratives, Roy portrays the traumatic experiences of individuals and their community in her novels. By focusing on what is happening rather than causes of trauma, the reader can better understand the traumatic aspects of the characters. The God of Small Things effectively reveals the violence committed by "big things" like colonialism, patriarchy, caste and etc. by borrowing the way of the mechanism of trauma for its narrative form. In addition, the distinctive narrative of fragmentary form weaves the story of The Ministry of Utmost Happiness and describes the contrast between the life and the death of the people, between Kashmir and Delhi, and between the graveyard and the city.

Despite the gap of 20 years, Roy's two novels, The God of Small Things and The Ministry of Utmost Happiness are interrelated to each other. Abject and trauma are the key words for understanding two novels, and go through the author's theme. It is the voice for disclosing the violence of postcolonialism, capitalism, Hindu nationalism, caste system, sex, and religion in India.

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