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소장정보 검색

국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
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Title Page

Contents

CHAPTER 1. General Introduction 10

1. Background 10

1.1. Natural compounds : Polyphenols 10

1.2. Bioactivity and Bioavailability of polyphenols 14

1.3. Utilization of by-products : natural sources of polyphenols and fermentation 15

1.4. Utilization of persimmon by-products 17

2. Research objectives 20

CHAPTER 2. (제목없음) 21

1. Introduction 21

1.1. Melanogenesis 21

1.2. Antioxidant 24

2. Materials and Methods 27

2.1. Cell culture and treatment 27

2.2. Cell viability 28

2.3. Measurement of cellular tyrosinase activity 28

2.4. Melanin contents measurement 29

2.5. Western blot analysis 29

2.6. Preparation of nuclear protein extract 30

2.7. Detection of ROS generation in the cell 31

2.8. Statistical analysis 31

3. Results and Discussion 33

3.1. Effect of FPE on mouse melanoma and human melanoma cell viability 33

3.2. FPE downregulate tyrosinase activity and decrease melanin content in on mouse melanoma and human melanoma cells 33

3.3. Effect of FPE on the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins in human melanoma cells 38

3.6. Effect of FPE on the ROS generation 42

3.7. Effect of FPE on the expression of antioxidant-related proteins in α- MSH-induced B16F10 mouse melanoma cells 44

3.8. Effect of FPE on the expression of antioxidant-related proteins in H₂O₂-induced B16F10 mouse melanoma cells 47

3.9. Effect of FPE on the ARE-mediated transcriptional activation 50

CHAPTER 3. (제목없음) 57

1. Introduction 57

2. Materials and Methods 59

2.1. Cell culture and in vitro differentiation 59

2.2. Cell viability 59

2.3. Oil-Red O staining and lipid accumulation 60

2.4. RNA isolation and RT-PCR 60

2.5. Western blot analysis 62

2.6. Detection of ROS generation in the cell 63

2.7. Statistical analysis 63

3. Results and Discussion 64

3.1. Cytotoxicity of FPE in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes 64

3.2. Oil-Red O staining and lipid accumulation 64

3.3. Effects of FPE on mRNA expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis 66

3.4. Effects of FPE on protein expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipogenesis 69

3.5. Effect of FPE on the ROS generation 72

CHAPTER 4. (제목없음) 78

1. Introduction 78

2. Materials and Methods 80

2.1. Reducing sugar contents and Total phenolic contents 80

2.2. Antioxidant activity 80

2.3. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis 81

3. Results and Discussion 83

3.1. Changes in polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of FPEs 83

3.2. HPLC analysis of FPE 86

3.3. GC analysis of FPE 86

3.4. NMR analysis of FPE 89

3.5. Amino acid analysis of FPE 91

CHAPTER 5. General Discussion 93

Reference 95

요약 113

Table 2.1. PCR primers for 3T3-L1 adipocytes mRNA expression. 61

Table 4.1. HPLC Analysis of FPE 87

Table 4.2. GC Analysis of FPE 88

Table 4.3. NMR Analysis of FPE 90

Table 4.4. Amino acid Analysis of FPE 91

Fig.1.1. Structure of polyphenols 13

Fig.1.2. Preparation of samples 19

Fig.2.1. Effects of FPE on α-MSH-induced B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Cells... 35

Fig.2.2. Effects of FPE on forskolin-induced HMV human melanoma cells. Cells... 36

Fig.2.3. Effects of FPE Fraction on α-MSH-induced B16F10 mouse melanoma... 37

Fig.2.4. Effects of FPE on the expression of melanogenic proteins in B16F10... 39

Fig.2.5. Effects of FPE on the expression of melanogenic proteins in HMV... 40

Fig.2.6. Inhibitory effect of FPE on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in... 43

Fig.2.7. Effects of FPE on the expression of antioxidant related proteins in α-... 45

Fig.2.8. Effects of FPE on the expression of antioxidant related proteins in α-... 46

Fig.2.9. Effects of FPE on the expression of antioxidant related proteins in H₂O₂-... 48

Fig.2.10. Effects of FPE on the expression of antioxidant related proteins in... 49

Fig.2.11. Induction of ARE-luciferase activities at two doses of FPE in HepG2-... 51

Fig.2.12. Schematic summary diagram of effects of FPE treatment on stimulated... 56

Fig.3.1. Effects of FPE on 3T3-L1 cells. (A) Cell viability was examined in 3T3-... 65

Fig.3.2. Effects of FPE on mRNA expression of genes related to adipogenesis in... 67

Fig.3.3. Effects of FPE on mRNA expression of genes related to lipogenesis in... 68

Fig.3.4. Effects of FPE on protein expression of genes related to adipogenesis in... 70

Fig.3.5. Effects of FPE on protein expression of genes related to lipogenesis in... 71

Fig.3.6. Inhibitory effect of FPE on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in... 73

Fig.3.7. Schematic summary diagram of effects of FPE treatment on 3T3-L1... 77

Fig.4.1. Composition of PE and FPE. TLC analysis was performed. TLC... 79

Fig.4.2. Changes in polyphenol content of FPE. 84

Fig.4.3. Changes in antioxidant activity of FPE. 85

Fig.4.4. Schematic summary diagram of analysis of FPE 92

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