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Title Page 2
Abstract 5
Contents 7
Ⅰ. Introduction 13
1. Research background 13
2. Literature review 24
3. Specific objectives 30
Ⅱ. Methods and Materials 32
1. Monte Carlo simulation 32
2. Optimization of the physical parameters of the diverging collimator for the target radioisotopes 34
1) Target radioisotope: ⁹⁹ᵐTc(Half-life: approximately 6 hours, Gamma-ray energy: 140 keV) 35
2) Target radioisotope: ¹³¹I(Half-life: approximately 6 days, Gamma-ray energy: 364 keV) 37
3) Target radioisotope: ¹³⁷Cs(Half-life: approximately 30 years, Gamma-ray energy: 662 keV) 39
3. Design of detection module and processing boards for electrical signals 44
4. Performance evaluation of gamma camera and gamma imaging monitoring system 47
Ⅲ. Results 55
1. Determination of physical parameters of diverging collimator and manufacturing by DMLS metal 3D printing technology 55
2. Signal detection module and processing boards for radiation monitoring 65
3. Evaluation of the intrinsic and extrinsic performance of compact gamma camera using various radioisotopes 70
1) Energy spectrum and intrinsic uniformity 70
2) System sensitivity to distance 73
3) Sensitivity within the effective area of the field of view 74
4) Energy resolution and angular resolution 78
4. Comprehensive radiation monitoring activity 81
Ⅳ. Discussion 84
Ⅴ. Conclusion 88
References 90
[Abstract] 104
Figure 1.1. Types, shapes, and principles of various collimators for gamma cameras that depend on the specific purpose of radiation monitoring 17
Figure 1.2. Schematic diagram of the components and signal processing procedures of a conventional gamma camera 21
Figure 2.1. Diverging collimator shape and physical structural parameters made by 3D modeling software 36
Figure 2.2. The spatial resolution(Rdivg) and geometric efficiency (g) factors of the diverging collimator and various parameters required for calculation in equations...[이미지참조] 40
Figure 2.3. Decay scheme and emission gamma-rays of three radioisotopes ⁹⁹ᵐTc, ¹³¹I, and ¹³⁷Cs, which are optimization targets 42
Figure 2.4. Overall structure simulated in GATE, procedures for determining optimization parameters, and indicators for the performance evaluation 43
Figure 2.5. Experimental structures and radioisotopes for measuring system sensitivity according to a certain distance from the surface of a compact gamma... 50
Figure 2.6. Experimental structure for measuring system sensitivity in the effective area after mounting diverging collimator with a detection angle of 45° 51
Figure 2.7. Experimental structure for measuring angular resolution according to distance from gamma camera surface using ⁹⁹ᵐTc vial source 53
Figure 2.8. (Top) Structure of radiation monitoring activities through gamma imaging system and (Bottom) Self-developed software 'Kerberos' for comprehensive... 54
Figure 3.1. Comparison of the trade-off curve of system sensitivity and full width at half maximum according to the collimator height in the optimization procedure for... 57
Figure 3.2. Comparison of the sensitivity performance of pinhole collimator and diverging collimator for radioisotope position from the central axis in GATE 59
Figure 3.3. Comparison of the tendency of normalized spatial resolution and geometric efficiency values according to the height of the diverging collimator 60
Figure 3.4. Comparison of the trade-off curves between sensitivity and full width at half maximum according to the collimator height, hole size, and septal thickness... 62
Figure 3.5. Tungsten diverging collimator made with DMLS metal 3D printing technology (A) For radioisotope ⁹⁹ᵐTc (B) For radioisotope ¹³⁷Cs 64
Figure 3.6. Specifications of the Si-PM semiconductor detector in MPPC as a detection module for radiation monitoring 67
Figure 3.7. Configuration of a detection module optimized, manufactured and combined with a compact gamma camera 68
Figure 3.8. Signal processing board configuration for electrical signals coming from the detection module through the flexible flat cable... 69
Figure 3.9. Energy spectrum and gamma images of intrinsic uniformity acquired with a compact gamma camera (A) ⁵⁷Co (B) ¹³³Ba (C) ¹³⁷Cs 71
Figure 3.10. Process for creating a segmentation map based on intrinsic uniformity image for radioactive source ¹³³Ba (A) Raw uniformity gamma image... 72
Figure 3.11. Results of sensitivity according to the effective area in the field of view and the location of the vial sources for each distance from the gamma camera... 76
Figure 3.12. Gamma images when two ⁹⁹ᵐTc vial sources located at a distance of 4m from the gamma camera are separated by an X-axis... 77
Figure 3.13. Gamma imaging and source location identification by adjusting the energy window in the energy spectrum using two radioactive sources ²⁴¹Am and... 79
Figure 3.14. The pixel points of the maximum system sensitivity in the GAGG scintillator according to each distance from the gamma camera... 80
Figure 3.15. Comprehensive monitoring images of the distance between the ⁹⁹ᵐTc vial source and gamma imaging system (A) 4 m (B) 3 m (C) 2 m (D) 1 m 82
Figure 3.16. Comprehensive monitoring activity images of randomly located radioactive sources through gamma imaging system (A) ⁹⁹ᵐTc (B) ¹³⁷Cs 83
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