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국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색
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Title Page

Abstract

Contents

Abbreviations 8

Chapter 1. Introduction 11

1.1. Information Structure 11

1.1.1. Relation between Grammar and Information Structure 12

1.1.2. Korean -(n)un and Information Structure 13

1.2. Multiple Dimensions of Meaning 15

1.2.1. Motivation for Multiple Dimensions of Meaning 15

1.2.2. Meaning of -(n)un as Instructional Meaning 15

1.3. Conventional vs. Conversational Implicature 16

1.4. Structure of Dissertation 17

Chapter 2. Topic, Focus, and Contrast 19

2.1. Introduction 19

2.2. Topic 20

2.2.1. What is topic? 20

2.2.2. Relation between Topic and Grammar 32

2.2.3. The Source of Aboutness 41

2.3. Focus 42

2.3.1. Two Standard Views on Focus 42

2.3.2. Relation between Focus and Grammar 48

2.4. Contrast 57

2.4.1. What is Contrast? 57

2.4.2. Types of Contrast 61

2.4.3. CT 64

2.4.4. CF 68

2.5. Summary 70

Chapter 3. On the Nature of -(n)un 72

3.1. Introduction 72

3.2. Previous Studies 73

3.2.1. Derivational Approach 74

3.2.2. Non-Derivational Approach 78

3.3. Salience in Discourse 88

3.3.1. What is Discourse Salience? 88

3.3.2. Two Kinds of Discourse Salience 91

3.3.3. Motivation for Imposing Salience 93

3.4. Meaning of -(n)un: a Corpus Study 95

3.4.1. Introduction to Corpus Data 96

3.4.2. Discourse Functions of -(n)un 98

3.4.3. Meaning of -(n)un as Imposing Salience 110

3.4.4. Further Support 114

3.5. Formal Representation of Meaning of -(n)un 132

3.5.1. Characteristics of UC Meaning 133

3.5.2. -(N)un as an Expletive Functional Non-Shunting UCI 143

3.5.3. Formalization of the Meaning of -(n)un 144

3.6. Pragmatic Functions of Different Types of NPs 147

3.6.1. NP-i/ka 148

3.6.2. Bare NPs 160

3.6.3. NP Ellipsis 168

3.7. Summary 170

Chapter 4. On Contrastiveness Induced by -(n)un 172

4.1. Introduction 172

4.2. On Contrastive Implicatures Induced by -(n)un 173

4.2.1. Setting the Stage 174

4.2.2. Conversational Nature of CI 177

4.3. The Source of Concessivity 200

4.3.1. First Source of U-Concessivity: Incompleteness 204

4.3.2. Second Source of U-Concessivity: Scalar Contrast 206

4.4. Contrastive -(n)un vs. English Rise-Fall-Rise (RFR) 210

4.4.1. Büring (2003) 211

4.4.2. Constant (2008) 212

4.4.3. Contrastive -(n)un ＝ RFR 215

4.4.4. Formalization 216

4.5. Summary 218

Chapter 5. On the Prosodic Property of Contrastive -(n)un 220

5.1. Introduction 220

5.2. Previous Studies 221

5.2.1. Y.-B. Kim (2004) 221

5.2.2. Jo et al. (2006) 224

5.2.3. C. Lee (2007) 226

5.2.4. M. Oh (2008) 226

5.2.5. J. E. Kim (2010) 229

5.3. Experiment 229

5.3.1. Participants 230

5.3.2. Material 230

5.3.3. Procedure 233

5.3.4. Results 233

5.4. Discussion 236

5.4.1. Length of -(n)un 236

5.4.2. Phrase-Final Rise 237

5.4.3. Pitch of -(n)un 237

5.5. Summary 240

Chapter 6. Concluding Remarks 241

6.1. Introduction 241

6.2. Descriptive Categories vs. Comparative Concepts 241

6.3. Comparative Study 243

Appendix. Experimental Stimuli for the Phonetic Experiment 246

Bibliography 254

List of Tables

Chapter 3. On the Nature of -(n)un 98

Table 1. Summary of Discourse Functions of -(n)un 98

Table 2. Sensitivity of Discourse Functions of -(n)un to Root Restriction 118

Table 3. Pragmatic Difference between -(n)un and -i/ka 155

Table 4. Pragmatic Difference between -(n)un, -i/ka, and Particle Omission 165

Chapter 4. On the Prosodic Property of Contrastive -(n)un 234

Table 1. Length of -(n)un for Each Discourse Function 234

Table 2. Pitch Range between -(n)un and Preceding Syllable 235

Table 3. Pitch of -(n)un for Each Discourse Function 235

List of Figures

Chapter 3. On the Nature of -(n)un 110

Figure 1. Discourse Functions of -(n)un 110

Figure 2. Subtypes of (Contrastive) Topic/Frame Marked by -(n)un 111

Figure 3. Classification of Different Types of UCIs 144

Chapter 5. On the Prosodic Property of Contrastive -(n)un 239

Figure 1. Spectrogram of Sentence (7) 239

초록보기

A Korean particle -(n)un is widely known as a topic and/or contrast marker. Despite this seemingly well-established view on the meaning/function of -(n)un, however, its exact nature is far from clearly understood. The main purpose of this dissertation is to shed light on the meaning of -(n)un, by looking at it from a different perspective, namely, the perspective of (discourse) salience.

In unveiling the nature of -(n)un, it is necessary to clearly understand the notions of information structure such as topic and contrast that are assumed to be marked by -(n)un. It is also crucial to investigate the relation between these notions and -(n)un. Unlike the standard view that posits direct relation between them, the dissertation provides strong evidence for indirect relation between -(n)un and topic/contrast.

Based on a corpus study, I argue that what -(n)un really does is to IMPOSE SALIENCE on a discourse referent. Topicality and contrastiveness are only derived from the interaction of this meaning of -(n)un and various syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic factors. I support the proposed meaning of -(n)un by showing that 1) the main functions of -(n)un are introducing a new topic/frame, inducing contrast, and simply emphasizing a referent, 2) the use of -(n)un is constrained by the root restriction, and 3) different meanings expressed by -(n)un depending on its syntactic position are naturally explained by the proposed analysis of -(n)un.

Moreover, I further justify the meaning of -(n)un by comparing the pragmatic function of -(n)un-marked NPs with that of other types of NPs, that is, nominative-marked (or -i/ka-marked) NPs, bare NPs, and null NPs. Especially, I claim that the pragmatic meaning of -i/ka is UNIQUE SPECIFICATION of a referent, and the lack of this meaning in -(n)un is also crucial for understanding its nature.

The dissertation also proposes that the meaning of imposing salience conveyed by -(n)un is not a truth-conditional (or at-issue) meaning, but must be captured under the formal framework that posits multiple dimensions of meaning. In particular, -(n)un is argued to express a kind of performative and is characterized as instructional meaning.

The proposed analysis of -(n)un is further supported by the nature of contrastive implicatures it generates. Contrary to the standard view, which sees them as conventional implicatures, I argue that the contrastive implicature induced by -(n)un is conversational. Their conversational nature is backed up not only by semantic/pragmatic considerations but also by a prosodic experiment.

If what is claimed in this dissertation is on the right track, it is not only helpful to gain an insight into the nature of -(n)un, but it also has implications on information structure theory in general. Topic, focus, and contrast, although they are important notions for crosslinguistic studies, lose their status as UNIVERSAL categories (or primitives) of information structure. Instead, information structure of a particular language must be described in its own terms (e.g. imposing salience, unique specification).

한국어의 '-은/는'은 화제와 대조를 표지한다고 널리 알려져 있다. 하지만 '-은/는'의 정확한 의미/기능에 대해서는 아직 명백히 밝혀진 것이 없다. 본 논문의 주된 목표는 두드러짐성(salience)라는 개념을 통해 '-은/는'에 대한 새롭고 더 깊은 이해를 제공하는 것이다.

'-은/는'의 본질을 밝힘에 있어 정보구조의 기본적인 개념인 화제, 대조, 초점에 대한 분명한 이해가 선행되어야 한다. 또한 이들 개념과 '-은/는'의 정확한 관계가 밝혀져야 한다. '-은/는'과 화제/대조가 직접적인 관계를 맺고 있다는 주류입장에 반대하여 본 논문에서는 이들이 간접적인 관계를 이루고 있다고 주장한다.

코퍼스 분석에 기반하여, 본 논문은 '-은/는'의 본질적인 기능이 담화 개체에 두드러짐을 부과하는 것이라고 주장한다. 화제성이나 대조성은 이러한 '-은/는'의 기능과 여러 통사, 의미, 화용적 요인들의 상호작용으로 생성되는 화용적 효과이지 '-은/는'이 직접적으로 이들을 의미하지 않는다. 본 논문에서 제시되는 '-은/는'의 새로운 의미는 여러 다양한 언어현상에 의해 지지된다.

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