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국회도서관 홈으로 정보검색 소장정보 검색

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과거청산 작업에서 진실말하기와 대항 내러티브 주체의 형성 / 김무용 1

I. 머리말 1

II. 국가 프로젝트로서 증언의 공식화와 진실말하기 3

1. 구술증언의 공식화와 진술조서의 한계 3

2. 탈트라우마 과정으로서 구술증언과 진실말하기 9

III. 진실의 재구성과 순수화/희생화 담론의 극대화 14

1. 증언의 힘 - 개인의 경험에서 국가 진실의 재구성 14

2. 순수화/희생화 담론의 극대화와 저항담론의 주변화 18

IV. 대항 내러티브의 주체 형성과 기억하기의 제도화 24

1. 말할 수 없는 것을 말하기와 내러티브 주체 형성 24

2. 공적 기억의 형성과 기억하기의 제도화 29

V. 맺음말 35

참고문헌 38

〈ABSTRACT〉 45

초록보기

Grobally, ‘past liquidation' has been processed since the latter half of 1980, and evaluated as an alternative for the realization of transitional justice and the achievement of democracy through the clearance of violent past. In Korea, this project has been executed by the truth reconciliation commission(TRC from below) which was established as the temporary state organization. The work for truth revealing was mainly implemented by truth-telling or storytelling through truth-gathering work, and composed of ‘statement investigation' which was combination of oral testimony and written testimony.

The purpose of statement investigation as the state documents was to verify the truth of oral testimony and written testimony by victims. During these processes, victims' experiences and telling were re-established as the public evidences for present facts or juridical judgements.

Furthermore, these statements of victims have expressed the characters of event stories which included victims' personal life and pain. These were the base of connection for victims' traumatic past to reconciliation of present and future. However, the work for statement investigation has revealed the problems that did not describe the institution, culture and everyday lives under state's violence because it extremely simplified to personal relation between state and victims or perpetrators and victims.

The story of victims shows us the power and meaning of testimony in the history of oral history. The victims stated their own experiences and pains related to the past massacre. Through these processes, their personal stories changed to public discourse by the state. Even though these are only the forms of ‘determination for truth's verification', these mean that victims' collective experiences and histories were recognized publically.

According to the statements of victims which were investigated and filed by TRC, their collective discourse can be characterized as purification and victimization. The formation of this discourse in the victims' culture was very important element for the formation of identity of the bereaved families. They could realize the political meaning of their experiences and be formed as the subjects for the counter-discourse against public discourse that defined them as impure and communized persons by dominated powers.

TRC verified the victims on the base of the statements or testimonies. Furthermore, it defined the victims as the massacred people, and got rid of the terminologies like ‘impure element', ‘the red' or ‘the enemy' as the heritage of anti-communism. Through these processes, the counter-discourse of the bereaved families has been formalized as the purification/victimization discourse. Therefore, this purification/victimization discourse is the result of public facts that victims' testimonies have been recognized socially by the efforts of TRC. In addition, it also can be understood as a sort of ‘learned memories or testimonies'.

However, the maximization of P/V discourse which emphasizes on unilateral sacrifice or damage resulted in elimination or peripheralization of dissatisfaction and resistance discourse. These mean that previous resistance discourse or resistance memory could not be included in the public realm through the institutionalization, or only be remained in peripheral sector.

The bereaved families' truth-telling behavior about their experiences and past in spite of dangers and difficulties can be considered as struggle for restoration of their world which was broken and distorted by the state violence. The testimony or truth-telling is the formation process of their counter-narririve in the public domain.

Generally, TRC was perceived as a way for coordination of the memories between victims and perpetrators. This is similar to the role of other countries' TRC that was the conduits of collective memory, or form of remembering past violence. This was also the formation process of new collective memory. In this process, TRC was served as a stage for mutual competitions and conflicts of various memories between victims and perpetrators, the persons who wanted to remember and the persons who wanted to forget. The testimonies and statements in TRC were so called the process of struggle among hostile memories. Besides, they functioned as the reformation of collective memory through the revealing of diverse and mutual conflicted memories.

The public memory as a new collective memory has been more increased by the institutionalization of memory. This is a sort of ‘institutionalized memory’ of civilian genocide. However, this institutionalization of remembering has the possibility of the pressure against the peripheral memory (so called, resistance memory) as the name of reconciliation and integration of nation. Furthermore, it also has the possibility of making memory and history from the above.

참고문헌 (81건) : 자료제공( 네이버학술정보 )

참고문헌 목록에 대한 테이블로 번호, 참고문헌, 국회도서관 소장유무로 구성되어 있습니다.
번호 참고문헌 국회도서관 소장유무
1 「진실화해를위한과거사정리기본법」(법률 제7542호, 2005.5.31. 제정), 제23조(진실규명 조사방법) 미소장
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3 진실화해위원회, 2007, 『조사매뉴얼』 미소장
4 진실화해위원회, 2007.11.13, 「제주예비검속사건(섯알오름) 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
5 진실화해위원회, 2008.6.24, 「해남군 민간인희생사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
6 진실화해위원회, 2008.7.17, 「구례지역 여순사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
7 진실화해위원회, 2008.10.21, 「남원지역 민간인희생사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
8 진실화해위원회, 2008.11.4, 「청원국민보도연맹사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
9 진실화해위원회, 2008.12.24, 「순창지역 민간인희생사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
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11 진실화해위원회, 2009.1.7, 「순천지역 여순사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
12 진실화해위원회, 2009.3.16, 「전남지역(담양•장성•화순•영광) 11사단사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
13 진실화해위원회, 2009.9.15, 「경북영천 국민보도연맹사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
14 진실화해위원회, 2009.11, 「국민보도연맹사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
15 진실화해위원회, 2009.11, 「호남지역 군 작전중 발생한 민간인희생사건」 미소장
16 진실화해위원회, 2009.11.10, 「거창•산청 •함양 국민보도연맹사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
17 진실화해위원회, 2009.12.29, 「영천 민간인희생사건 진실규명 결정서」 미소장
18 진실화해위원회, 2010.4.13, 「영광지역 민간인희생사건 진실규명결정 및 불능결정서」 미소장
19 권귀숙, 2006, 『기억의 정치 : 대량학살의 사회적 기억과 역사적 진실』, 문학과지성사 미소장
20 김경학 외 저, 2005, 『전쟁과 기억 : 마을 공동체의 생애사』, 한울 미소장
21 김동춘, 2005, 『전쟁과 사회』, 돌베개 미소장
22 Institutionalization of Liquidation of the Past and the Integration Line for People of Korea 소장
23 김영범, 1998, 「집합기억의 사회사적 지평과 동학」, 한국정신문화연구원 편, 『사회사연구의 이론과 실제』 미소장
24 A Study on Maurice HalbWachs' Sociology of Memory 소장
25 From Memory to Countermemory, or Recovery of the Historical Truth : Cultural-Representation- of?4.3 Movement as a Memory Struggle 소장
26 민간인 피학살자 유족회의 결성과정과 유족의 역사인식에 대한 연구 : 경북 청도지역의 사례를 중심으로 소장
27 박찬식, 2008, 『4·3과 제주역사』, 각 미소장
28 윤택림, 2004, 『인류학자의 과거여행 - 한 빨갱이 마을의 역사를 찾아서』, 역사비평사 미소장
29 윤택림·함한희 지음, 2006, 『새로운 역사쓰기를 위한 구술사 연구방법론』, 아르케 미소장
30 마을에서의 한국전쟁 경험과 그 기억 : 경기도의 한 '모스크바'마을 사례를 중심으로 소장
31 Koeran War Experience and Communal Memory in Youngam Gurim Villages 소장
32 표인주 외 저, 2003, 『전쟁과 사람들 : 아래로부터의 전쟁연구』, 한울 미소장
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34 Transitional Justice and Realization of Democracy 소장
35 Grand national narratives and the project of truth commissions: a comparative analysis 네이버 미소장
36 In the Age of Testimony: The Stolen Generations Narrative, ``Distance,'' and Public History 네이버 미소장
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39 Trust in Testimony: The Institutional Embeddedness of Holocaust Survivor Narratives 네이버 미소장
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42 Truth-Telling as Talking Cure? Insecurity and Retraumatization in the Rwandan Gacaca Courts 네이버 미소장
43 The Trauma of Truth Telling: Effects of Witnessing in the Rwandan Gacaca Courts on Psychological Health 네이버 미소장
44 Reciting the Self: Narrative Representations of the Self in Qualitative Interviews 네이버 미소장
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47 Trauma and Testimony 네이버 미소장
48 Testimonial Encounter 네이버 미소장
49 Justice beyond Blame 네이버 미소장
50 Turning up the Volume: Dialogues about Memory Create Oral Histories 네이버 미소장
51 Unspeakable Pasts as Limit Events: The Holocaust, Genocide, and the Stolen Generations 네이버 미소장
52 Gittins Diana, 1998. “Silences : The Case of a Psychiatric Hospital”, Chamberlain Mary and Thompson Paul Richard(eds.), 1998. Narrative and Genre, London : Routledge 미소장
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59 Archival Memory: Representations of the Holocaust in Oral Testimony 네이버 미소장
60 Holocaust Testimony, Ethics, and the Problem of Representation 네이버 미소장
61 Langer Lawrence L., 1991. Holocaust Testimonies : The Ruins of Memory, New Haven : Yale Univ. Press 미소장
62 Truth with Consequences: Justice and Reparations in Post-Truth Commission Peru 네이버 미소장
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64 On Holocaust Testimony and Its “Reception” within Its Own Frame, as a Process in Its Own Right:A Response to “Between History and Psychoanalysis” by Thomas Trezise 네이버 미소장
65 Lundy Patricia and McGovern Mark, 2006. “'You understand Again' : Testimony and Post-Conflict Transition in the North of Ireland”, Perks Robert and Thomson Alistair(eds.), 2006, The Oral History Reader(Second Edition), New York : Routledge 미소장
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68 Minow Martha, 1998. Between Vengeance and Forgiveness : Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence, Boston : Beacon Press 미소장
69 The Mute Always Speak: On Women’s Silences at the Truth and Reconciliation Commission 네이버 미소장
70 Shame, Guilt, and Anguish in Holocaust Survivor Testimony 네이버 미소장
71 Osiel Mark, 1997. Mass Atrocity, Collective Memory and Law, Transaction Publishers 미소장
72 On having Voice and Being Heard 네이버 미소장
73 What next? The aftermath of organised truth telling 네이버 미소장
74 Testimony: Beyond the Language of Truth 네이버 미소장
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77 ORAL HISTORY SOCIETY AGM 네이버 미소장
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79 Testimony as Oral History: Lessons from South Africa 네이버 미소장
80 Wood Nancy, 1999. Vectors of Memory : Legacies of Trauma in Postwar Europe, Oxford : Berg 미소장
81 NARRATIVE AND HEALING IN THE HEARINGS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION 네이버 미소장