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In Kozintsev's Hamlet (1964) and King Lear (1970) plot, characters, sounds, images, and mise-en-scène are saturated in a Slavic sensibility made up of Boris Pasternak's translation of Shakespeare script and Dmitri Shostakovich's orchestral score. With black and white photography, two films are shot in epic 70㎜ wide-screen Sovscope, which allows the colossal scale of action in the rhythmic interchange of solemnity and anxiety. Through recurring key imageries of fire, sea, and stones, he creates moral landscapes for his two films. More than anything else, a mass of human beings on the move achieves extraordinary power and physically tensed rhythm.

Kozintsev's Hamlet portrays the conflict-ridden tragic hero who does not find himself on the border between life and death and between sanity and insanity. His refusal to sit on the throne to become monarch as he dies suggests ironical heroism. Opening image returns in the end, yet the cyclical structure of the film bears the contradictoriness of both Hamlet and the larger historical pattern.

In King Lear Kozintsev's strategy achieves the effect which makes Shakespeare's tragic vision grow to span generations and an entire social order. Although the world of King Lear portrays the disastrous effects of division, dissolution, and disintegration, Kozintsev sheds hopeful light on the human condition with a potential of social renewal. His ethical optimism protests against the cyclical view of life without possibility of change.

In the two films Kozintsev searches for more concrete reality and a deeper structure in order to find the inner connections between people, nature, and history itself. Whereas Kozintsev's Hamlet conveys the tragic vision which suggests the tragic hero's noble spirit sealed in history, the narrative of King Lear cannot be separated from the tracing of the historical process.

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1 Buhler, Stephen M. Shakespeare in the Cinema: Ocular Proof. Albany: State U of New York P, 2002. 미소장
2 Forsyth, Neil. “Shakespeare the illusionist: filming the supernatural.” The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film. Ed. Russell Jackson. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. 미소장
3 Guntner, J. Lawrence. “Hamlet, Macbeth and King Lear on Film.” The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film. Ed. Russell Jackson. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. 미소장
4 Hattaway, Micahel, Borika Sokolova, Derek Roper, Eds. Shakespeare in the New Europe. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic P, 1995. 미소장
5 Hodgdon, Barbara. “Kozintsev’s King Lear: Filming a Tragic Poem.” Literature/ Film Quarterly 5.4 (1977): 291-98. 미소장
6 Holland, Peter. “Two-dimensional Shakespeare: King Lear on Film.” Shakespeare and the Moving Images: the plays on film and television. Eds. Anthony Davis and Stanley Wells. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994. pp.50-68. 미소장
7 Jorgens, Jack J. “Grigori Kozintsev's Hamlet.” Shakespeare on Film. Lanham: UP of America, 1991. 미소장
8 Jorgens, Jack J. “King Lear : Peter Brook and Grigori Kozintsev.” Shakespeare on Film. Lanham: UP of America, 1991. 미소장
9 Kliman, Bernice W. “Kozintsev’s Hamlet: A Flawed Masterpiece.” Hamlet Studies 1.2 (Oct. 1979): 117-28. 미소장
10 Kliman, Bernice W. ‘Hamlet’: Film, Television and Audio Performance. Cranbury, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP, 1988. 미소장
11 Kozintsev, Grigori. Shakespeare, Time and Conscience. New York: Hill & Wang, 1966. 미소장
12 Kozintsev, Grigori. “Hamlet and King Lear: Stage and Film.” Shakespeare 1971. Eds. C. Leech and J. Margeson. Toronto: Toronto UP, 1972. 미소장
13 Kozintsev, Grigori. King Lear: The Space of Tragedy: The Diary of a Film Director. Trans. Mary Mackintosh. Berkeley: U of California P, 1977. 미소장
14 Manvell, Roger. Shakespeare and the Film. Worthing: Littlehampton Book Services, 1971. 미소장
15 Rothwell, Kenneth. “Representing ‘KING LEAR’ on Screen.” Shakespeare and the Moving Images: the plays on film and television. Eds. Anthony Davis and Stanley Wells. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994. 미소장
16 Shakespeare et les Contes sans fin du mal 네이버 미소장
17 Stanley Wells. “Other Shakespeares: translation and expropriation.” A History of Shakespeare on Screen: A Century of Film and Television. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1999. 미소장
18 Sokolyansky, Mark. “Grigori Kozintsev's Hamlet and King Lear.” The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Film. Ed. Russell Jackson. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2000. 미소장
19 Taylor, Niel. “The Films of ‘Hamlet.’” Shakespeare and the Moving Image: the plays on film and television. Eds. Anthony Davis and Stanley Wells. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1994. 미소장
20 Turner, Frederick. Shakespeare and the Nature of Time. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1971. 미소장
21 Welsh, James M. “To See It Feelingly: King Lear Through Russian Eyes.” Literature/ Film Quarterly 4.2 (1976): 153-58. 미소장