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自≪般若?≫、≪本??≫、特?是≪十地?≫在中土??出?之后,表?大乘菩?道的?容和修行?位的“十地”思想就在中?佛?界流???。??“十地”的?涵,以及“十地”?念?“十住”、“五忍(四忍)”、“法身”和“?悟”等?念之?的???系,中?南北朝佛?界有?多??。透??些??,我?可以看到,在??,“十地”?念?“佛性”“一乘”等?念一?,是??佛?界所?心的焦点??之一。

在≪十地??≫?出(公元516年)之后,由于地?宗的??,?于“十地”?念的解?代不乏人。但在≪十地??≫?出之前,中?佛?界又是如何理解“十地”?念的??以往由于材料的?如,我?只能在≪涅槃?集解≫等著作中?到零星材料,看不到?于“十地”的??完整的?述。??情??着≪敦煌秘?≫的?世有所改?。在≪敦煌秘?≫271?“不知?佛???”的卷二中,有“中寺法安法?解十地?”的?容。 ?段?容?有法安?“十地”?的直接?述,也有?其他法?之?的往???,比?完整地??了法安?于“十地”的思想,是我?了解五世?末南朝佛?“十地”思想的重要?料。

根据≪高僧???法安?≫的??,中寺法安法?(451-496年)出生在北朝,早年曾?事白?寺慧光,精于佛性?,卓有才名。后在湘州(今湖南省一代)、番?(今??省)等地??。永明年(484-493)中,住建?(今南京市)的中寺,?≪涅槃?≫、≪?摩?≫、≪十地?≫和≪成??≫,?著≪?名??疏≫、≪十地??疏≫和≪僧?≫五卷。??些僧?材料可以看出,法安是??活?于南北朝的??高僧。?法安?≪十地?≫?著≪十地??疏≫看,他?≪十地?≫有??的?究。其所著≪十地?疏≫?然已?不存,但?“中寺法安法?解十地?”的?容中可以??其“十地”思想的?要。

除了法安法?,在“中寺法安法?解十地?”的部分?出?了?味?亮法?、?垣惠令法?、?基光泰法?、天安智藏法?等名字。其中,?亮和智藏,分?在≪高僧?≫和≪?高僧?≫中有其??,根据??的?料,他?在?≪涅槃?≫的同?,也?≪十地?≫,智藏似乎?曾著≪十地?≫?疏。 ?法安??些法?的??中,我?也可以看出?些法?是如何理解“十地”的。

以下,以法安的“解十地?”?中心,?南朝的“十地”思想略作考察,??一??面?中?早期??思想的特征略作?括。

Fa An’s interpretation of the ten bh?mi -s reflects the Fayan thoughts in China at the end of the fifth century. The meaning of the ten bh?mi-s that Fa-an explained consists of three aspects: ten bh?mis with defilements, with wisdom, and with enlightenment (abandonment of defilements). With regard to defilements, Fa-an considered that a practitioner had to counteract delusions of seeing, delusions of thinking and hypostatic ignorance distinctively in the tem bh?mis. According to the Treatise on the Buddha nature and so on, these defilements should be counteracted by arhats. This illustrates that the essence of cultivation as what Fa-an understood in the ten bh?mis includes bodhisattvas of mah?y?na and arhats of Hinay?na and so on. With regard to wisdom, Fa-an maintained that a practitioner could obtain Yiren依忍(ksanti), Shun-ren?忍, wusheng- fale-ren无生法?忍 and anutpattika-dharma-ksanti in the ten bh?mis respectively. His interpretation of the four k?antis was influenced by the five k?antis in the Prajn?p?ramit?-s?tra, the wusheng-fale-ren is only created by Fa-an alone, reflecting Fa-an’s understanding the ten bh?mis through meditation on ?u?nyat?. With regard to englitenment, Fa-an thought that although a practitioner might obtain anutpattika- dharma-ksanti in the eightth bh?mi and his defilemesnt would not emerge again, the root of defilements i.e. non-wisdom still existed, so it was not enlightenment. It was only that when the root of defilements had completely been abandoned in the tenth bh?mi, enlightenment could be achieved. In the view of Chinese Buddhist thought history, the views of Fa-an and that of Kum?rajiva and Dao-sheng道生 and so on are similar.

참고문헌 (8건) : 자료제공( 네이버학술정보 )

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번호 참고문헌 국회도서관 소장유무
1 ∙山田龍城 大乗仏教成立史論序説 (平楽寺書店、1959年)。 미소장
2 ∙荒牧典俊 「十地思想の成立と展開」(新装版․講座大乗仏教、3、 華厳思想 、春秋社、1983年、79-120頁)。 미소장
3 ∙須佐晋龍 「華厳経十地品の研究-初歓喜地を中心として-」( 現代仏 教 1月号、1930年)。 미소장
4 ∙木村清孝 華厳経 (筑摩書房、1986年)の「解説」。 미소장
5 ∙木村清孝 「漢訳 菩薩十地経 考―同系統の二経との比較考察―」(国際仏教学大学院大学研究紀要、第12号、2008年) 미소장
6 ∙水野弘元 「菩薩十地説の発展について」( 印度学仏教学研究 通号 2、1953年) 미소장
7 地の思想の発達と三乗共通の十地 네이버 미소장
8 ∙池田宗譲 「南朝仏教における十地学の傾向」( 山家学会紀要 通号3、2000年) 미소장