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“A New England Nun” is considered Mary E. Wilkins Freeman’s most representative work. Though she wrote numerous short stories, this one particularly serves as a marker of how scholarly views of Freeman’s literary disposition have been formulated. Freeman first earned her reputation as one of the bestselling female local-color writers who dominated the American literary market in the latter half of the 19th century. But she was soon forgotten during the burgeoning American literary scholarship in the early twentieth century that eventually constructed a white-male-centered canon of national literature. Freeman was rescued out of obscurity and included in the tradition of women’s literature by feminist critics in the 1980s and ’90s. Since then, Freeman has been a household name of proto-feminist scholarship by virtue of her portrayal of unmarried or widowed women’s quiet yet radical pursuit of independence and freedom despite the patriarchal surroundings of hyper-conservative New England rural areas.

Feminist critics contend that they have rediscovered her significance by means of so-called ‘literary regionalism,’ which proposes that 19th-century American women writers created an alternative ‘region’ of women’s own apart from androcentric society. That criticism is supposed to be a backlash against earlier dismissal of Freeman’s work as too localized, too domestic, and thus too feminine. However, it commits one and the same misunderstanding as local-color criticism of Freeman’s authorial intention, which in fact attempts to combine the local and the feminine and suggest her own regionalism. This essay aims to prove that intention by reading “A New England Nun” anew as a story of the ‘New England witch,’ which was an extremely popular literary icon throughout the 19th century that functioned to contain the undesirable—that is, un-Protestant and un-patriarchal—aspects of America and label them as the nation’s long-gone past. Such reading will help us comprehend Freeman’s keen perception of the much more complex and dynamic realities of New England at the time that were full of energies to lead the modernization of the relationship between individuality and community as well as locality and nationality.

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기사명 저자명 페이지 원문 목차
『추락』에서 신뢰할 수 없는 화자가 전하는 서사 뒤집기 = Overturning the narrative described by an unreliable narrator in Disgrace 강윤숙 p. 5-22

『팔월의 빛』에 생성된 레나의 욕망과 유목적 주체성 : Lena's desire and nomadic female subjectivity in Light in August : libido beyond the incest / 근친상간을 넘어서는 리비도 김기현 p. 23-50

호주 식민역사의 상징 토끼 울타리 : Rabbit-proof fence as a symbol of Australian colonial history : Doris Pilkington's Follow the Rabbit-Proof Fence / 도리스 필킹턴의 『토끼 울타리를 따라가라』 이성진 p. 51-70

『오렌지만이 과일은 아니다』에 나타난 전복적 젠더 정체성 : Subversive gender identity in Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit : on the basis of Judith Butler's queer theory / 주디스 버틀러의 퀴어이론을 중심으로 이희정 p. 71-90

마녀의 해방 : Witch unbound : Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's New England regionalism in "A New England Nun" / 『뉴잉글랜드의 수녀』에 나타난 뉴잉글랜드 지역주의 장기윤 p. 91-117

(A) study on the trauma of 'forgotten wars' during America's golden age in Toni Morrison's Home Michael Emerson Amante p. 119-150

Perpetuating the other : mourning and alterity in Sarah Ruhl's Eurydice Hyun-kyung Lee p. 151-167

초등영어 수업에서 그림책 활용 극화 활동의 효과 = Effects of dramatization activities using picture books in an elementary English class 정해지, 김혜리 p. 169-193

Likely NP 구문의 사용 = Use of likely NP construction 조영순 p. 195-215

Learners' attitudes towards English learning and online English learning in a Korean university context Young Ah Cho p. 217-239

참고문헌 (51건) : 자료제공( 네이버학술정보 )

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번호 참고문헌 국회도서관 소장유무
1 곽승엽. ｢『미국인』의 주인공 뉴먼의 의식변화｣. 『영어영문학21』 29.3 (2016): 25-45. 미소장
2 조희정. ｢생태시의 관점에서 디킨슨 다시 읽기—새를 의인화한 시들을 중심으로｣. 『영어영문학21』 31.4 (2018): 153-74. 미소장
3 Abate, Michelle Ann. “The ‘Possessed’ Reassessed: Elizabeth Stoddard’s The Morgesons, the Salem Witchcraft Hysteria and Literary (Anti)Nationalism.” ATQ 21.1 (2007): 47-65. 미소장
4 Baym. Nina. “Rewriting the Scribbling Women.” Legacy 36.1 (2019): 137-52. 미소장
5 Brodhead, Richard H. Cultures of Letters: Scenes of Reading and Writing in Nineteenth-Century America. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1993. 미소장
6 Buell, Lawrence. “American Literary Emergence as a Postcolonial Phenomenon.” American Literary History 4.3 (1992): 411-42. 미소장
7 Calabrese, Emma. “New England Regionalism’s Material Moments.” ESQ: A Journal of Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture 63.3 (2017): 397-429. 미소장
8 Campbell, Donna M. “Howells’ Untrustworthy Realist: Mary Wilkins Freeman.” American Literary Realism 38.2 (2006): 115-31. 미소장
9 Cossen, William S. “Monk in the Middle: The Awful Disclosures of the Hotel Dieu Nunnery and the Making of Catholic Identity.” American Catholic Studies 125.1 (2014): 25-45. 미소장
10 Couch, Ben. “The No-Man’s-Land of ‘A New England Nun’.” Studies in Short Fiction 35.2 (1998): 187-98. 미소장
11 Daniel, Janice. “Redefining Place: Femes Covert in the Stories of Mary Wilkins Freeman.” Studies in Short Fiction 33.1 (1996): 69-76. 미소장
12 Demos, John. “Underlying Themes in the Witchcraft of Seventeenth-Century New England.” The American Historical Review 75.5 (1970): 1311-26. 미소장
13 Elbert, Monika M. “The Displacement of Desire: Consumerism and Fetihism in Mary Wilkins Freeman’s Fiction.” Legacy 19.2 (2002): 192-215. 미소장
14 Ewell, Barbara C., and Pamela Glenn Menke. Introduction. Southern Local Color: Stories of Region, Race, and Gender. Ed. Ewell and Menke. Athens: U of Georgia P, 2002. xiii-lxvi. 미소장
15 Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins. A Humble Romance and Other Stories. New York: Harper, 1887. 미소장
16 Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins. “A New England Nun.” A New England Nun and Other Stories. New York: Harper, 1891. 1-17. 미소장
17 Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins. “A New England Nun.” Harper’s Bazaar May 7, 1887: 333-34. 미소장
18 Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins. “Two Old Lovers.” Harper’s Bazaar March 31, 1883: 198-99. 미소장
19 Fetterley, Judith. “‘Not in the Least American’: Nineteenth-Century Literary Regionalism.” College English 56.8 (1994): 877-95. 미소장
20 Fetterley, Judith, and Marjorie Pryse, eds. American Women Regionalists, 1850-1910. New York: Norton, 1992. 미소장
21 Gardner, Kate. “The Subversion of Genre in the Short Stories of Mary Wilkins Freeman.” The New England Quarterly 65.3 (1992): 447-68. 미소장
22 Glasser, Leah Blatt. “Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (1852-1930).” Legacy 4.1 (1987): 37-45. 미소장
23 Glasser, Leah Blatt. “Mary E. Wilkins Freeman: The Stranger in the Mirror.” The Massachusetts Review 25.2 (1984): 323-39. 미소장
24 Godbeer, Richard. “‘Your Wife Will Be Your Biggest Accuser’: Reinforcing Codes of Manhood at New England Witch Trials.” Early American Studies 15.3 (2017): 474-504. 미소장
25 Gould, Philip. “New England Witch-Hunting and the Politics in the Early Republic.” The New England Quarterly 68.1 (1995): 58-82. 미소장
26 Hall, David D. “Witchcraft and the Limits of Interpretation.” The New England Quarterly 58.2 (1985): 253-81. 미소장
27 Harris, Susan K. “Mary E. Wilkins Freeman’s ‘A New England Nun’ and the Dilemma of the Woman Artist.” Studies in American Humor 3.9 (2002): 27-38. 미소장
28 Hennesey, James. American Catholics: A History of the Roman Catholic Community in the United States. New York: Oxford UP, 1981. 미소장
29 Hirsch, David H. “Subdued Meaning in ‘A New England Nun’.” Studies in Short Fiction 2.2 (1965): 124-36. 미소장
30 Howells, William Dean. “Editor’s Study.” Harper’s New Monthly Magazine Sept. 1887: 638-42. 미소장
31 Hurter, Stephanie R. “Elusive or Illuminating: Using the Web to Explore the Salem Witchcraft Trials.” OAH Magazine of History 17.4 (2003): 60-61. 미소장
32 Jewett, Sarah Orne. The Country of the Pointed Firs. Boston and New York: Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1896. 미소장
33 Kaplan, Amy. “Nation, Region, and Empire.” The Columbia History of the American Novel. Ed. Emory Elliott. New York: Columbia UP, 1991. 240-66. 미소장
34 Laffrado, Laura. “Ella Rhoads Higginson, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, and Pacific Northwest Women’s Literary Regionalism.” Legacy 31.2 (2014): 281-88. 미소장
35 Lutwack, Leonard. “William Dean Howells and the ‘Editor’s Study’.” American Literature 24.2 (1952): 195-207. 미소장
36 Monk, Maria, Awful Disclosures by Maria Monk of the Hotel Dieu Nunnery of Montreal. New York: Howe & Bates, 1836. 미소장
37 Nilsen. Helge Normann. “American Women’s Literature in the Twentieth Century: A Survey of Some Feminist Trends.” American Studies in Scandinavia 22 (1990): 25-37. 미소장
38 Norton, Mary Beth. “Witchcraft in Anglo-American Colonies.” OAH Magazine of History 17.4 (2003): 5-10. 미소장
39 O’Toole, James M. “Things of the Spirit: Documenting Religion in New England.” The American Archivist 50.4 (1987): 500-17. 미소장
40 Palumbo-Desimone, Christine. “Conjuring Salem: Identity and Authority in Nineteenth-Century Women’s Storytelling.” Women’s Studies 47.4 (2018): 393-414. 미소장
41 Pryse. Marjorie. “An Uncloistered ‘New England Nun’.” Studies in Short Fiction 20 (1983): 289-95. 미소장
42 Pryse. Marjorie. “‘Distilling Essences’: Regionalism and ‘Women’ Culture’.” American Literary Realism 25.2 (1993): 1-15. 미소장
43 Reed, Rebecca Theresa. Six Months in a Convent, or, The Narrative of Rebecca Theresa Reed. Boston: Russell, Odiorne & Metcalf, 1835. 미소장
44 Reichardt, Mary R. “Mary Wilkins Freeman: One Hundred Years of Criticism.” Legacy 4.2 (1987): 31-44. 미소장
45 Reis, Elizabeth. “Confess or Deny? What’s a ‘Witch’ to Do?” OAH Magazine of History 17.4 (2003): 11-13. 미소장
46 Reis, Elizabeth. Damned Women: Sinners and Witches in Puritan New England. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1997. 미소장
47 Söderbaum, Fredrik. “Rethinking Regions and Regionalism.” Georgetown Journal of International Affairs 14.2 (2013): 9-18. 미소장
48 Tischleder, Bärbel. “Literary Interiors, Cherished Things, and Feminine Subjectivity in the Gilded Age.” ESC: English Studies in Canada 31.1 (2005): 96-117. 미소장
49 Westbrook, Perry D. “Mary E. Wilkins Freeman (1852-1930).” American Literary Realism 2.2 (1969): 139-42. 미소장
50 Winship, Michael P. “Were There Any Puritans in New England?” The New England Quarterly 74.1 (2001): 118-38. 미소장
51 Yacovazzi, Cassandra L. “‘Are You Allowed to Read the Bible in a Convent?’: Protestant Perspectives on the Catholic Approach to Scripture in Convent Narratives, 1830-1860.” U. S. Catholic Historian 31.3 (2013): 23-46. 미소장

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