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White upper middle-class Americans at the turn of the twentieth century were entrenched in a battle with a newly discovered, or invented, mental illness called neurasthenia. This essay examines the ways in which the medical discourse of neurasthenia reflected late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century white Anglo-Saxon men’s belief in, as well as anxiety over, American values bolstered by their idea of cultural, racial, and sexual superiority and consolidated through a conjunction of medicine and politics. The idea of neurasthenia as white American men’s malady functioned as a mark both of whites’ racial superiority to the “new” immigrants and African Americans as well as of women’s intellectual inferiority to the opposite sex of their own race. Imposing a subtle distortion on the etiology and diagnosis of neurasthenia and associating it with specific groups of people, the “American disease” constituted the era’s representative pathological symptoms which addressed Anglo￾Saxon American men’s anxieties about overcivilized effeminacy and racial and national decadence which was originated as a response to the racial and sexual heterogeneity.

This essay also argues that neurasthenia was an imagined disease which addressed late nineteenth-century American men’s spatial anxiety about the decline of the American pastoral ideal caused by the closure of the frontier. Given that the treatment for neurasthenic men was an escape to the frontier in the West in which they could rejuvenate withered American masculinity, their uneasiness about barbarous, unhygienic, and prolific immigrants and unruly white women, in fact, was tied to their spatial anxiety which symptomatically signifies the crisis of American masculinity. Channeled through the medical knowledge of neurology, it made American men’s racial, sexual, and spatial anxieties function to act out their racist, misogynist, nativist, and imperialist impulses which legitimized exclusionary political techniques toward the racial and sexual others such as the U.S. imperial expansion in the 1890s and 1900s and a eugenic-influenced immigration policy from the 1900s through the1920s.

In this sense, the decline of neurasthenia around 1920 should not be attributed solely to the continued efforts to professionalize American medicine accompanied by recent discoveries of chemical factors such as hormones and vitamins and the rise of psychiatry and psychology which offered physicians with a more specific theory of health built on clinical laboratory science. Like its rise, the decision to move away from the neurasthenic diagnosis was rather a cultural phenomenon, which reflected the American ascendancy to global power in the early twentieth century, particularly after the First World War. Sustaining a political order rested on racial and sexual hierarchies both within and outside the American continent, American men felt that they were no longer liable to specific, time-tested anxiety and somatic symptoms of neurasthenia, which was more an ideological and cultural construct than a clinical entity that dramatizes the racial, sexual, and imperial politics of the-turn-of-the-twentieth-century America.

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기사명 저자명 페이지 원문 목차
"Our one great national malady" : neurasthenia and American imperial and masculine anxiety at the turn of the twentieth century Jung Yeonsik p. 393-432

Concealment and disclosure : the cholera crisis of 1969-70 in Korea Sihn Kyu-hwan p. 355-392

1970-1980년대 한국 구충제 생산 기술 형성과 활용 : Localization of praziquantel production and clonorchiasis control program in Korea, 1970s~1980s / 프라지콴텔 국산화와 간흡충 관리 사업 박정제, 정준호 p. 317-354

청대 의약시장의 변화와 '가짜 약' 논란 = Changes in pharmaceutical market and “fake drug” problem in the Qing period 최지희 p. 277-315

조선후기 의관(醫官) 가문의 인원 구성과 계보적 연계 = Composition and genealogical relation network of the medical family in the late Joseon Dynasty : 『의역주팔세보(醫譯籌八世譜)』 수록 인원 분석을 중심으로 권기석 p. 221-275

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1 Newspapers 미소장
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7 Beard, George M., “Neurasthenia, or Nervous Exhaustion,” Boston Medical and Surgical Journal 3 (1869), pp. 217-221. 미소장
8 Beard, George M., A Practical Treatise on Nervous Exhaustion (Neurasthenia): Its Symptoms, Nature, Sequences, and Treatment (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1880). 미소장
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21 Proust, Achille-Adrien and Gilbert Ballet, The Treatment of Neurasthenia. 1887. Trans., Peter Campbell Smith (London: Henry Kimpton, 1902). 미소장
22 Turner, Frederick Jackson, The Frontier in American History (New York: Henry Holt, 1920). 미소장
23 Van Deusen, Edwin. H., “Observations on a Form of Nervous Prostration, (Neurasthenia,) Culminating in Insanity,” American Journal of Insanity 25 (1869), pp. 445-461. 미소장
24 Weber, Adna F., The Growth of Cities in the Nineteenth Century (New York: Columbia University Press, 1899). 미소장
25 Wright, Wade. “Industrial Hygiene,” Mental Hygiene 5 (1921), pp. 497-498. 미소장
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28 Campbell, Brad, “The Making of ‘American’: Race and Nation in Neurasthenic Discourse,” History of Psychiatry 18-2 (2007), pp. 157-178. 미소장
29 Caplan, Eric, Mind Games: American Culture and the Birth of Psychotherapy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998). 미소장
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31 Chase, Allan, The Legacy of Malthus: The Social Costs of the New Scientific Racism (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1977). 미소장
32 Daniels, Roger, Not Like Us: Immigrants and Minorities in America, 1890-1924 (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1997). 미소장
33 Foucault, Michel, The History of Sexuality, Volume 1: An Introduction. Trans., Robert Hurley (New York: Vintage, 1990). 미소장
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35 Gosling, F. G., Before Freud: Neurasthenia and the American Medical Community, 1870-1910 (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1987). 미소장
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37 Higham, John, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism 1860-1925 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1955). 미소장
38 Hirshbein, Laura D., American Melancholy: Constructions of Depression in the Twentieth Century (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2009). 미소장
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40 Humphreys, Margaret, “No Safe Place: Disease and Panic in American History,” American Literary History 14-4 (2002), pp. 845-857. 미소장
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42 Jung, Yeonsik, “A Medical Record of the Mulatto Hysteric: Racial and Sexual Politics in Gertrude Stein’s ‘Melanctha’,” English Studies 42-4 (2017), pp. 426-441. 미소장
43 Kaplan, Amy, “Romancing the Empire: The Embodiment of American Masculinity in the Popular Historical Novel of the 1890s,” American Literary History 2-4 (1990), pp. 659-690. 미소장
44 King, Desmond, Making Americans: Immigration, Race, and the Origins of the Diverse Democracy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002). 미소장
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