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North China's rural society is considered as a very typical rural areas, characterized by low agricultural productivity and scarce land. The majority of farmers relied on small plots of land for their livelihood, with independent farmers constituting the vast majority within the agricultural class. Wealthy farmers mostly hired short-term and long-term workers for cultivation instead of offering tenancy. This led to difficulties in acquiring land for many farmers, resulting in an increase in short-term and long-term work near villages or resulting in rural migration of engaging in non-agricultural occupations. The socio-economic conditions, underdeveloped transportation, and low degree of commercialization in North China's rural areas influenced the formation of specific characteristics within rural families, including a higher proportion of large families compared to South China.

In the pre-modern period, North China rural families had an economic community structure that unified income and consumption, known as ‘Common Property of Cohabitants’. Family members contributed their income to a common account, which they used together and accumulated the rest as additional property. ‘Common Property of Cohabitants’ was run by the head of the family. The most important job of the head of the family was to manage and distribute income and consumption. In particular, the head of the family held an absolute position in the ‘Large family’ because they had the authority to manage and operate property, such as land and houses, which were directly related to the survival of family members.

Male blood relatives held shares in the common property and contributed to its formation and growth, while women held subordinate positions and did not directly contribute to the property's development. In addition, the system of ‘Common Property of Cohabitants’ had the principle that all income from labor was attributed to the common account, while a small amount of income obtained free of charge, not as a return for labor, was not included and belonged to the individual.

The ‘Common Property of Cohabitants’ was a structure in which all the income of the family members was handed over to the head of the family, and when necessary, it was received from the head of the family. When consuming, it was paid according to necessity regardless of the contribution of the family. The remaining income was accumulated in property and distributed equally to the brothers at the time of property division. This principle was extended even when a family member moved to another place and took another job.

However, gradually there were cases where these principles were not followed. For instance, individuals could use the money to purchase land in another region or retain a portion of the income instead of sending the entire amount to the family. This change indicates that the socio-economic transformations that occurred in North China during 1930s and 1940s also influenced the internal operation of the traditional ‘Common Property of Cohabitants’ system. It also seems to be related to the fact that the concept of rights to personal property was formed with the enforcement of the Civil Law. Although it cannot be said that these legal changes caused immediate changes in North china rural families, it seems to have shaken at least the traditional ‘Common Property of Cohabitants’ principle.

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기사명 저자명 페이지 원문 목차
독립운동과 중국유학 = Independence movement and studying in China : a focus on Korean students at the Nanking Theological Seminary : 金陵神學(院)의 韓人 유학생을 중심으로 윤은자 p. 1-32

난징 국민정부시기 '네이션' 담론 탈구축하기 = Formation and deconstruction of ‘nation’ during the Nanjing National Government : focused on 『Sanminzhuyi』 textbooks from 1927 to 1932 : 1927~1932년 『三民主義敎科書』를 중심으로 윤숙현 p. 33-54

1930-40년대 중국 화북농촌 가정의 '同居共財' 구조와 운영 = The structure and operation of rural families' 'Common Property of Cohabitants' in North China during the 1930s and 1940s 손승희 p. 55-92

참고문헌 (49건) : 자료제공( 네이버학술정보 )

참고문헌 목록에 대한 테이블로 번호, 참고문헌, 국회도서관 소장유무로 구성되어 있습니다.
번호 참고문헌 국회도서관 소장유무
1 中國世界經濟情報 미소장
2 民間 미소장
3 社會科學 미소장
4 社會學界 미소장
5 東方雜誌 미소장
6 政治月刊 미소장
7 最高法院民事判例匯刊 미소장
8 農情報告 미소장
9 滿鐵調査月報 미소장
10 岳純之點校, 唐律疏議 , 上海古籍出版社, 2013. 미소장
11 懷效鋒點校, 大明律 , 遼瀋書社, 1990. 미소장
12 中國農村慣行調査刊行會編, 中國農村慣行調査 (1)-(6), 岩波書店, 1952-58. 미소장
13 郭衛, 大理院判決例全書 , 成文出版社, 1972. 미소장
14 前南京國民政府司法行政部編, 民事習慣調査報告錄 (1930), 中國政法大學出版社, 2005. 미소장
15 李景漢編著, 定縣社會槪況調査 , 上海人民出版社, 2005. 미소장
16 손승희, 중국의 가정, 민간계약문서로 엿보다-분가와 상속 , 학고방, 2018. 미소장
17 손승희, 중국의 근대, ‘가정’으로 보다 , 인터북스, 2022. 미소장
18 니이다 노보루(仁井田陞) 지음, 박세민･임대희 옮김, 중국법제사연구(가족법) , 서경문화사, 2013. 미소장
19 마저리 울프 지음, 문옥표 엮음, 지연된 혁명‒중국사회주의하의 여성생활 , 한울, 1988. 미소장
20 페이샤오퉁(費孝通) 저, 張暎碩 옮김, 鄕土中國 , 비봉출판사, 2011. 미소장
21 費孝通, 江村經濟-中國農民的生活 , 中華書局香港分局, 1987. 미소장
22 李金錚, 近代中國鄕村社會經濟探微 , 人民出版社, 2004. 미소장
23 杜贊奇(Prasenjit Duara)著, 王福明譯, 文化, 權力與國家: 1900-1942年的華北農村 , 江蘇人民出版社, 2010. 미소장
24 馬若孟(Ramon H. Myers), 中國農民經濟-河北和山東的農民發展, 1890~1949 , 江蘇人民出版社, 1999. 미소장
25 黃宗智(Philip C.C. Huang), 華北的小農經濟與社會變遷 , 中華書局, 2000. 미소장
26 仁井田陞, 中國の農村家族 , 東京大學出版會, 1966. 미소장
27 滋賀秀三, 中国家族法の原理 , 創文社, 1981. 미소장
28 祁建民, 中國における社會結合と國家權力-近現代華北農村の政治社會構造 , 御茶の水書房, 2006. 미소장
29 Arthur P. Wolf and Chieh-shan Huang, Marriage and Adoption in China, 1845-1945, Stanford University Press, 1980. 미소장
30 Deborah Davis, Stevan Harrell, Chinese Families in the Post-Mao Era, University of California Press, 1993. 미소장
31 Myron L. Cohen, House United, House Divided, Columbia University Press, 1976. 미소장
32 Yunxiang Yan, Private Life Under Socialism: Love, Intimacy and Family Change in a Chinese Village, 1949-1999, Stanford University Press, 2003. 미소장
33 강경락, ｢世界經濟恐慌時期 華北市場과 中國農村-河北과 山東 지역을 중심으로｣, 중국근현대사연구 18(2003). 미소장
34 강경락, ｢1920-30년대 農産物 商品化와 華北農村｣, 동양사학연구 64(1998). 미소장
35 강경락, ｢1920-30年代 華北農村社會의 變化｣, 중국현대사연구 5(1998) 미소장
36 박세민, ｢전통 중국사회에서의 가족과 가산‒ 니이다 노보루와 시가 슈조 사이의 논쟁을 중심으로｣, 법사학연구 62(2020). 미소장
37 손승희, ｢청･민국시기 산서지역의 分家와 상속 현실-分書를 중심으로｣, 동양사학연구 140(2017). 미소장
38 손승희, ｢중화민국 민법의 제정과 전통 ‘家産制’의 변화｣, 동양사학연구 151(2020). 미소장
39 王躍生, ｢十八世紀中後期的中國家庭結構｣, 中國社會科學 , 2000-2. 미소장
40 王躍生, ｢華北農村家庭結構變動硏究-立足於冀南地區的分析｣, 中國社會科學 , 2003-4. 미소장
41 王躍生, ｢近代之前家, 戶及其功能異動探討-基于制度的分析｣, 社會科學 , 2016-12. 미소장
42 王躍生, ｢20世紀30年代前後中國農村家庭結構分析｣, 社會科學 , 2019-1. 미소장
43 王躍生, ｢民國以來中國家庭, 家戶和家硏究狀況回顧與思考｣, 史學集刊 , 2022-4. 미소장
44 兪江, ｢論分家習慣與家的整體性-對滋賀秀三 中國家族法原理 的批評｣, 政法論壇 , 2006-1. 미소장
45 費孝通, ｢論中國家庭結構的變動｣, 天津社會科學 , 1982-3. 미소장
46 費孝通, ｢三論中國家庭結構的變動｣, 北京大學學報 , 1986-3. 미소장
47 傅建成, ｢二十世紀上半期華北農村家庭生活費用分配結構分析｣, 中國農史 , 1994-3. 미소장
48 傅建成, ｢20世紀上半期中國農村族田問題及中共政策分析｣, 咸陽師範專科學校學報 , 2000-4 미소장
49 劉是今, ｢論民國時期農村家庭制度的變遷｣, 靑年社會科學 , 2003-4. 미소장

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