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본 논문은 북한에서 진행 가능한 체제전환의 요건들과 체제전환의 가능성 및 방향성에 대해서 개괄적으로 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이와 더불어 북한이 사실상 핵보유를 상황으로 진입하면서 현재의 북한체제가 당분간 존속할 지에 대해서도 논의하고 있다. 이를 통해 북한체제 붕괴는 기본적으로 내부에서부터 이루어질 가능성이 높고, 체제전환은 기존체계의 두 기둥인 수령 절대주의와 조선로동당 독재체제의 붕괴가 선행할 때 가능하며, 기존 체제 붕괴 이후의 체제전환은 과거 소련과 동유럽에서 나타났던 것과 다른 유형의 것으로 될 수 있는 가능성에 주목하고 있다. 우선 북한의 핵보유 상황은 정권의 변동에 관계없이 유지될 것이기에 한국은 북한 급변사태 시 미국을 위시한 국제사회와 공조하여 핵무기를 통제하거나 제거하는 방법을 취해야 한다. 또한 북한에게는 한국이라는 이웃에 위치한 동족이 체제전환을 위해 절대적 지원을 할 수 있지만, 체제전환의 성공 여부는 스스로 의지를 가지고 적극적으로 실천할 때만 가능한 것임을 자각하는 데서 출발해야 한다. 북한은 다른 나라의 경험과 달리 시민사회가 사실상 전무한 현실에서 처음부터 출발해야 하는 처지에 놓일 것이다. 또한 북한의 체제전환은 시간이 오래 걸리고, 험난한 과정을 거칠 가능성이 높다는 점도 전제해야 한다. 한국은 시민사회를 중심으로 북한 주민과 엘리트들에게 민주시민교육을 할 수 있는 기회를 만들고, 북한 스스로 체제전환의 고비를 넘을 수 있도록 준비해야 한다. 동시에 북한의 체제전환에 대한 준비태세도 중요하지만, 우리 내부에서의 결속을 다져 나가는 노력이 절실히 요구되는데, 이를 위해서는 한반도 안보에 대한 인식을 철저히 하면서 우리 사회 구성원들이 헌법적 가치를 준수하도록 확고하게 사회질서를 잡아나가야 한다.
This paper aims to outline the requirements for the possible system transition in North Korea, the possibility and direction of the system transition. In addition, as North Korea enters a situation where it possesses nuclear weapons, it is also discussing whether the current North Korean system will survive for the time being. Through this, the collapse of the North Korean system is likely to take place from the inside. The transition is possible when the two pillars of the existing system, leader absolutism and the collapse of the Worker's Party of Korea's dictatorship, and the possibility that the transition after the collapse of the existing system could be different types from those in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. First of all, North Korea's nuclear possession situation will be maintained regardless of regime change, so South Korea should take measures to control or eliminate nuclear weapons in cooperation with the international community, including the United States, in the event of a contingency in North Korea. In addition, North Korea should start by realizing that its neighbor, South Korea, can provide unlimited support for the transition. However, the success of the transition is only possible if it is actively carried out with its own will. Compare to other countries experiences, North Korea will be in a position to start from scratch with virtually no civil society. It should also be premised that North Korea's transition to the regime takes a long time and will likely go through a rough process. Therefore, South Korea should create opportunities to educate North Koreans and elites about democratic citizenship, centering on civil society, and prepare for North Korea to overcome the crisis of regime change on its own. At the same time, North Korea's readiness for regime change is essential. However, efforts to strengthen solidarity within South Korea are urgently needed, which requires strengthening security education and firmly establishing social order so that members of our society comply with constitutional values.번호 | 참고문헌 | 국회도서관 소장유무 |
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