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This article surveyed native Japanese speakers (university students) on how they decline dinner invitations and analyzed their responses, focusing on relationship intimacy levels and refusal situations. Three main aspects were examined: 1) the use of the phrase “Chotto...” as an ambiguous refusal expression without providing reasons or conclusions, 2) whether reasons are provided when declining, and 3) differences in refusal strategies based on relationship dynamics and situations.

Primarily, the phrase “Chotto...” was revealed that individuals sometimes used it to decline invitations when they were not previously committed and simply did not wish to attend, particularly when they were not close. Subsequently, upon analyzing whether individuals provided reasons for their refusals, it was observed that a high percentage of respondents cited reasons regardless of the situation or relationship closeness. Previous research and the findings of this study indicate that providing reasons for refusal is viewed favorably by both native Japanese speakers and learners. Furthermore, when individuals declined without stating a reason, there was a high prevalence of apologizing, irrespective of relationship dynamics or situational context, which is considered a stereotypical response to refusal. Lastly, an analysis was conducted to determine if the method of refusal varied depending on relationship dynamics and situations. Results confirmed differences in refusal strategies, particularly when declining invitations from close friends.

Based on the aforementioned findings, when teaching Korean students learning Japanese the refusal expression “Chotto...”, it is imperative to develop a nuanced teaching approach rather than addressing it superficially.

本稿は、日本語母語話者(大学生)を対象に、食事に誘われた際にどのように断るのか、というアンケートを行い、その回答を分析・考察した。友人関係である場合の親疎関係および、断る際の状況に焦点を絞り、1)断る際に「ちょっと…」という理由や結論のない曖昧な断り表現を実際に使用しているのか、2)母語話者が断る際の理由の有無、3)親疎関係や状況によって断り方に異同が見られるのか、という3点について分析を行った。

まず、断る際の「ちょっと…」という表現については、先約はないが行きたくないという状況で、特に相手と親しくない関係においてのみ「断り」として使用することがあるという結果となった。次に、断る際に理由を言うのか否かという点については、状況や親疎関係に係わらず、理由を述べる割合が全体的に高いことが分かった。これまでの先行研究や今回の結果から、理由を述べて断ることは母語話者・学習者の両者にとって好ましい対応であることが示唆された。さらに、理由を述べずに断る場合、「詫び」が親疎関係や状況に係わらず割合が高く、断る際の一種の定型表現になっているということが分かった。最後に、親疎関係や状況によって断り方が異なるのかという点については、特に親しい友人に対して断る際に、状況によって断り方の違いがあることが確認できた。

これらより、「ちょっと…」という断り表現を韓国人学習者に対して指導する際には、安易に断り表現として扱うのではなく、指導法についての工夫が必要であるといえる。

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