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This study investigates the effects of speech accommodation and gender on English vowel production in sentence contexts among Korean English learners and native speakers. Twenty Korean university students and ten native English speakers participated in the experiment. Participants were required to produce sentences containing both tense vowels (/i/, /u/) and lax vowels (/ɪ/, /ʊ/). The experiment was conducted in two stages: a baseline stage where participants produced sentences without the model talker's voice and a shadowing stage where they imitated the model talker's voice. The results indicated that vowel production adjustments occurred in both groups at the sentence level, but the patterns differed between Korean learners and native speakers. Korean learners exhibited a general tendency towards convergence for most vowels, whereas native speakers showed divergence for /i/, maintenance for /ɪ/, and convergence for /u/ and /ʊ/. Regarding the model talker's gender, Korean learners generally showed more convergence, with male learners exhibiting a stronger degree of convergence than female learners, particularly towards the female model talker. In contrast, native speakers exhibited gender-differentiated patterns, with male speakers tending towards divergence and female speakers towards convergence, responding more strongly to the male model talker. These gender-specific accommodation differences were primarily observed with back vowels. This study provides valuable insights and important implications into the sociophonetic dynamics of second language acquisition.
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