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Among the literary works of ancient Mesopotamia, the Epic of Gilgamesh is the one whose formative history is best traced. The earliest known ‘later’ or ‘canonical’ version dates from the 7th century BCE, but its prototype can be traced back to the Old Babylonian period. So how did the Old Babylonian version of the Epic of Gilgamesh come to be written? Even before Sumerian poems of Gilgamesh were known, scholars believed that its origins could be traced back to Sumerian times. In fact, the publication of Sumerian poems of Gilgamesh in the early 20th century spurred research into the relationship between the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Sumerian poems. While many scholars agree that the Sumerian poems serve as the “source material” for the Akkadian epic, they are skeptical about the existence of a Sumerian epic that utilizes the Sumerian poems of Gilgamesh.

This essay aims to critically examine that consensus and explore the possibility of the existence of a Sumerian version of the Epic of Gilgamesh. To this end, I will present an alternative interpretation of the evidence presented by scholars who deny the existence of the Sumerian epic, as well as Bing’s research on the traces of the Sumerian epic hidden within the Gilgamesh epic. For example, doxologies, which have been presented as evidence for the independence of the Sumerian poems, point to the end of an oral performance and do not negate the possibility that the story is part of a larger narrative. Also, according to Bing, the theological and thematic contradictions in the Gilgamesh epic hint at traces of the Sumerian epic. The above discussion suggests that it is possible that Sumerian epics existed, at least in oral form, during the Third Dynasty of Uruk. While the oral origins of Sumerian literature are debatable, it is clear that the Sumerian epics were transmitted through interaction with the oral tradition, so it is reasonable to assume the existence of a Sumerian epic, at least in an oral form, underlying Sumerian poems featuring Gilgamesh. The paper may be expected to provide an example of how close reading of an ancient text may reveal its compositional layers.

권호기사

권호기사 목록 테이블로 기사명, 저자명, 페이지, 원문, 기사목차 순으로 되어있습니다.
기사명 저자명 페이지 원문 목차
출애굽기 연대 가설 = Theories of the date of the Exodus : arguments for association with Amenhotep Ⅱ : 아멘호테프 2세와의 연관성에 대한 논고 양인철 p. 188-208

고대 이스라엘 역사와 역사서술 = History of ancient Israel and historiography : recent archaeological results for United Kingdom period : 최근 통일 왕국 시대 고고학 발굴 결과를 중심으로 강후구 p. 9-51

4Q지침서(4Q415-418) = 4QInstruction(4Q415-418) : eschatological wisdom in a time of crisis : 위기의 시대에 나타난 종말론적 지혜 이윤경 p. 209-239

(The) disclosure of porousness in the binary oppositions concerning gender in Judges 1:11-15 Yong-Hyun Cho p. 304-326

수메르어로 된 길가메시 서사시는 존재했을까? = Did the Epic of Gilgamesh exist in Sumerian? 김구원 p. 52-91

ChatGPT와 엔돌의 신접한 여인 이야기(삼상 28:3-25)의 상호맥락성(intercontextuality) 읽기를 통한 구약신학적 비평 연구 = An intercontextual reading between ChatGPT and the Medium of Endor (1 Sam 28:3-25) 박경식 p. 154-187

독자의 시선에서 바라본 두 요나 = Two Jonahs within the reader’s eyes : a comparative study of Jonah in 2 Kings 14 and the Book of Jonah : 열왕기하 14장과 요나서 요나의 비교 연구 조내연 p. 276-303

나훔서, 하박국서, 스바냐서의 메시지의 연관성 = Message connections in the Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah : focusing on Habakkuk’s complaints and YHWH’s answers : 하박국의 불평과 야웨의 답변을 중심으로 김래용 p. 120-153

바로의 장자 심판 예고 단락(출 4:21-23)과 연결하여 본 출애굽기 4장 24-26절의 신학적 해석 = Theological interpretation of Exodus 4:24-26 in connection with the pronouncement of judgment on Pharaoh’s firstborn (Exodus 4:21-23) 주은평 p. 361-393

군주제의 이상적 통치 이면(裏面)에 나타난 정치 역학관계 = The political dynamics behind the monarchy’s ideal rule : centered on $$ and $$ of Psalm 72 : 시편 72편의 $$와 $$를 중심으로 조한근 p. 327-360

성서 히브리어의 완곡어법과 위악어법 연구 = Euphemisms and dysphemisms for “death” in Biblical Hebrew : ‘죽음’에 관한 표현을 중심으로 김동혁 p. 92-119

사사기 19-21장에 나타난 숨겨진 정치적 논쟁 = Hidden political script in Judges 19-21 정미혜 p. 240-275