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Exodus 4 :24-26 has long been a source of perplexity and debate among scholars. Previous studies have typically treated this passage as an independent unit, separate from the preceding verses (Exod 4 : 21-23). The main controversy has centered on whether YHWH intended to kill some male within Moses's household, despite Moses’s obedience in heading toward Egypt as commanded by YHWH. In this perplexing scenario, Moses remains silent while Zipporah intervenes by circumcising her son, thereby resolving the crisis without further explanation or background.

This study aims to examine the role of Exod 4 : 21-23 in relation to the subsequent passage. Traditionally, these verses have been interpreted independently; however, this research proposes that they should be read as a contiguous unit. These passages are contextually linked, despite mentioning different subjects of judgment. The overall structure unfolds a coherent narrative of divine judgment, progressing logically through stages of anticipation, development, climax, and resolution.

The author of Exodus appears to construct a contextual continuity, first presenting a forewarning of judgment on Pharaoh’s firstborn based on a prior implication of judgment, followed by YHWH’s intention to kill an unnamed male member of Moses’s household. The specific identity of this male is not clarified in the text, leading to numerous speculations and debates. However, understanding Exod 4 : 21-26 as a unified structure allows us to identify the male pronoun’s referent more precisely.

This research seeks to connect the pronouncement of judgment on Pharaoh’s firstborn in Exod 4 : 21-23 with the subsequent judgment on the male member of Moses’s household in Exod 4 :24-26. The commonality between these passages is the central theme of YHWH’s firstborn judgment. Pharaoh faces judgment for refusing to release YHWH’s firstborn, Israel, thereby resulting in the forewarning that Pharaoh’s own firstborn would be killed. Similarly, the judgment on Moses’s household arises from the failure to perform circumcision, thereby not recognizing YHWH’s covenantal ownership. In both cases, the object of judgment is tied to the concept of the firstborn, reflecting the broader theological theme of divine ownership and covenant fidelity.

Circumcision, as a sign of the covenant, signifies the Israelites’ acknowledgment of their belonging to YHWH. Moses’s neglect in circumcising his son implicitly rejects YHWH’s ownership, paralleling Pharaoh’s actions. By viewing these passages as a single narrative unit, YHWH’s attempt to kill the male figure in Moses’s household serves as a direct application of the judgment principle previously outlined. Therefore, the threat to kill Moses’s firstborn is an extension of the judgment theme.

Connecting these contextual elements, the passage indicates that while Exod 4 : 21-23 anticipates the judgment on Pharaoh’s firstborn, Exod 4 : 24-26 applies this judgment principle to Moses’s household, specifically targeting his firstborn, Gershom. The absence of Moses’s name and the use of a male pronoun in the Hebrew text underline this interpretative possibility. This integrated approach reveals a coherent structure progressing through stages of divine judgment.

In conclusion, the narrative structure of Exod 4 : 18-31 can be understood as a unified passage illustrating a divine firstborn judgment motif. The text connects the forewarning of judgment on Pharaoh’s firstborn with the immediate application of judgment on Moses’s household for covenantal disobedience. This linkage underscores the broader theological theme of recognizing YHWH’s sovereignty and the consequences of covenantal breach, thereby providing a deeper insight into the passage’s theological implications.

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기사명 저자명 페이지 원문 목차
출애굽기 연대 가설 = Theories of the date of the Exodus : arguments for association with Amenhotep Ⅱ : 아멘호테프 2세와의 연관성에 대한 논고 양인철 p. 188-208

고대 이스라엘 역사와 역사서술 = History of ancient Israel and historiography : recent archaeological results for United Kingdom period : 최근 통일 왕국 시대 고고학 발굴 결과를 중심으로 강후구 p. 9-51

4Q지침서(4Q415-418) = 4QInstruction(4Q415-418) : eschatological wisdom in a time of crisis : 위기의 시대에 나타난 종말론적 지혜 이윤경 p. 209-239

(The) disclosure of porousness in the binary oppositions concerning gender in Judges 1:11-15 Yong-Hyun Cho p. 304-326

수메르어로 된 길가메시 서사시는 존재했을까? = Did the Epic of Gilgamesh exist in Sumerian? 김구원 p. 52-91

ChatGPT와 엔돌의 신접한 여인 이야기(삼상 28:3-25)의 상호맥락성(intercontextuality) 읽기를 통한 구약신학적 비평 연구 = An intercontextual reading between ChatGPT and the Medium of Endor (1 Sam 28:3-25) 박경식 p. 154-187

독자의 시선에서 바라본 두 요나 = Two Jonahs within the reader’s eyes : a comparative study of Jonah in 2 Kings 14 and the Book of Jonah : 열왕기하 14장과 요나서 요나의 비교 연구 조내연 p. 276-303

나훔서, 하박국서, 스바냐서의 메시지의 연관성 = Message connections in the Books of Nahum, Habakkuk, and Zephaniah : focusing on Habakkuk’s complaints and YHWH’s answers : 하박국의 불평과 야웨의 답변을 중심으로 김래용 p. 120-153

바로의 장자 심판 예고 단락(출 4:21-23)과 연결하여 본 출애굽기 4장 24-26절의 신학적 해석 = Theological interpretation of Exodus 4:24-26 in connection with the pronouncement of judgment on Pharaoh’s firstborn (Exodus 4:21-23) 주은평 p. 361-393

군주제의 이상적 통치 이면(裏面)에 나타난 정치 역학관계 = The political dynamics behind the monarchy’s ideal rule : centered on $$ and $$ of Psalm 72 : 시편 72편의 $$와 $$를 중심으로 조한근 p. 327-360

성서 히브리어의 완곡어법과 위악어법 연구 = Euphemisms and dysphemisms for “death” in Biblical Hebrew : ‘죽음’에 관한 표현을 중심으로 김동혁 p. 92-119

사사기 19-21장에 나타난 숨겨진 정치적 논쟁 = Hidden political script in Judges 19-21 정미혜 p. 240-275

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