[표제지 등]

제출문

요약문

SUMMARY

List of Figure

List of Table

목차

제1장 서론 23

제2장 1, 2차년도 연구 수행 내용 요약 25

제1절 1차년도 연구내용 요약 25

제2절 2차년도 연구내용 요약 26

제3장 최근 선진 외국의 디젤자동차 매연여과장치의 연구 동향 29

제1절 최근 디젤자동차 매연여과장치의 연구 동향 29

1. 필터트랩의 재질 30

2. 연소 재생 방법[원문불량;p.13] 34

3. 세라믹필터트랩과 EGR의 적용 36

제2절 미국의 배출가스 방지장치에 대한 성능평가 프로그램 39

1. 도시 버스 Retrofit/Rebuild Program 39

2. PM의 기준 40

3. 장치의 수명 사이클 비용 40

4. 장치의 인증 42

5. 장치의 보증 43

6. 인증에 관한 통지 43

제4장 디젤자동차 매연여과장치에 대한 종합 성능평가 방법 45

제1절 배경 45

제2절 서울시험모드 개발 및 완성 46

1. 목적 46

2. Transient 모드 46

제3절 성능평가를 위한 평가 항목 및 기준 48

제4절 성능평가를 위한 시험검사 방법 49

제5장 종합 성능평가 방법에 의한 매연여과장치의 성능평가 51

제1절 목적 51

제2절 버너식 매연여과장치 성능평가 52

1. 버너식 매연여과장치의 작동원리 및 구성 52

2. 시험내용 및 방법 61

3. 결과 및 고찰 72

제3절 촉매식 매연여과장치의 성능평가 95

1. 촉매식 매연여과장치의 작동원리 및 구성 95

2. 시험내용 및 방법 105

3. 결과 및 고찰 110

제4절 결론 124

제6장 디젤산화촉매장치에 대한 성능평가 126

제1절 실험 목적 126

제2절 디젤산화촉매장치에 의한 배출가스의 반응 127

제3절 디젤산화촉매장치의 성능에 미치는 인자 129

1. 연료 중의 황성분 130

2. 배출가스 온도 130

3. 귀금속 촉매의 양과 촉매재 131

4. 담체의 조성 132

5. 지지체형상 및 종류 132

6. 배출가스 속도 133

제4절 실험장치 및 방법 134

1. 실험장치 134

2. 실험내용 및 방법 138

제5절 실험결과 및 고찰 150

1. 배출가스 성능평가 150

2. 미량유해물질 성능평가 170

제6절 결론 187

제7장 결론 188

참고문헌 190

부록 1. 디젤자동차 매연여과장치 성능기준 및 시험방법에 관한 규정 (안) 199

부록 2. 미국의 배출가스 방지장치에 관한 인증 법규 255

[title page etc.]

SUMMARY

Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction 23

Chapter 2. Abstracts performed on 1st, 2nd year 25

Section 1. Abstract of 1st year 25

Section 2. Abstract of 2nd year 26

Chapter 3. Current Research Status of DPF System in Advanced Countries 29

Section 1. Current Research Status of DPF System 29

1. Materials for Filter Trap 30

2. Regeneration Method by Combustion[원문불량;p.13] 34

3. Application of Ceramic Filter Trap and EGR 36

Section 2. Performance Evaluation Program for Emission Reduction System in U.S.A 39

1. Retrofit／Rebuild Program for City Bus 39

2. Particulate Standard 40

3. Life Cycle Cost of System 40

4. Certification 42

5. Warranty 43

6. Notification of intent to certify 43

Chapter 4. Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Method of DPF System 45

Section 1. Background 45

Section 2. Development and Completion of Seoul Test Mode 46

1. Purpose 46

2. Transient Mode 46

Section 3. Testing Items and Criteria for Performance Evaluation 48

Section 4. Testing Method for Performance Evaluation 49

Chapter 5. Performance Evaluation of DPF System by Comprehensive Performance Evaluation Method 51

Section 1. Purpose of Experiment 51

Section 2. Performance Evaluation for Burner type DPF System 52

1. Operating Principles and Structure of Burner Type DPF System 52

2. Testing Content and Method 61

3. Result and Discussion 72

Section 3. Performance Evaluation for Catalyst Type DPF System 95

1. Operating Principles and Structure of Catalyst Type DPF System 95

2. Testing Content and Method 105

3. Result and Discussion 110

Section 4. Conclusion 124

Chapter 6. Performance Evaluation for DOC System 126

Section 1. Purpose of Experiment 126

Section 2. Reaction with Exhaust Emission by DOC System 127

Section 3. Factors affecting the Performance of DOC System 129

1. Sulfur Content in Diesel Fuel 130

2. Temperature of Exhaust Emission 130

3. Precious Metal Content and Catalytic Material 131

4. Compositions of Substrate 132

5. Types and Classes of Support 132

6. Velocity of Exhaust Emission 133

Section 4. Experimental Apparatus and Method 134

1. Experimental Apparatus 134

2. Experimental Content and Method 138

Section 5. Experimental Result and Discussion 150

1. Performance Evaluation for Exhaust Emission 150

2. Performance Evaluation for Unregulated Hazardous Substances 170

Section 6. Conclusion 187

Chapter 7. Conclusion 188

Reference 190

Appendix 1. The Proposed regulation for performance criteria and test method of the DPF 199

Appendix 2. The U.S. certification provision for the Emission reduction system 255

Table 1. Specifications of SiC & coordierite 34

Table 2. Recent research status for the diesel particulate trap 37

Table 3. Characteristics of the burner regeneration system 53

Table 4. Description of each driving module 54

Table 5. Description of error code 55

Table 6. Major specification of ceramic fiber 57

Table 7. Information stored in ECU 58

Table 8. Specification of test engine 61

Table 9. Specification of mini dilution tunnel 62

Table 10. The performance test results summary with and without trap system 75

Table 11. Regeneration interval under the each soot accumulation mode 90

Table 12. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for burner trap system 93

Table 13. Test results and reduction rate of PAH for burner trap system (unit : ㎍／㎾-h) 94

Table 14. The major function of on-board-diagnostic system 99

Table 15. Major component list 102

Table 16. The performance test results summary with and without trap system 112

Table 17. Emission test results for D-13 mode 113

Table 18. Regeneration interval under the each soot accumulation mode 121

Table 19. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for catalytic filter trap using 0.2wt%, 0.05wt% sulfur 122

Table 20. Test results of PAH for catalytic filter trap using 0.1wt%, 0.05wt% sulfur(unit : ㎍／㎾-h) 123

Table 21. Specification of test engine 137

Table 22. Specification of diesel oxidation catalyst 137

Table 23. Product specification of each diesel fuel 138

Table 24. Driving condition of T-6 mode 139

Table 25. IC analysis condition of sulfate in diesel particulate matter 144

Table 26. HPLC analysis condition of PAH in diesel particulate matter 146

Table 27. Wavelength and retention time of PAH compound by HPLC with fluorescence detector 146

Table 28. HPLC analysis condition of aldehyde in diesel particulate matter 149

Table 29. Comparative smoke opacity test results (sulfur content 0.2 wt% - A, B Co. DOC) 153

Table 30. Comparative PM test results for each sulfur content in T-6 mode (unit : g／h) 168

Table 31. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for D-13 mode using 0.2% sulfur(unit : g／㎾-h) 170

Table 32. Test results of PAH for D-13 mode using 0.2% sulfur (unit : ㎍／㎾-h) 171

Table 33. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for T-6 mode using 0.2% sulfur (unit : g／h) 173

Table 34. Test results of PAH for T-6 mode using 0.2% sulfur (unit : ㎎／h) 175

Table 35. Test results of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde for T-6 mode using 0.2% sulfur(unit : ㎎／h) 178

Table 36. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for D-13 mode using 0.05wt%, 0.01wt% sulfur(unit : g／㎾-h) 179

Table 37. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for T-6 mode using 0.05wt% sulfur(unit :g／h) 181

Table 38. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for T-6 mode using 0.01wt% sulfur(unit :g／h) 183

Fig.1. Filtration mechanisms 31

Fig.2. Structure of ceramic filter 32

Fig.3. Structure of fiber 33

Fig.4. Schematic of reverse air flow regeneration system 35

Fig.5. Schematic of trap-EGR system(Volkswagen diesel vehicle) 36

Fig.6. Schematic diagram of burner trap system 56

Fig.7. View of ceramic fiber 57

Fig.8. View of controller 58

Fig.9. View of burner 59

Fig.10. View of air pump 60

Fig.11. Schematic diagram of experimental measuring apparatus 63

Fig.12. View of measurement equipment and burner trap system 64

Fig.13. Exhaust temperature profile at each test (a) US heavy-duty transient cycle (b) Seoul transient cycle (c) Seoul-13 mode (d) D-13 mode 67

Fig.14. Exhaust gas temperature distribution for each transient cycle 71

Fig.15. Engine performance test results with and without trap system (a) Power (b) Torque (c) Fuel consumption rate 73

Fig.16. Exhaust temperature profile with and without trap system 74

Fig.17. Gaseous emission test results of the engine rpm at full load (a) CO (b) THC (c) NOx 76

Fig.18. Gaseous emission test results for D-13 mode 77

Fig.19. Smoke test results for D-3 mode 79

Fig.20. Temperature, backpressure and engine speed profile during regeneration under the US HDT transient test cycle 81

Fig.21. Temperature distribution during the regeneration under the US HDT transient test cycle 82

Fig.22. Soot loading and regeneration cycle by continued US HDT transient test cycle 82

Fig.23. Regeneration interval under the US HDT transient test cycle 83

Fig.24. Frequency distribution of backpressure profile under the US HDT transient test cycle 84

Fig.25. Exhaust backpressure distribution at the 1400rpm／full load 84

Fig.26. Gaseous emission test result under the US HDT transient test cycle (a, b) 86

Fig.27. Temperature, backpressure and engine speed regeneration under the steady-state test cycle(a,b) (a) Seoul-13 mode (b) MD-13 mode 87

Fig.28. Frequency distribution of backpressure profile under the steady-state test cycle(a,b) (a) Seoul-13 mode (b) MD-13 mode 90

Fig.29. Injection rate, temperature and backpressure profile during regeneration at each engine speed of full load 92

Fig.30. View of catalytic dual trap 95

Fig.31. Schematic diagram 97

Fig.32. View of ceramic filter 100

Fig.33. View of electric control unit(ECU) 101

Fig.34. Schematic diagram of experimental measuring apparatus 105

Fig.35. View of engine dynamometer and filter trap system(catalytic trap system) 106

Fig.36. Driving condition at MS-13 mode(a,b,c) 108

Fig.37. Engine performance test results with and without trap system(a,b,c) 111

Fig.38. Gaseous emission test results for D-13 mode 113

Fig.39. Smoke test results for D-3 mode 115

Fig.40. Soot loading and regeneration cycle by continued US HDT transient test cycle 117

Fig.41. Temperature and backpressure during regeneration under the US HDT transient test cycle 118

Fig.42. Soot loading and regeneration cycle by modified seoul-13 mode 119

Fig.43. Temperature and backpressure during regeneration under the US HDT transient test cycle 120

Fig.44. Schematic diagram of emission measuring apparatus 134

Fig.45. View of engine dynamometer and diesel oxidation catalyzer(DOC) 135

Fig.46. Configuration of DOC 136

Fig.47. Procedure of measurement for diesel particulate matter 142

Fig.48. Procedure of analysis for sulfate in diesel particulate matter 143

Fig.49. Procedure of analysis for PAH in diesel particulate matter 145

Fig.50. Schematic diagram for aldehyde sample flow 147

Fig.51. Comparative performance test results (sulfur content 0.2 wt % - A B co. DOC) 152

Fig.52. Comparative 6-mode test results (sulfur content 0.2 wt % - A. B co. DOC) 153

Fig.53. Comparative D-13 mode test results (sulfur content 0.2 wt % - A, B co. DOC) 154

Fig.54. Comparative S-13 mode test results (sulfur content 0.2 wt % - A, B co. DOC) 154

Fig.55. Comparative T-6 mode test results I (sulfur content 0.2 wt % - A, B co. DOC) 155

Fig.56. Comparative T-6 mode test results II (sulfur content 0.2 wt % - A, B co. DOC) 155

Fig.57. Comparative performance test results (sulfur content 0.05 wt % - A, B co. DOC) 157

Fig.58. Comparative smoke opacity test results (sulfur content 0.05 wt % - A, B co. DOC) 158

Fig.59. Comparative D-13 mode test results(sulfur content 0.05 wt % - A, B co. DOC) 158

Fig.60. Comparative T-6 mode test results I (sulfur content 0.05 wt % - A, B co. DOC) 159

Fig.61. Comparative T-6 mode test results II (sulfur content 0.05 wt % - A. B co. DOC) 159

Fig.67. Comparative engine performance test results for each sulfur content 165

Fig.68. Comparative smoke mode test results for(for for) each sulfur content 166

Fig.69. Comparative 6 mode test results for each sulfur content 166

Fig.71. Comparative T-6 mode test results I for each sulfur content 169

Fig.72. Comparative T-6 mode test results II for each sulfur content 169

Fig.73. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for D-13 mode using 0.2% sulfur 170

Fig.74. Test results of PAH for D-13 mode using 0.2% sulfur 172

Fig.75. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for T-6 mode using 0.2% sulfur 174

Fig.76. Test results of PAH for T-6 mode using 0.2% sulfur 176

Fig.77. Test results of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde for T-6 mode using 0.2% sulfur 177

Fig.78. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for D-13 mode using 0.05wt%, 0.01wt% sulfur 179

Fig.79. Test results of PAH for D-13 mode using 0.05wt%, 0.01wt% sulfur 180

Fig.80. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for T-6 mode using 0.05wt% sulfur 182

Fig.81. Test results of PM, SOF, sulfate for T-6 mode using 0.01wt% sulfur(unit : g／h) 184

Fig.82. Test results of PAH for T-6 mode using 0.05wt%, 0.01wt% sulfur 185

Fig.83. Test results of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde for T-6 mode using 0.05wt%, 0.01wt% sulfur 186