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APPENDIX
칼라
목차
제1장 연구개요 37
제1절 기술의 개요 37
제2절 기술 개발의 필요성 43
1. 세계 에너지 소비동향 43
2. 석탄수요 및 가격전망 45
3. 국내 에너지 수급실적 56
4. 연구개발의 긴급성 56
5. 연구개발의 필요성 59
제3절 기술 개발의 목표 61
제4절 연구내용 및 범위 61
제2장 기술개발 동향 및 전망 63
제1절 지구환경 문제 및 청정석탄 이용기술 63
제2절 석탄 이용에 따른 환경 오염물질 저감방법 및 추세 68
제3절 석탄의 전처리 공정과 배연가스 탈황법의 경제성 비교 74
제4절 연소전 탈황탈회 처리기술 80
1. 물리적 처리기술 81
가. 일반 선탄기술 85
(1) 비중선별 85
(2) 중액선별 87
(3) 원심분리기(Centrifugal) 88
(4) 부유선별 88
(5) 정전 선별법 89
(6) 자력선별 90
나. 신형 선탄기술 91
(1) Anhydrous Heavy Liquids 92
(2) Triboelectrostatic separation 93
(3) High-Gradient Magnetic Separation 98
(4) Micro Bubble Column Flotation 99
(5) Selective Oil Agglomeration 100
(6) Advanced cycloning 101
(7) Multy Gravity Separation 102
다. 신기술의 상업화 전망 103
(1) Carefree Coal and Self-Scrubbing Coal 103
(2) 석탄분쇄 및 건식 자력선별에 의한 연소전 처리기술 개발 107
(3) LICADO Coal Cleaning Process 108
2. 화학적 처리기술 111
3. 생물학적 처리법 118
가. 무기황 제거를 위한 연구 122
나. 유기황 제거를 위한 연구 124
다. 효율적 탈황을 위한 추진 방향 126
제3장 자력선별의 일반현황 128
제1절 자력선별기의 이용현황 128
제2절 자력선별의 이론적 배경 132
1. 자기력 (Magnetic force) 136
2. 항력 (Competing forces) 139
제3절 석탄의 자력선별 및 주요변수 140
1. 석탄의 자력선별 140
2. 자력선별의 주요변수 144
제4장 초전도체 자력선별 145
제1절 초전도체란 146
제2절 초전도재료의 종류와 특성 148
제3절 실용 초전도체 159
1. Nb-Ti합금선재 159
2. Nb₃Sn 및 V₃Ga 화합물선재 159
제4절 초전도체자력선별기의 이론적 배경 162
1. 초전도체자력선별기의 구조 162
2. 초전도체 자기장 및 자력밀도 164
3. 입자운동 168
4. 임계 입도 171
제5절 초전도체자력선별기 개발현황 174
1. 서언 174
2. 초전도체자력선별기 개발현황 174
3. 초전도체자력선별기의 성능 및 경제성 검토[원문불량;p.151] 180
4. 신형 초전도체자력선별기의 제작 188
5. 초전도체자력선별의 응용영역 확대 191
제5장 탈황탈회 연구수행 결과 192
제1절 연구수행 내용 192
제2절 시료의 특성 195
1. 석공시료 195
2. 삼탄시료 199
3. 경동시료 205
4. 동원시료 209
5. 영동 화력발전소용 석탄 212
6. 중국시료 216
제3절 실험방법 및 실험장치 221
1. 고구배자력선별(HGMS) 221
가. 습식 고구배자력선별 221
나. 건식 고구배자력선별 228
2. MK-3 초전도체자력선별 232
3. OGMS 초전도체자력선별 239
제4절 초전도체자력선별기 제작 및 특성 256
1. Superconducting Magnetic Cryostat and Control System 259
가. Superconducting Magnetic Cryostat 259
나. Control System 259
2. Low Temperature Cooling System 274
가. Cooling Compressor 274
나. Cold Head 280
3. Feed and Product Collection Hopper, Support Frame 283
가. Vibratory Feeder 283
나. Product Collection Hopper and Support Frame 283
4. Power Supply and Scalping Magnet 289
제5절 실험결과 및 고찰 291
1. HGMS를 이용한 탈황탈회 291
가. 습식 고구배 자력선별 291
(1) Eriez Mag. Separation 291
(가) 입도변화 291
(나) Feed rate 변화 294
(다) pH 변화 296
(라) 광액의 농도 300
(마) 정선횟수 300
(바) 자장의 강도변화 304
(사) Matrix 종류 307
(아) 탄종 비교실험 309
(2) SALA Mag. Separation 315
(가) 자장강도의 변화 315
(나) 급광량 변화 318
(다) 정선횟수 321
(라) 광액의 농도 323
(마) 입도변화 325
(바)/바. 탄종별 실험 325
나. 건식 고구배 자력선별 329
(1) 입자 크기 329
(2) Magnetic Roll Speed 332
(3) Splitter Position 334
2. MK-3 초전도체자력선별 340
가. 입자크기 341
나. 시료의 급광량 343
다. 자장의 강도변화 344
라. Splitter Position 346
마/바. 탄종변화에 따른 실험결과 349
3. OGMS 초전도체자력선별 353
가. 입자크기 353
나. Splitter Position 356
다. 시료의 급광량 358
라. Cryostat Slope 360
마. Magnetic Intensity 362
바. Feed Point 364
사. Deslime 367
아. Size Fraction 369
자. 탄종변화 실험 378
차. 자선기의 종류별 비교실험 381
카. 연속처리를 위한 분급공정 확립 383
제6장 자력선별 특성에 관한 모델링 391
제1절 석공시료의 Eriez 자력선별 특성 모델링 391
제2절 삼탄시료의 초전도체자력선별 특성 모델링 396
제7장 환경영향 평가 및 경제성 검토 409
제1절 환경영향 평가 409
1. 황화물 및 분진 배출 저감 가능성 평가. 409
2. 중금속 배출 저감 가능성 평가. 412
제2절 경제성 평가 420
1. 고정 투자비 421
2. 운영비 422
제8장 결론 424
참고문헌 429
Appendix 1. Results of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 439
Appendix 2. Results of feed rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 439
Appendix 3. Results of magnetic intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 440
Appendix 4. Results of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 440
Appendix 5. Results of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Chinese coal. 441
Appendix 6. Results of coal sorts on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests. 441
Appendix 7. Results of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 442
Appendix 8. Results of feed rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 442
Appendix 9. Results of pH various on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 443
Appendix 10. Results of pulp density on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 443
Appendix 11. Results of cleaning time on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation for using Seok-Gong coal. 444
Appendix 12. Results of magnetic intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 444
Appendix 13. Results of matrix sorts on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 445
Appendix 14. Results of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Kyeong-Dong coal. 445
Appendix 15. Results of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Dong-Weon coal. 446
Appendix 16. Results of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation for Samchuck coal. 446
Appendix 17. Results of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation for Chinese coal. 447
Appendix 18. Results of coal sorts on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests. 447
Appendix 19. Results of magnetic intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 448
Appendix 20. Results of feed rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 448
Appendix 21. Results of cleaning time on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 449
Appendix 22. Results of pulp density on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 449
Appendix 23. Results of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 450
Appendix 24. Results of coal sorts on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests. 450
Appendix 25. Results of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the High-Force dry magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 451
Appendix 26. Results of magnetic roll speed on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the High-Force dry magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 451
Appendix 27. Results of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the High-Force dry magnetic separation tests for Seok-Gong coal. 452
Appendix 28. Results of Particle Size(Deslime 200mesh) on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 452
Appendix 29. Results of Splitter Position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 453
Appendix 30. Results of Feed Rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests using Samchuck coal. 453
Appendix 31. Results of cryostat slope on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 454
Appendix 32. Results of magnetic intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 454
Appendix 33. Results of feed point on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 455
Appendix 34. Results of deslime(-mesh) on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 455
Appendix 35. Results of size fraction on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Samchuck coal. 456
Appendix 36. Results of 14/28 size fraction on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests using Samchuck coal. 456
Appendix 37. Results of 28/48 size fraction on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests using Samchuck coal. 457
Appendix 38. Results of 48/65 size fraction on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests using Samchuck coal. 457
Appendix 39. Results of 65/100 size fraction on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests using Samchuck coal. 458
Appendix 40. Results of 100/200 size fraction on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests using Samchuck coal. 458
Appendix 41. Results of -200 size fraction on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests using Samchuck coal. 459
Table 1-1. Impact of coal preparation on conversion 42
Table 1-2. The situation of energy consumption in the world. 44
Table 1-3. The estimated amount of coal reserves in the world. 46
Table 1-4. The situation of coal production by year in the world. 48
Table 1-5. The supply and demand of anthracite in Korea. 49
Table 1-6. The constitution of anthracite consumption in Korea. 49
Table 1-7. The situation of anthracite importation in Korea. 50
Table 1-8. The situation of bituminous importation in Korea. 51
Table 1-9. The estimated amount of coal demand in year 2000. 53
Table 1-10. The estimated amount of coal demand in year 2010. 55
Table 1-11. Projections of total electricity capacity by energy type. 58
Table 1-12. Anticipated environmental regulations for coal-fired utility plants. 60
Table 1-13. Research content and range by year 62
Table 2-1. The summary on development of clean coal technologies in Japan. 67
Table 2-2. Comparison(Comparision) between flue gas scrubbing and coal switching 75
Table 2-3. Economic comparisons between FGD only and FGD with coal preparation for reducing SO₂ emissions in utility plants. 78
Table 2-4. The methods of precombustion coal cleaning and possibility of deash and desulfur. 81
Table 2-5. Status of physical cleaning process in the United States 86
Table 2-6. The physical characteristic of heavy liquids using in heavy liquid separation. 93
Table 2-7. Summary of self-scrubbing coal demonstration project 105
Table 2-8. The comparison of physical and chemical coal cleaning methods 112
Table 2-9. Main process of chemical coal cleaning technologies. 113
Table 2-10. Selected results from coals treated by the microwave process.(Boron and Kollrack, 1986) 117
Table 2-11. Desulfurization of coals by CB-1 and CB-2 microbials. 119
Table 2-12. Microbial coal desulphurisation-a summary of reported results 121
Table 3-1. Types of magnetic separators. 130
Table 3-2. Types of magnetic separators. 131
Table 3-3. Magnetic behaviors of minerals 135
Table 3-4. Magnetic susceptibilities of mineral impurities in coal. 141
Table 3-5. Magnetic susceptibilities of pyrite-derived composites by dielectric heating 142
Table 4-1. Superconducting constant of various elements 150
Table 4-2. The present situation on development of superconducting magnetic separator 175
Table 4-3. Projected-economics of various beneficiation routes 186
Table 4-4. Comparison of different types of magnetic separators[원문불량;p.151] 187
Table 5-1. Contents of study by year. 194
Table 5-2. Proximate analysis of Seok-Gong coal sample used in this tests 196
Table 5-3. Chemical composition of ash-forming minerals in Seok-Gong coal sample. 196
Table 5-4. Particle size distribution and proximate analysis of various size fractions for Seok-Gong coal used in the present study. 198
Table 5-5. Proximate analysis of Samchuck coal samples used in this tests 200
Table 5-6. Chemical composition of ash-forming minerals in Samchuck coal sample. 201
Table 5-7. Particle size distribution and proximate analysis of various size fractions for Samchuck coal sample-A. 204
Table 5-8. Particle size distribution and proximate analysis of various size fractions for Samchuck coal sample-B 204
Table 5-9. Proximate analysis of Kyeong-Dong coal sample used in this tests 206
Table 5-10. Chemical composition of ash-forming minerals in Kyeong-Dong coal sample. 206
Table 5-11. Particle size distribution and proximate analysis of various size fractions for Kyeong-Dong coal sample used in the present study. 208
Table 5-12. Proximate analysis of Dong-Won coal sample used in this tests 209
Table 5-13. Chemical composition of ash-forming minerals in Dong-won coal sample. 210
Table 5-14. Particle size distribution and proximate analysis of various size fractions for Dong-Won coal sample used in the present study. 211
Table 5-15. Proximate analysis of Young-Dong power plant coal used in this tests. 212
Table 5-16. Chemical composition of minerals in coal samples from the Young-Dong power plant. 213
Table 5-17. Particle size distribution and proximate analysis of various size fractions for -8mesh coal sample from Young Dong power plant. 215
Table 5-18. Particle size distribution and proximate analysis of various size fractions for -48mesh coal sample from Young Dong power plant. 216
Table 5-19. Proximate analysis of Chinese coal sample used in this tests. 217
Table 5-20. Chemical composition of ash-forming minerals in Chinese coal sample. 217
Table 5-21. Particle size distribution and proximate analysis of various size fractions for Chinese coal used in the present study. 219
Table 5-22. Matrix sorts using in SALA Magnetic Separator. 226
Table 5-23. CSW-71A compressor unit specification 247
Table 5-24. Optimum(Optimun) temperature of respectively parts in cryostat 250
Table 5-25. Temperature of respectively parts as a function of time 251
Table 5-26. Maintenance Schedule of Cooling System. 275
Table 5-27. Result on dry magnetic separation tests for different size fraction(+4, 4×12, -12mesh) of Samchuck coal sample. 338
Table 5-28. Result on total average value of 4×12 and -12mesh size fraction in dry magnetic separation tests of Samchuck coal sample. 339
Table 5-29. Results of combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in optimum(optimun) test conditions using OGMS superconducting magnetic separator. 377
Table 5-30. Results from superconducting magnetic separation tests using four different coal samples. 380
Table 5-31. Results of combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection as a kinds of magnetic separators in optimum condition 383
Table 5-32. Top, 90% and 10% passing size of O/F(over flow) product classified(classifed) at various wheel speed 390
Table 7-1. Effect of coal cleaning on ash/sulfur reduction and amount of SO₂ emissions. 411
Table 7-2. Mean Trace element concentrations in various coal samples 412
Table 7-3. Distribution of trace elements following combustion 414
Table 7-4. Trace element reductions by precombustion cleaning of various coals. 415
Table 7-5. Trace element reductions via precombustion cleaning of coal 417
Table 7-6. Annual trace element emissions from a utility plant burning a raw coal and physically cleaned coals. (unit : ton) 418
Table 7-7. Annual trace element emissions from a utility plant burning a raw coal and physically cleaned coals. (unit : ton) 419
Figure 1-1. Coal desulfurization methods for utility plants 39
Figure 1-2. Comparison(Comparision) of reserves between the world coal and oil resources 52
Figure 1-3. Projections of installed capacity in the Asia-Pacific 54
Figure 2-1. Prediction of SOx(이미지참조) emissions in Asia including China 65
Figure 2-2. Comparison(Comparision) of electricity generation costs from black coal(Wolk et al(1991)) 71
Figure 2-3. Gaseous emissions from black coal based power generation 72
Figure 2-4. Solids wastes from black coal based power generation 73
Figure 2-5. Control costs by station (Data from Slowik, 1990) 76
Figure 2-6. Comparison of capital cost between electric capacity using coals containing various sulfur contents. 77
Figure 2-7. Schematic of triboelectrostatic coal separation(Finseth et al) 94
Figure 2-8. Integration of triboelectrostatic separation into a Utility System. 96
Figure 2-9. Schematic design of continuous type triboelectostatic separator. 97
Figure 2-10. Schematic of cyclic electromagnetic HGMS unit 98
Figure 2-11. Block flow diagram : self-scrubbing coal production. 104
Figure 2-12. ETCi/Bradley process for coal desulfurization 108
Figure 2-13. Block diagram of LICADO process(Westinghouse Electric Corp, nd) 110
Figure 2-14. Flow diagram of the TRW Gravimelt process 115
Figure 3-1. Schematic representation of magnetic separator 133
Figure 3-2. Magnetization of materials in various magnetic fields 134
Figure 3-3. Selective Dielectric Heating Pretreatment 142
Figure 4-1. T - H - J critical surface of superconducting state 149
Figure 4-2. Meissner effect of spherical superconducting material under constant magnetic field 151
Figure 4-3. Magnetization curve for type I superconductor. 153
Figure 4-4. Magnetization curve for type II superconductor. 153
Figure 4-5. Structure of Fluxoid which pass through type II superconductor 154
Figure 4-6. Tc and Hc2 of important superconducting materials at liquid He temperature(4.2K)(이미지참조) 156
Figure 4-7. Various of Jc(이미지참조) with magnetic field for various superconducting materials 161
Figure 4-8. A schematic view of the superconducting OGMS racetrack magnet. 163
Figure 4-9. Open gradient superconducting magnetic separator 177
Figure 4-10. Linear superconducting magnet 178
Figure 4-11. The comparison of total working cost between a 300KW conventional magnetic and a 50KW superconducting magnetic separator. 181
Figure 4-12. The comparison of investment cost on superconducting magnetic, electromagnetic and permanent magnetic separator. 182
Figure 4-13. The comparison of total working cost by superconducting material in superconducting magnetic separation. 183
Figure 4-14. The separation flowsheet of dry round-type superconducting magnetic separator. 189
Figure 4-15. The inner cross sectional view of dry round-type superconducting magnetic separator. 190
Figure 5-1. X-ray diffraction patterns of ash-forming minerals in Seok-Gong coal sample. 197
Figure 5-2. X-ray diffraction patterns of ash-forming minerals in Samchuck coal sample. 202
Figure 5-3. X-ray diffraction patterns of ash-forming minerals in Kyeong-Dong coal sample. 207
Figure 5-4. X-ray diffraction patterns of ash-forming minerals in Dong-Won coal sample. 210
Figure 5-5. X-ray diffraction patterns of ash-forming minerals in Young-dong power plant coal sample. 214
Figure 5-6. X-ray diffraction patterns of ash-forming minerals in Chinese coal sample. 218
Figure 5-7. Eriez wet high intensity magnetic separator. 222
Figure 5-8. Flowsheet of wet magnetic separation using an Eriez Magnetics Co. Model L-4 Separator. 223
Figure 5-9. SALA magnetic separator 225
Figure 5-10. Schematic view of SALA Magnetic Separator 227
Figure 5-11. Schematic view of rare earth roll magnetic separator used in dry magnetic separation. 228
Figure 5-12. Roll configuration of high - force magnetic separator 229
Figure 5-13. Flowsheet of dry magnetic separation using high-force Magnetic separator. 231
Figure 5-14. Schematic view of MK-3 superconducting magnetic separator. 232
Figure 5-15. Photograph showing a MK-3 type superconducting magnetic separator. 233
Figure 5-16. Schematic view of superconducting open-gradient magnetic separator. 235
Figure 5-17. Schematic representation of the separation process in the dry single split channel(a) and a large size separator(b) 236
Figure 5-18. Photograph of high vacuum(vaccum) pump with diffusion(difussion) pump. 237
Figure 5-19. Photograph of cooling pump for MK-3 superconducting magnetic separator. 238
Figure 5-20. Schematic view of superconducting magnetic separator 240
Figure 5-21. Photograph of superconducting magnetic separator 241
Figure 5-22. Control system of superconducting magnetic separator 243
Figure 5-23. Photograph View of Superconting Magnet 244
Figure 5-24. Outline View of Compressor Unit Model CSW-71A 246
Figure 5-25. Arrangement of cryostat, diffusion pump and backing pump during evacuation of the cryostat. 248
Figure 5-26. Component interconnecting diagram for the cryocooler model SRDK-408BW system. 249
Figure 5-27. Drawing view of cold head and cryostat in superconducting magnetic separator. 252
Figure 5-28. The Principle of Superconducting Magnetic Separation 254
Figure 5-29. Flowsheet of superconducting magnetic separation test. 255
Figure 5-30. Schematic Structure of the Superconducting magnetic separator 257
Figure 5-31. Schematic view of control system with cooling compressor 258
Figure 5-32. Drawing view of superconducting magnetic cryostat 261
Figure 5-33. The circuit diagrams of power supply in control system 263
Figure 5-34. The circuit diagrams of CPU/digital control board in control system 264
Figure 5-35. The circuit diagrams of CPU/digital control board in control system 265
Figure 5-36. The circuit diagrams of CPU/digital control board in control system 266
Figure 5-37. The circuit diagrams of CPU/digital control board in control system 267
Figure 5-38. The circuit diagrams of input amplifier board in control system 268
Figure 5-39. The circuit diagrams of input amplifier board in controls system 269
Figure 5-40. The circuit diagrams of key/display board in control system 270
Figure 5-41. The circuit diagrams of relay board in control system 271
Figure 5-42. The circuit diagrams of Oxford Isobus Cable in control system 272
Figure 5-43. The circuit diagrams of Gpib interface in control system 273
Figure 5-44. Photograph of cooling compressor 275
Figure 5-45. Photograph of He gas bombe for charging He gas in cooling compressor 276
Figure 5-46. Schematic drawing of cooling compressor 277
Figure 5-47. Electrical schematic of cooling compressor. 278
Figure 5-48. Electrical schematic of cooling compressor. 279
Figure 5-49. Photograph of cold head in cooling system 281
Figure 5-50. Schematic drawing of cold head in cooling system. 282
Figure 5-51. Photograph of vibratory feeder 284
Figure 5-52. Schematic control circuit of vibratory feeder 285
Figure 5-53. PCB lay-out of vibratory control circuit 286
Figure 5-54. Collection hopper for received non-magnetic and magnetic matters 287
Figure 5-55. Support frame for support of cryostat(cryostst) and scalping magnet etc. 288
Figure 5-56. Photograph of scalping magnetic separator 290
Figure 5-57. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests. 292
Figure 5-58. The effect of feed rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests. 295
Figure 5-59. The effect of pH variation on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests. 297
Figure 5-60. Zeta potential and point-of-zero charge(PZC) as a function of pH obtained from the Seok-Gong sample. 299
Figure 5-61. The effect of pulp density on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests. 301
Figure 5-62. The effect of cleaning time on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests. 303
Figure 5-63. The effect of magnetic intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests. 305
Figure 5-64. Central field(Gauss) VS current(ampere) of Eriez mag. separator tested by gaussmeter. 306
Figure 5-65. The effect of matrix sorts on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests. 308
Figure 5-66. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Kyeong-Dong(A) and Dong-Won(B) coal sample. 310
Figure 5-67. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for Samchuck(A) and Chinese(B) coal sample. 312
Figure 5-68. Results from Eriez wet magnetic separation tests for five different coal samples. 313
Figure 5-69. The effect of magnetic intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests. 316
Figure 5-70. Central field(Gauss) VS current(Ampere) of SALA mag. separator tested by gaussmeter. 317
Figure 5-71. The effect of feed rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests. 319
Figure 5-72. The effect of cleaning time on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests. 322
Figure 5-73. The effect of pulp density on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests. 324
Figure 5-74. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the SALA wet magnetic separation tests. 326
Figure 5-75. Results from SALA wet magnetic separation tests for five different coal samples. 327
Figure 5-76. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and sulfur/ash rejection in the high-force dry magnetic separation tests. 330
Figure 5-77. The effect of magnetic roll speed on combustible recovery and sulfur/ash rejection in the High-Force dry mag. separation tests. 333
Figure 5-78. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and sulfur/ash rejection in the high-force dry magnetic separation tests. 334
Figure 5-79. Results from dry magnetic separation tests for different size fraction of Samchuck coal sample. 336
Figure 5-80. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests. 341
Figure 5-81. The effect of feed rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests. 343
Figure 5-82. The effect of magnetic intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests. 345
Figure 5-83. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/ sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests. 348
Figure 5-84. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the superconducting magnetic separation tests for Chinese coal sample. 350
Figure 5-85. Results from superconducting magnetic separation tests for different coal samples.(Samchuck & Chinese coal) 351
Figure 5-86. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests. 354
Figure 5-87. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests. 357
Figure 5-88. The effect of feed rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests. 359
Figure 5-89. The effect of cryostat slope on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests. 361
Figure 5-90. The effect of magnetic intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests. 363
Figure 5-91. The effect of feed point on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests. 365
Figure 5-92. Magnetic flux density perpendicular(perpendicula) to face plate of cryostat. 366
Figure 5-93. The effect of deslime on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests. 368
Figure 5-94. The effect of size fraction on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests. 370
Figure 5-95. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests for 14/28mesh size fraction. 374
Figure 5-96. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests for 28/48mesh size fraction. 374
Figure 5-97. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests for 48/65mesh size fraction. 375
Figure 5-98. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests for 65/100mesh size fraction. 375
Figure 5-99. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests for 100/200mesh size fraction. 376
Figure 5-100. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in the OGMS superconducting magnetic separation tests for -200mesh size fraction. 376
Figure 5-101. Combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in optimum(optimn) test conditions using OGMS superconducting magnetic separator. 377
Figure 5-102. Comparison of combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection as a kinds of coal sample in optimum condition 379
Figure 5-103. Comparison of combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection as a kinds of magnetic separator in optimum condition 382
Figure 5-104. Size distribution of O/F product classified(classifed) at wheel speed 600rpm 385
Figure 5-105. Size distribution of O/F product classified(classifed) at wheel speed 800rpm 386
Figure 5-106. Size distribution of O/F product classified(classifed) at wheel speed 1,000rpm 387
Figure 5-107. Size distribution of O/F product classified(classifed) at wheel speed 1,500rpm 388
Figure 5-108. Size distribution of O/F product classified(classifed) at wheel speed 2,500rpm 389
Figure 6-1. The effect of feed rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in Eriez magnetic separation for SeokKong sample 400
Figure 6-2. The effect of magnetic intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in Eriez magnetic separation for SeokKong sample 400
Figure 6-3. The effect of pH on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in Eriez magnetic separation for SeokKong sample 401
Figure 6-4. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in Eriez magnetic separation for SeokKong sample 401
Figure 6-5. The effect of pulp density on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in Eriez magnetic separation for SeokKong sample 402
Figure 6-6. Correlation of experiment and modeling for ash rejection by Eriez 402
Figure 6-7. Correlation of experiment and modeling for combustible recovery by Eriez 403
Figure 6-8. Correlation of experiment and modeling for sulfur rejection by Eriez 403
Figure 6-9. The effect of feed rate on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in superconducting magnetic separation for Samchuck 404
Figure 6-10. The effect of mag. intensity on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in superconducting magnetic separation for Samchuck 404
Figure 6-11. The effect of particle size on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in superconducting magnetic separation for Samchuck 405
Figure 6-12. The effect of splitter position on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in superconducting magnetic separation for Samchuck 405
Figure 6-13. The effect of cryostat slope on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in superconducting magnetic separation for Samchuck 406
Figure 6-14. The effect of feed point on combustible recovery and ash/sulfur rejection in superconducting magnetic separation for Samchuck 406
Figure 6-15. Correlation of experiment and modeling for ash rejection by Superconducting magnetic separation(sepatration). 407
Figure 6-16. Correlation of experiment and modeling for sulfur rejection by Superconducting magnetic separation(sepatration). 407
Figure 6-17. Correlation of experiment and modeling for combustible recovery by Superconducting magnetic separation(sepatration). 408
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