목차

[표제지 등]=0,1,2

제출문=1,3,1

요약문=2,4,2

목차=4,6,3

그림목차=7,9,4

표목차=11,13,1

1장 TiO₂전극에서 Ru(II)착물에 의한 광전환=12,14,1

1절 서론=12,14,2

2절 실험=13,15,1

1. 시약=13,15,1

2. 기기 및 실험장치=13,15,2

3. TiO₂전극의 제작=14,16,2

4. Ruthenium 착물의 합성=15,17,1

가. [Ru(tpy)Cl₃](III)의 합성=15,17,1

나. [Ru(tpy)(bpy(COOH)₂)CI](II)+의 합성(이미지참조)=15,17,2

다. [Ru(tpy)(bqu(COOH)₂)CI](II)+의 합성(이미지참조)=16,18,1

라. [Ru(tpy)(bpy(COOH)₂)H₂O](II)²+의 합성(이미지참조)=16,18,1

마. [RU(tpy)(bpy(COOH)₂)CN](II)+의 합성(이미지참조)=16,18,1

바. TiO₂전극에 합성한 Ru 착물의 흡착=16,18,1

3절 결과 및 고찰=17,19,1

1. TiO₂전극의 두께=17,19,2

2. Ru(II) 착물의 흡수 스팩트럼과 흡착된 양=18,20,4

3. 전류-전압곡선과 염료들의 산화환원 전위=21,23,5

4. 단색광을 이용한 전류-전압곡선=26,28,1

5. 빚의 세기에 따른 전류-전압곡선=26,28,6

6. 전류의 안정성=32,34,2

4절 결론=34,36,1

5절 참고 문헌=34,36,2

2장 TiO₂위에 CdS 를 입힌 전극에 의한 광전환=36,38,1

1절 서론=36,38,1

2절 실험=36,38,1

1. 시약=36,38,2

2. Cadmium sulfide 필름의 제작=37,39,2

3. 기기=38,40,1

3절 결과 및 고찰=38,40,1

1. 흡수 스펙트럼 및 전류밀도-전압곡선=38,40,2

2. 빛의 세기에 따른 전류밀도-전압곡선=39,41,1

3. 전류의 안정성 및 순환전류전압법=39,41,7

4절 결론=45,47,1

5절 참고 문헌=45,47,2

3장 다공성 Si위에 전기화학적으로 입힌 TiO₂의 특성=47,49,1

1절 서론=47,49,2

2절 실험=48,50,1

1. 시약=48,50,2

2. 다공성 실리콘 형성=50,52,1

3. 다공성 실리콘 위에 TiO₂를 입힘=50,52,3

4. TiO₂/다공성 실리콘 전극 표면의 특성 조사=52,54,1

5. TiO₂/다공성 실리콘 선극에서 TiO₂의 양이온의 intercaIation deintercalation과정=52,54,1

6. TiO₂/다공성 실리콘 전극에서 광전류-광전압 측정=52,54,2

3절 결과 및 고찰=53,55,1

1. 다공성 실리콘 위의 TiO₂의 특성 조사=53,55,9

2. TiO₂/다공성 실리콘 전극의 순환전류전압도=61,63,9

3. TiO₂/다공성 실리콘 전극의 광전류-광전압 측정=69,71,7

4절 결론=75,77,2

5절 참고 문헌=76,78,2

4장 염료감응 TiO₂전극의 전류-전압 특성에 미치는 카르복시산의 영향=78,80,1

1절 서론=78,80,7

2절 실험=85,87,1

1. 시약=85,87,2

2. 기기 및 실험장치=86,88,2

3. 실험방법=87,89,1

3.1 Ru(II) 착물의 합성=87,89,2

3.2 TiO₂필름의 제작=89,91,1

3.3 Ru(II) 착물의 흡착 TiO₂전극 제작=89,91,1

3.4 광전류-광전압 곡선 측정=89,91,2

3.5 걸어준 전위에 따른 흡수 스펙트럼의 변화 측정=90,92,1

3절 결과 및 고찰=91,93,1

1. 흡수 스펙트럼과 1H NMR 스펙트럼23,24(이미지참조)=91,93,1

2. FTIR spectra에 의한 표면 결합 조사=91,93,4

3. I₃-의 농도의 최적화(이미지참조)=94,96,2

4. 아세트산의 첨가=96,98,1

5. Voc에 대한 HAc의 영향(이미지참조)=96,98,7

6. Jsc에 대한 HAc의 영향(이미지참조)=102,104,2

7. 4-tert-butylpyridine(TBP)의 표면 처리=103,105,2

8. J-V 곡선에 대한 aliphatic carboxylic acid의 영향=104,106,2

9. J-V 곡선에 대한 aromatic carboxylic acid의 영향=105,107,4

4절 결론=109,111,1

5절 참고문헌=110,112,3

5장 태양전지 제작 및 분석=113,115,1

1절 실험=113,115,1

1. 콜로이드 TiO₂=113,115,1

2. Cell 준비=113,115,3

3. Regents and instruments=115,117,2

2절 결과 및 토의=117,119,1

1. Anatase TiO₂막=117,119,1

1.1 효율적인 광전류 발생=117,119,1

1.2 결정구조와 표면적의 분석=117,119,3

1.3 표면 형상=120,122,1

1.4 흡수 스펙트럼=120,122,2

2. 전류-전압 특성=121,123,6

3절 결론=126,128,7

4절 참고문헌=133,135,2

Fig.1.1 Experimental setup for the photocurrent measurement=14,16,1

Fig.1.2 Schematic diagram for the PEC preparation=15,17,1

Fig.1.3 Current-density-potential curves of Ru(tpy)(bpy(COOH)₂CN)+/TiO₂(이미지참조)=17,19,1

Fig.1.4 UV-Vis absorption spectra of 1.0×10-5M ruthenium complexes in ethanol solution(이미지참조)=19,21,1

Fig.1.5 Scanning electron micrographs of a TiO₂electrode deposited on a conducting glass=20,22,1

Fig.1.6 UV-Vis spectra of bare TiO₂electrodes=21,23,1

Fig.1.7 Current density-potential curves of ruthenium complexes absorbed on the TiO₂electrodes in 0.3 M Lil/0.03 M I₂acetonitrile at 45 mW/㎠light intensity=22,24,1

Fig.1.8 Cyclic voltammograms for the ruthenium complexes in 1.0 M LiClO₄acetonitrile=24,26,1

Fig.1.9 Jsc action spectra of a Ru complexes with monochromatic illumination in 0.3 M LiI/0.03 M I₂acetonitrile solution(이미지참조)=27,29,1

Fig.1.10 Dependence of photocurrent density spectra of Ru(tpy)(bpy(COOH)₂)CI+/TiO₂electrodes on the light intensity in 0.3 M LiI/0.03 M I₂acetonitrile solution(이미지참조)=28,30,1

Fig.1.11 Plot of open-circuit potentials of dye/TiO₂electrodes against In(Jsc)(이미지참조)=29,31,1

Fig.1.12 Dependence of (A) light conversion efficiencies and (B) short-circuit currents of dye/TiO₂electrodes on the incident light intensity=31,33,1

Fig.1.13 Plot of photocurrent against illumination time in 0.3 M Lil/0.03 M I₂acetonitrile=33,35,1

Fig.2.1 Experimental setup for chemical bath deposition(CBD)=37,39,1

Fig.2.2 Comparison of current-density potential curves of (a) CdS/TiO₂and (b) bare-TiO₂electrodes in 0.4 M Na₂S/0.1 M Na₂SO₃water solution=40,42,1

Fig.2.3 Dependence of photocurrent density spectra of a CdS/TiO₂electrode on the light intensity in 0.4 M Na₂S/0.1 M Na₂SO₃water solution=41,43,1

Fig.2.4 Plot of open-circuit voltage of a CdS/TiO₂electrode against short-circuit current=42,44,1

Fig.2.5 Dependence of (a) short-circuit current and (B) light conversion efficiency of a CdS/TiO₂electrode on the incident light intensity=43,45,1

Fig.2.6 (A) Plot of photocurrent decay against illumination time and (B) cyclic voltammograms of a CdS/TiO₂electrode in 0.4 M Na₂S/0.1 M Na₂SO₃water solution=44,46,1

Fig.3.1 Experimental setup for the oxidative hydrolysis of TiCl₃=51,53,1

Fig.3.2 Thickness of electrodeposited TiO₂on porous Si electrode with charging density=54,56,1

Fig.3.3 SEM image of (a) porous Si, (b) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si, and (c) annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrode=55,57,1

Fig.3.4 Cross sectional SEN images of (a) porous Si, (b) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si, (c) annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrodes=56,58,1

Fig.3.5 Depth profilings of (a) porous Si, (b) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si, and (c) annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrodes=58,60,1

Fig.3.6 X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) porous Si, (b) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si, and (c) annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrodes=59,61,1

Fig.3.7 Raman scattering spectra of (a) porous Si, (b) spin-coated TiO₂on ITO, and (c) electrodeposited TiO₂on porous Si electrodes=60,62,1

Fig.3.8 FT-IR spectra of non-etched Si (straight) porous Si (dot) and (b) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si (straight), annealed TiO₂/porous Si (dot) electrodes=62,64,1

Fig.3.9 Cyclic Voltammograms of a TiO₂/porous Si electrode in 0.5 M Na₂SO₄aqueous solution at various scan rates=63,65,1

Fig.3.10 Cyclic voltammograms of a TiO₂/porous Si electrode in 0.5 M Na₂SO₄aqueous solution at various pH=65,67,1

Fig.3.11 Cyclic Voltammogramns of a TiO₂/porous Si electrode in propylene carbonate containing 1 M LiClO₄with various scan rate=66,68,1

Fig.3.12 Dependence of thickness on the cyclic voltammograms of (a) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si, and (b) annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrodes=67,69,1

Fig.3.13 Dependence of cation size on the cyclic voltammograms of (a) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si and (b) annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrodes=68,70,1

Fig.3.14 Photocurrent against potential curves of (a) porous Si, (b) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si, and (c) annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrodes=70,72,1

Fig.3.15 Mott-Schottky plots for (a) porous Si, and (b) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrodes=71,73,1

Fig.3.16 Cottrell plots of (a) porous Si, (b) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si, and (c) annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrodes=73,75,1

Fig.3.17 Light to electric conversion efficiercies of (a) porous Si, (b) non-annealed TiO₂/porous Si, and (c) annealed TiO₂/porous Si electrodes=74,76,1

Fig.4.1 Schematic representation of a principle of the dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell=79,81,1

Fig.4.2 Ideal current-voltage curve under illumination=81,83,1

Fig.4.3 Metal-to-ligand charge transfer(MLCT) for ruthenium complexes anchored the TiO₂surface by a carboxylated bipyridyl ligand=82,84,1

Fig.4.4 Photoinduced heterogeneous electron transfer of the solar cell=83,85,1

Fig.4.5 Schematic representation of photoelectrochemical measurement=87,89,1

Fig.4.6 Comparison of the absorption spectra of synthesized RuL₂(NCS)₂and that purchased from Solaronix in absolute ethanol=92,94,1

Fig.4.7 Absorption spectra of RuL₂(NCS)₂sensitizer loaded on the TiO₂layer;blank:a) ITO glass(solid), b) TiO₂film(dot)=93,95,1

Fig.4.8 FTIR spectra of the Dye, TiO₂powder, and the Dye/TiO₂powder in KBr pellets=95,97,1

Fig.4.9 J-V curves of the dye anchored TiO₂electrodes in 0.06M I-/3mM I₂(3.4mM I₃-)electrolyte soln. inset.:Jsc as a function of the time. scan rate:100mV/sec(이미지참조)=97,99,1

Fig.4.10 Photocurrent-Voltage charactenstics of a cell based on TiO₂film sensitized by RuL₂(NCS)₂containing 0.29M acetic acid. scan interval:50sec=98,100,1

Fig.4.11a Effect of acetic acid on Jsc and Voc vs. scan number. Time interval between two consecutive scan was 50sec(이미지참조)=99,101,1

Fig.4.11b Effect of acetic acid on FF and ŋ(%) vs. scan number. Time interval between two consecutive scan was 50sec(이미지참조)=100,102,1

Fig.4.12 Dependence of HAc on the absorbances at 800㎚(upper curves) and 347㎚(lower curves) of a dye/TiO₂film as a function of the applied potential in 1M LiClO₄/MeCN at a scan rate of 5mV/sec=101,103,1

Fig.4.13 Interfacial binding of the dye and CH₃COO-ion on to the TiO₂working electrode of an electrochemical photovoltaic cell(이미지참조)=102,104,1

Fig.4.14 J-V curves of TBP-trented RuL₂(NCS)₂-coated nanocrystalline TiO₂solar cell using of a 450㎚cut-off filter=106,108,1

Fig.4.15 J-V curves of RuL₂(NCS)₂/TiO₂electrodes soaked for 15 min in acid solution of (a) benzoic acid, (b) p-toluic acid and (c) p-nitrobenzoic...(이미지참조)=107,109,1

Figure5.1 Cell structure and charge generation=116,118,1

Figure5.2 X-ray diffraction pattern of TiO₂film prepared by sol-gel method=119,121,1

Figure5.3 The surface morphology of TiO₂films (a) not autoclaved, (b) autoclaved=122,124,1

Figure5.3 The surface morphology of TiO₂films (c), (d), (e) TiO₂powder added. (c) plane, (d) cross section, low resolution, (e) cross section, high resolution=124,126,1

Figure5.4 Absorption spectra of the TiO₂film on SnO₂with and without monolayer coating of dye molecules=124,126,1

Figure5.5 Current-Voltage Characteristics (a) without TiO₂powder addition, (b) with TiO₂powder addition=127,129,1

Figure5.6 Current-Voltage Characteristics (a) Chenodeoxycholic acid treatment, (b) TBP treatment=128,130,1

Figure5.7 Ln J-V characterstics show that dark current decrease=129,131,1

Figure5.8 Current-Voltage Characteristics with various LiI/I₂concentration=130,132,1

Fig.5.9 Current-Voltage Characteristics of a 6.5% solar cell=132,134,1

Table1.1 The thickness of TiO₂films versus the number of spin coating=17,19,1

Table1.2 Voc, Jsc and FF of TiO₂electrode sensitised by ruthenium complexes(Incident light intensity was 45 mW/㎠)(이미지참조)=23,25,1

Table1.3 Redox potential of ruthenium complexes in 0.1 M LiClO₄acetonitrile solution=23,25,1

TabIe3.1 List of reagents and chemicals=49,51,1

Table3.2 Physical properties of n-type Si wafers=49,51,1

Table3.3 Comparison of Voc, Jsc, FF, andŋin each electrode(이미지참조)=75,77,1

Table4.1 Carboxylic acids used in this study=85,87,1

Table4.2 H1 NMR chemical shifts for free ligands and complexes and coordination-induced shifts for H-6 protons a in DMSO-d6(이미지참조)=91,93,1

Table4.3 Comparison of photoelectrochemical characteristics of treated with untreated electrodes=104,106,1

Table4.4 Voc and Jsc with adding and soaking of aromatic carboxylic acid(이미지참조)=108,110,1

Table5.1 BET surface area analysis. TiO₂(a) was prepared by a different method for comparison. TiO₂(a) is consisted of 30% rutile and 70% anatase. Weight of films was included in obtaining the surface area=119,121,1

Table5.2 Results of the cell optimization processes=131,133,1