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Blueberry와 sea buckthorn의 수확후 품질관리와 가공품개발을 위한 기능성물질 분석 6
Summary 6
I. 서언 10
II. 연구사 14
III. 재료 및 방법 17
IV. 결과 및 고찰 37
V. 적요 179
VI. 인용문헌 184
고랭지 생산 Blueberry와 Sea buckthorn의 품종별 품질평가 및 수확 후 품질변화 요인 분석 192
Summary 192
I. 서언 194
II. 연구사 196
III. 재료 및 방법 197
IV. 결과 및 고찰 208
V. 적요 252
VI. 인용문헌 253
초록보기 더보기
Chapter 1. Development and analysis of Green tour for Ecotourism with blueberry
Chapter 2. Growth and Survival Rate of softwood Cuttings Influenced by Bed Media, Cutting Length and Thickness on Several Cultivars of Highbush Blueberry
Softwood cuttings were conducted to establish an efficient propagation method of highbush blueberry grown in shaded glasshouses during summer from year 2005 to 2007. When the cuttings were planted in peatmoss:sand (4:1) media survival rates of 'Bluejay' and 'Bluegold' were 52.8 and 71.5%, respectively. 'Sharpblue' was 85.5% when the cuttings were planted in peatmoss media. Growth and rooting were significantly improved when peatmoss was used as a major component of media comparing to combination of common bed soil, perlite, and vermiculite. Length of cuttings affected the survival rate, too and those for short cuttings (8-12cm) and long cuttings (14-16cm) of 'Bluegold' were 66.7 and 49.3%, respectively. 'Bluejay' cuttings showed the similar tendency, while the length of cuttings did not affect the survival rate of 'Sharpblue'. Improved rooting and consecutive growth was found when thick cuttings were used for 'Sharpblue' and 'Bluegold' and thin cuttings were used for 'Bluejay'. Results indicate that the survival rate, rooting and consecutive growth for softwood cutting were improved when shoot and thick cuttings were used the conditions of the present study.
Chapter 3. Development of plant propagation system by using tissue culture technique in blueberry
Tissue culture can improve the mass propagation systems of crops propagated by vegetative organs and also shorten the time required for propagation. This study was conducted to develop an effective production system of blueberry plants by using tissue culture technique. The effects of culture medium, plant growth regulators, cultivars, shoot maturity, subculture condition, and rooting methods on in vitro culture of blueberry shoots were studied. The shoot explants cultured on WPM medium showed higher rates of shoot formation, more number of nodes, and longer root length than those on MS medium during the primary culture. Shoots were not formed when the explants were cultured on the medium without plant growth regulators or supplemented with BA, and the shoot explants cultured on the medium supplemented with 2iP showed low rates of shoot formation. Zeatin was the most effective for shoot formation and growth of the explants. The explants containing the lower nodes of the shoots showed higher rates of shoot formation as compared with the explants containing shoot tips. Cultivars showed different reponses in shoot formation; the shoot formation rate of Misty was very low, whereas Northland and Coville showed over 92% of shoot formation. The shoot formation rates of the explants prepared from the shoots harvested on April 16 and 23 were higher than those of the explants harvested on May 1 and 7, suggesting that the time of shoot collection has some effect on the shoot formation of in vitro cultured shoot explants of blueberry. The shoots harvested on July 30 showed very lower rate of shoot formation than the shoots harvested on May 30 and June 30. The proper concentrations of zeatin for shoot propagation in subculture were found to be 0.5mg/L and 1mg/L. 2iP showed lower rates of shoot formation than zeatin.
The effective way for the rooting of blueberry shoots produced in vitro was also studied. When the shoots were cultured in vitro for rooting, root was formed with IBA treatment, but the rates were low. However, the shoots cultured under ex vitro rooting conditions showed 100% of root formation. In the study of proper soil medium for ex vitro rooting, it was found that the rates of root formation were over 93.3% with the media of peatmoss alone, peatmoss mixed with vermiculite, and peatmoss mixed with perlite, whereas the rate was low with the medium of perlite alone. The results of this study suggest that culture medium, plant growth regulators, cultivars, the age of shoot are important for efficient in vitro propagation of blueberry plants.
Chapter 4. Quality at Harvest and Changes during Marketing of the Blueberry Fruit Produced in Korea
This experiment was carried out to analyze the change in fruit quality at harvest, during storage, and simulated marketing period of blueberries for 3 years (2006-2008) with high-bush cultivars.
Blueray, Duke, Northland, and Sunrise might be recommended primarily to culture on plane area among the high-bush blueberries more than 30 cultivars.
When we analyzed the fruit quality changes with two different transport condition, room and cold temperature (10℃) after harvesting, using Bluegold, Duke, Northland, and Sierra, the best quality of blueberry fruit was shown in Bluegold. Fruit storability in 10℃ was better than that of room temperature and the worst fruit quality was shown in Duke at 10℃ storage. To examine best distribution package, we compared the PETE(polyethylene terephthalate) and PE film package. In the PETE package, Bluetta and Duke were used and Brigitta, Darrow, Dixi and Northland were used in the PE film package, respectively. All packages were stored in room and cold temperature (10℃). The shelf life to market was maintained for 2 days in PETE package at room temperature and that was sustained for 4-5 days in cold temperature. In the PE film package, the maketibility was shorter than 2 days and it was thought that the water-soak in the package induced degradation of fruit.
Fruit quality of blueberry was also examined at two different storage condition, 1℃ and 10℃. After stored in cold temperature, the fruit was transported in the room temperature. The cracking fruit and deterioration in 1℃ storage occurred much more than that of 10℃ storage. In the expiration limit, Duke was longer than the other cultivars and Northland was shorter than the other cultivars. In conclusion, the marketability of blueberries was maintained 6 days in 10℃ storage and the storability of Northland was lower than the other cultivars and Duke showed good storability. Pre-cooling at 10℃ for 3hrs for postharvest treatment extend the shelf life of fruit to 9 days than 4 days of control stored at room temperature.
We suggested that shelf life and marketability of blueberry fruit was maintained and even extended in the low-temperature storage at 10℃ than the room temperature and more effective when the fruit treated with pre-cooling. In addition, PETE package was better than the PE film package to maintain marketability.
Chapter 5. Analysis of natural products is blueberry fruits for processing
An HPLC coupled on-line to an ABTS+ radical scavenging detection(RSD) system and HPLC-ESI/MS were developed to rapidly determine and identify the antioxidants in blueberries. The blueberry extract was separated by HPLC and then radical scavenging activities of separated compounds were evaluated by on-line coupled ABTS+-RSDsystem. The negative peaks on ABTS+-RSD system which indicated the presence of antioxidant activity, were monitored by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 734nm, and active components in blueberry extract were identified using HPLC-ESI/MS by their MS spectra and retention times. Potential antioxidant compounds in blueberry were identified as chlorogenic acid, and eleven anthocyanins using HPLC on-line ABTS+ based assay system and HPLC-ESI/MS system.
Antioxidants are compounds capable of scavenging the free radicals that arise during normal metabolism in the body. These molecules are now of considerable interest due to their effect of preventing or delaying aging and their apparent involvement in prevention of common cancers. In the present research, the total phenolic content of fruits and leaves of a number of blueberry(Vaccinium L. sp.) cultivars was examined using an on-line HPLC-ABTS method. The analytes that were separated by HPLC were then reacted with a post-column reagent containing ABTS free radicals. The amount of chlorogenic acid in the leaves was 6- to 11-times higher than that in the fruits. Antioxidant activity attributable to chorogenic acid rang ed from ca. 81.9 to 91.9% of total antioxidant activity in the leaves and ca. 35.4 - 61.7% in the fruits. No anthocyanins were detected in green leaves of any cultivar. However, the fruits contained different kinds and amounts of anthocyanins, with a high variance among cultivars. The sum of antioxidant activity among the five major anthocyanins was ca. 23.5 - 38.6% of total antioxidant activity. The highest antioxidant activity associated with fruit anthocyanins was due to delphinidin-3-galactose, which showed a weak negative correlation with antioxidant activity of chlorogenic acid. The amount of total phenolic compounds exhibited similar patterns to the values of total antioxidant activity in all cultivars. This suggested that antioxidant activity arises primarily from phenolic compounds in blueberry cultivars.
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