표제지

제출문

보고서 요약서

요약문

SUMMARY

Contents

목차

제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 25

제1절 기술의 개요 25

제2절 연구개발의 필요성 28

제2장 국내외 기술개발 현황 34

제1절 선광/분체 기술 조사 및 현황 34

제2절 구리광의 일반현황 42

제3절 중저품위 비금속광물 분체화 기술 58

제4절 사용 후 연료 정제 및 기능성 재료개발 59

제3장 연구개발수행 내용 및 결과 61

제1절 금속광의 선별기술 개발 61

제2절 저에너지 탈수/건조 및 고도 해쇄 Mechanism 개발 79

제3절 중저품위 비금속광물 분체화 (백색도 향상포함) 96

제4절 사용 후 연료 정제 및 기능성 재료개발 109

제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 140

제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 141

제1절 연구성과 141

제2절 연구 성과의 활용방안 144

제6장 연구개발과정에서 수집한 해외과학기술정보 146

제1절 산업광물의 선진선광기술 146

제7장 참고문헌 177

Table 2-1. Special quality of copper 43

Table 2-2. Main form of copper mine 45

Table 2-3. Purpose of copper 46

Table 2-4. Purpose of copper concentrate 47

Table 2-5. Reserve and grade of Copper ore in domestic 48

Table 2-6. Demand and supply results of copper ore in domestic 49

Table 2-7. Import status of iron ore by nations 49

Table 2-8. Reserve & reserve base of iron ore in the world 50

Table 3-1. Chemical analysis(ICP) of jambi mine copper minerals used in this study 62

Table 3-2. Chemical analysis(XRF) of jambi mine copper minerals used in this study 62

Table 3-3. Size distribution and chemical analysis of various size fraction for copper minerals from Jambi mine 63

Table 3-4. Major chemical composition of Jindo porelain stone ore (wt%) 99

Table 3-5. Wet sieving results of ore crushed by a cone crusher with dry sieving 100

Table 3-6. Wet sieving results of ore ground by a ball mill for 5 min 101

Table 3-7. Wet sieving results of ore ground by a ball mill for 10 min 101

Table 3-8. Wet sieving results of ore ground by a ball mill for 15 min 102

Table 3-9. Wet sieving results of ore ground by a ball mill for 20 min 102

Table 3-10. Fe content of the fractions with various intensity of magnetic field 104

Table 3-11. Fe content of the fractions magnetically separated with various number of stages 105

Table 3-12. Comparison Between Pulverized Coal Combustion (PCC) and Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) (Botha, 2004) 111

Table 3-13. Comparison of coal combustion conditions in the Donghae and Seochun power station 111

Table 3-14. Experimental parameters of the NaOH concentration, the curing time, and the temperature for manufacturing geopolymers 116

Table 3-15. Weight percentage of Donghae bottom ash separated on sieves and proximate analysis results of each fraction 118

Table 3-16. Weight percentage of Donghae bottom ash separated on sieves after rod milling for 5 min 120

Table 3-17. Weight percentage of Donghae bottom ash separated on sieves after rod milling for 10 min 121

Table 3-18. Weight percentage of Donghae bottom ash separated on sieves after rod milling for 15min 121

Table 3-19. Weight percentage of Donghae bottom ash separated on sieves after rod milling for 20 min 122

Table 3-20. Proximate analysis results of flotation products after rod milling 123

Table 3-21. Proximate analysis results for bottom ashes (wt%) 125

Table 3-22. Proximate analysis results of flotation products from Donghae bottom ash. After two stages of scavenger, the carbon content was reduced to 0.00wt% in the cleaned ash 129

Table 3-23. Chemical composition of the cleamed bottom ash sample from the Donghae power station 132

Table 3-24. Compressive strength of the compression bodies from the cleaned Donghae bottom ash cured at ambient temperature 133

Table 3-25. Compressive strength of the compression bodies from the cleaned Donghae bottom ash cured at 60℃ 135

Table 3-26. Compressive strength of the compression bodies from the cleaned Donghae bottom ash cured at 80℃ 136

Table 3-27. BET-specific surface area of carbon separated from Donghae bottom ash and activated by KOH 138

Fig. 1-1. A diagram presenting the research structure. 26

Fig. 1-2. Suggested research strategies. 27

Fig. 1-3. Secure ratio of metal minerals by year in Korea. 29

Fig. 1-4. Import amount of metal minerals by year of Korea. 30

Fig. 1-5. Import money of metal minerals by year of Korea. 30

Fig. 1-6. Contribution of the research project to KIGAM's mission and national policies. 33

Fig. 2-1. Patent analysis result of mineral processing technologies in chronological order and nationality of the patent holder. 34

Fig. 2-2. Share of the patented mineral processing technologies. 35

Fig. 2-3. Mineral processing technologies in various countries. 36

Fig. 2-4. Patent analysis result of powder technologies in chronological order and nationality of the patent holder. 37

Fig. 2-5. Number of patents on powder technologies in various countries. 37

Fig. 2-6. Share of the patented powder technologies. 38

Fig. 2-7. Number of research papers on mineral processing technologies. 39

Fig. 2-8. Number of research papers on each core technology in mineral processing. 39

Fig. 2-9. Number of research papers on each core technology in mineral processing in chronological order. 41

Fig. 2-10. International price of copper ore by year. 51

Fig. 2-11. Magnetic separator for separation of fine ferruginous minerals. 53

Fig. 2-12. Contact angle between bubble and particle. 54

Fig. 2-13. Flotator used in this test for froth flotation of copper ore. 55

Fig. 2-14. Principle and schematic view of froth flotation. 56

Fig. 2-15. Principle and schematic view of column flotation. 57

Fig. 3-1. XRD analysis of raw copper sample from Indonesia Zambi. 61

Fig. 3-2. Mapping of raw copper minerals by SEM-EDAX 63

Fig. 3-3. Flowsheet for froth flotation of copper minerals 64

Fig. 3-4. Effect of magnet intensity on grade & recovery of Cu in wet-magnetic separation 66

Fig. 3-5. Effect of dosage of collector on grade and recovery of copper in froth flotation. 67

Fig. 3-6. Effect of pH on grade & recovery of copper in froth flotation 68

Fig. 3-7. Effect of kinds of collector on grade & recovery of copper in froth flotation 69

Fig. 3-8. Grade and recovery of Ag and copper sulfide in froth flotation 70

Fig. 3-9. Effect of dosage of collector on grade and recovery of copper in froth flotation 71

Fig. 3-10. Effect of pH on grade & recovery of copper in froth flotation 72

Fig. 3-11. Effect of cleaning time on grade & recovery of copper in froth flotation. 73

Fig. 3-12. Effect of dosage of frother on grade & recovery of copper in froth flotation. 74

Fig. 3-13. Grade and recovery of final concentrates separated from froth flotation. 75

Fig. 3-14. Photo of all products separated from froth flotation. 76

Fig. 3-15. SEM/EDAX(×500) on raw copper minerals (-150mesh). 77

Fig. 3-16. SEM/EDAX(×500) on final concentrate (-150mesh). 77

Fig. 3-17. Attraction and repulsive forces between stabilized colloidal particles. 80

Fig. 3-18. Attraction and repulsive forces between unstable colloidal particles. 81

Fig. 3-19. Basic principles of zeta potential. 82

Fig. 3-20. Electric double layer model. 83

Fig. 3-21. Fundamental principle of micro bubbled slurry. 83

Fig. 3-22. Schematic diagram for the economical disagglomeration process in the study. 84

Fig. 3-23. Compressive strength machine. 85

Fig. 3-24. Kaolin clay slurry by the addition of a surfactant. 86

Fig. 3-25. Micro bubbled cream made by aeration. 87

Fig. 3-26. Slurry samples consisting of two different clays. 87

Fig. 3-27. Facilities for wet disagglomeration. 88

Fig. 3-28. Particle size distribution of raw sample. 88

Fig. 3-29. Drying efficiency of slurries. 89

Fig. 3-30. Drying with Improved efficiency. 90

Fig. 3-31. Pore size in the surface of completely dried slurries. 91

Fig. 3-32. Pore size controlled by the amount of additives. 92

Fig. 3-33. Compressive strength variation in terms of the amount of additives. 92

Fig. 3-34. Efficiency of disagglomeration in D50 particle size.(이미지참조) 93

Fig. 3-35. Efficiency of disagglomeration in D90 particle size.(이미지참조) 94

Fig. 3-36. Particle size distribution curves of disagglomerated particles treated with different surfactants. 95

Fig. 3-37. Cumulative size distribution of disagglomerated particles treated with different surfactants. 95

Fig. 3-38. Experimental condition for Fe removal process from a porcelain stone. 98

Fig. 3-39. X-ray diffraction pattern of porcelain stone produced in Jin Island. 99

Fig. 3-40. Fe₂O₃ content of the non-magnetic fraction with various top particle size. 103

Fig. 3-41. Fe₂O₃ content of the non-magnetic fraction with various top particle size. 104

Fig. 3-42. Fe₂O₃ content of the non-magnetic fraction with various number of stages. 106

Fig. 3-43. Fe₂O₃ content of a porcelain stone produced by selective leaching of Fe with HCl. 106

Fig. 3-44. Fe₂O₃ content of a porcelain stone produced by selective leaching of Fe with H₂SO₄. 107

Fig. 3-45. Whiteness of a purified porcelain stone with HCl. 108

Fig. 3-46. Whiteness of a purified porcelain stone with H₂SO₄. 108

Fig. 3-47. Location map of some domestic power stations. 110

Fig. 3-48. Ash storage pond in Seochun power station. 114

Fig. 3-49. Ash storage pond in Donghae power station. 114

Fig. 3-50. Schematic process flow sheet for the synthesis of geopolymer from FBC bottom ash. 115

Fig. 3-51. Froth flotation circuit for the unburned carbon separation. 115

Fig. 3-52. A tailor-made furnace used for activation of unburned carbon. 116

Fig. 3-53. Compression body prepared for measuring compressive strength. 117

Fig. 3-54. Weight percentage in the size fractions with accumulated bar plot. 119

Fig. 3-55. X-ray diffraction pattern of bottom ash sample from the Donghae power plant. 124

Fig. 3-56. X-ray diffraction pattern of bottom ash sample from the Seochun power station. 125

Fig. 3-57. Heat values in size fractions of Donghae bottom ash. 126

Fig. 3-58. Flotation performance of Donghae bottom ash with varying dosage of kerosene. 127

Fig. 3-59. Flotation performance with varying dosage of pine oil. 127

Fig. 3-60. (a) Cleaned ash and (b) the carbon concentrate prepared from Donghae bottom ash. 128

Fig. 3-61. SEM micrographs of a carbon particle separated from Donghae bottom ash: (a) secondary electron image and (b) back-scattered electron image. 128

Fig. 3-62. Carbon contents of the bottom ash size factions. 130

Fig. 3-63. Carbon contents of the carbon concentrates at various dosages of a collector, kerosene. 131

Fig. 3-64. Carbon contents of the carbon concentrates at various dosages of a frother, pine oil. 131

Fig. 3-65. Scanning electron micrographs of carbon particles separated from the (a) Donghae and (b) Seochun bottom ashes. 132

Fig. 3-66. Compressive strength of the compression bodies from the cleaned Donghae bottom ash cured at ambient temperature. 134

Fig. 3-67. Compressive strength of the compression bodies from the cleaned Donghae bottom ash cured at 60℃. 135

Fig. 3-68. Compressive strength of the compression bodies from the cleaned Donghae bottom ash cured at 80℃. 136

Fig. 3-69. X-ray diffraction pattern of the geopolymer reacted with 8M NaOH solution and cured at 60℃ for 14 days. 137

Fig. 3-70. SEM micrographs of an unburned carbon sample (DBM-F-C-8) activated with (a) 10㎖ and (b) 20㎖ of 45wt% KOH solution. 139