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보고서 요약서
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SUMMARY
CONTENTS
목차
제1장 연구개발과제의 개요 27
제2장 국내·외 기술개발현황 28
제3장 연구개발 수행 내용 및 결과 33
제1절 서론 33
제2절 해남 순신금광화대 일대 조사결과 34
제3절 해남 순신 금광상 일대 지질구조 58
제4절 영암지역 금광상 조사결과 71
제5절 해남-진도-완도지역 납석 광화대 조사 90
제6절 해남 순신광산일대 물리탐사결과 140
제7절 해남 순신광산산 금광석 고효율 선광 및 친환경 광미 재활용 기술 147
제8절 해남 순신광산산 금·은 정광 침출시험 결과 173
제9절 해남 순신광산 일대 광산개발방안연구 185
제10절 위탁연구결과 193
1. 순신 천열수 금광상의 열수유체의 진화: 유리포유물 연구 (위탁연구 1) 193
2. 해남지역 납석-도석광상의 광물학적 특성 연구 (위탁연구 2) 195
제11절 결론 196
제4장 목표달성도 및 관련분야에의 기여도 202
제5장 연구개발결과의 활용계획 204
제6장 참고문헌 205
Table 3-1. Associated relations among ore minerals 47
Table 3-2. Analytical results of quartz veins occurring in the Moisan and western Moisan area 49
Table 3-3. Analytical results of silicified rocks occurring in the Moisan and western Moisan area 50
Table 3-4. Comparisons of Au and Ag mineralization intensity according to the strike direction of vein system 51
Table 3-5. Analytical result of representative samples from Eunjeok and Sangeun mines 88
Table 3-6. Simplified geology in the vicinities of the pyrophyllite/kaolinite deposits in the Jeonnam province 93
Table 3-7. Geology of the Gasado area 97
Table 3-8. Description of alteration properties for the rocks caught in the underground workings 102
Table 3-9. XRD mineral identification ; samples of the underground workings 103
Table 3-10. Major chemical compositions(oxides, wt.%); samples of underground workings 104
Table 3-11. Major chemical compositions(oxides, wt.%); samples of underground workings 105
Table 3-12. Iron oxides contents of the kaolins 105
Table 3-13. Aluminum oxides contents of the kaolins 106
Table 3-14. Trace element contents(ppm) of the underground workings and those of the primitive mantle 107
Table 3-15. Rare earth element contents(ppm) caught in the underground workings 109
Table 3-16. Ore grades and ore reserves of the underground workings 111
Table 3-17. Major chemical compositions(oxides, wt.%)of the kaolin samples from the Ogchool mine 114
Table 3-18. Rare earth element contents(㎍/g) of the kaolin samples from the Ogchool mine 114
Table 3-19. Trace element contents(㎍/g) of the kaolin samples from the Ogchool mine 114
Table 3-20. Trace element contents of the kaolin samples from the Ogchool mine 115
Table 3-21. Ore reserves calculation for the Ogchool mine 116
Table 3-22. Major chemical compositions(oxides, wt.%)of the pyrophyllites from the Goosi mine 124
Table 3-23. Ore reserves calculation for the pyrophyllite of the Goosi mine 125
Table 3-24. Ore reserves calculation for the porcelaneous stone of the Goosi mine 125
Table 3-25. Rare earth element contents(ppm) ores and their related rocks caught in the Jeonnam kaolinite/pyrophyllite province 130
Table 3-26. Major chemical compositions(oxides, wt.%)of the ores and their related rocks caught in the Jeonnam kaolinite/ pyrophyllite province 131
Table 3-27. Quantification for the mineral species of the major formations in the Mingyung pyrophyllite deposit 132
Table 3-28. Characteristics of each ore surfaces(by M.A. Eigeles) 150
Table 3-29. Main alloy minerals. 155
Table 3-30. Main silver content minerals. 155
Table 3-31. Type of floatation for gold-silver minerals. 155
Table 3-32. Analysis of Au, Ag contents in samples grinded. 158
Table 3-33. Free sedimentation ratio between mineral couples 160
Table 3-34. Contents of Au, Ag in samples sorted by shaking table 161
Table 3-35. Particle size of samples by Cyclosizer 163
Table 3-36. Contents and distribution of samples by Cyclosizer 163
Table 3-37. Grade and recovery of Au, Ag concentration sorted by Aeropromotor 407 164
Table 3-38. Contents and feature of tailing distributed 166
Table 3-39. Result of Gravity separation at tailing 167
Table 3-40. Flotation result of not grinded tailing 168
Table 3-41. Flotation result of grinded tailing 169
Table 3-42. Valuable recovery characteristics by total process (sieving, grinding, flotation) 169
Table 3-43. Valuable recovery characteristics by total process (sieving, gravity separation, grinding, flotation) 170
Table 3-44. Analytical results of Au-Ag concentrates 180
Table 3-45. Mining claims near Moisan Mine 186
Table 3-46. Characteristics of Moisan deposit 187
Table 3-47. Sectional dip angle of the ramp in Moisan mine 189
Table 4-1. Accomplishments and goals of 2009 202
Fig. 3-1. Locality map of survey area. (google map). 34
Fig. 3-2. Regional geologic map of Haenam area (Koh, 1997). 34
Fig. 3-3. Geologic map of Eunsan, Moisan and Daesan alteration zones. 35
Fig. 3-4. Drilling core logging results which KORES carried out on 2009. 37
Fig. 3-5. Drilling core logging results which KORES carried out on 2009. 38
Fig. 3-6. Outcrops of silicified tuffaceous sandstone (A), argillic altered tuffaceous sandstone and silicified lapilli tuffs (C and D). 39
Fig. 3-7. Alteration zoning and Au bearing quartz vein of Moisan alteartion zone. 39
Fig. 3-8. Photomicrographs of silicified rocks in the Moisan alteration zone. 40
Fig. 3-9. Photomicrographs of quartz illitic altered rocks in the Moisan alteration zone. 40
Fig. 3-10. Photos of outcrops showing acid leaching (A), brecciated silicified rock (B) and weakly altered rock (C). 40
Fig. 3-11. XRD pattern of silicified rock and quartz-illitic altered rock (Q: Quartz, I: illite). 41
Fig. 3-12. Rose diagram showing the direction of Au bearing quartz veins. 42
Fig. 3-13. Outcrops showing various occurrences of Au bearing quartz veinlets in the Moisan mine. 43
Fig. 3-14. Rock slab, outcrops and microphotographs showing various textures of Au bearing quartz vein and veinlet occurring in the Moisan mine. 43
Fig. 3-15. Ore body shapes observed in the Moisan underground. 44
Fig. 3-16. Precipitation type of sulfide minerals. 44
Fig. 3-17. Microphotographs of ore minerals occurring in the concentrates (A-C) and Au bearing quartz vein (D-F) occurring in the Moisan Au mine. 45
Fig. 3-18. Diagram showing the intensity of Au contents of the Moisan mine and western neighboring deposit. 48
Fig. 3-19. Comparisons of element contents such as Ag, Au, As, Bi, Cu, Pb, Sb, S, Se, Zn, Fe, and Te of quartz vein and silicified rock, and Moisan mine and Moisan western side. 48
Fig. 3-20. Map showing the newly discovered ore zone and present operating Moisan mine area. 52
Fig. 3-21. Underground map showing the distribution of the silicified zone (yellow colored area) and Au bearing quartz vein (red line) in the Moisan underground. 53
Fig. 3-22. Rose diagram of Au bearing quartz vein system in the Moisan underground. 53
Fig. 3-23. Model of the Au ore body based on the drilling result (Ivanhoe, 2001) and surface survey result. 54
Fig. 3-24. 3D model showing ore body shape of the Moisan mine. 54
Fig. 3-25. Alteration zoning map (left) of the Daesan area and map showing the pyrite stockwork developed silicified zone. 55
Fig. 3-26. X-ray diffraction patterns of Daesan and Okmaesan altered rocks (Q: Quartz, A: Alunite, K: Kaolin). 56
Fig. 3-27. Microphotographs of alunite-kaolin altered rocks in the Daesan alteration zone (Q: Quartz; A: Alunite; K: kaolin). 57
Fig. 3-28. Vuggy silicified rock by acid leaching (A and B) and weakly altered laminated siltstone (C) and lapilli tuff (D). 57
Fig. 3-29. Sulfide zone in the Daesan alteration area. 58
Fig. 3-30. Lineaments showing five different orientations developed around Eunsan area. 60
Fig. 3-31. Rose diagram of lineaments developed around Eunsan area. 60
Fig. 3-32. Mineralized zones around Eunsan area surveyed by Ivanhoe Mines Ltd. 60
Fig. 3-33. Fractures and veins developed in the tuffaceous rocks, southern part of Eunsan area, Haenam. a) NNE trending dextral fault, b) NE trending fault, c) NW trending quartz veins, d) N-S trending shear zone with dextral shearing criteria, e) NW trending shear zone with dextral shearing... 61
Fig. 3-34. Fractures and quartz veins developed in highly altered tuffaceous rocks, western part of Eunsan area, Haenam. a) WNW trending mineralized zone, b) NW trending fault showing reverse sense, c) NW trending quartz veins, d) NW trending quartz veins, e) NW... 62
Fig. 3-35. Lineaments showing five different orientations developed around Moisan area. 64
Fig. 3-36. Rose diagram of lineaments developed around Moisan area. 64
Fig. 3-37. a) Subhorizontal bedding of interbeded layer developed within Hwangsan tuff in the Moisan area. b) E-W trending small fault cut the bedding of the Hwangsan tuff in the Moisan, showing about 50 cm of displacement. The northern block is down. 65
Fig. 3-38. Outcrops developed in the western part of Moisan, Haenam. a) E-W trending joints. b) E-W trending joint set. c) WNW trending quartz veins. d) Southward dipping quartz vein. e) N-S and NW trending quartz veins. f) N-S and WNW trending quartz veins. 66
Fig. 3-39. Outcrops developed in the southern part of Moisan, Haenam. a) Small fault formed as an horse-tail structure which has been sheared in a normal sense, indicating northern block down. b) Small fault formed from right-stepping joints which have been sheared as a northern block down. c)... 67
Fig. 3-40. Locality map studied outcrops in the Moisan area, Haenam. 68
Fig. 3-41. Orientation of quartz veins developed in the Moisan area. 68
Fig. 3-42. Rose diagram of quartz veins developed in the Moisan area. 69
Fig. 3-43. Simplified model for different fracturing stages in the Moisan-Eunsan area, Haenam. 70
Fig. 3-44. Lineament map of the Moisan-Eunsan area, Haenam, showing four probable NW-SE trending mineralized zones (A, B, C and D) related with tensional zones developed by sinistral shear between two WNW lineaments. 70
Fig. 3-45. Field survey map around the Eunjeok-Sangeun mining district. 72
Fig. 3-46. Regional geologic map including the Eunjeok-Sangeun mining district modified from So et al.(unpublished). 73
Fig. 3-47. Geologic map of the Eunjeok-Sangeun mining district. 74
Fig. 3-48A. Tuff with rhyolite fragments. 75
Fig. 3-48B. Gradational zone between tuff with rhyolite fragments and tuff with subrounded rhyolite fragments. 75
Fig. 3-49A. Welded tuff developed in Maeweoljae valley. 75
Fig. 3-49B. Welded tuff containing andesitic tuff fragments. 75
Fig. 3-50A. Fault developed within rhyolite. 75
Fig. 3-50B. Later hydrothermal alteration infilling the stockwork network. 75
Fig. 3-51A. Rhyolite observed in Eungok area. 76
Fig. 3-51B. Typical tuff with volcanoclasts in study area. 76
Fig. 3-52. A through F. Photomicrographs for the wall rocks in the adits from Eunjeok and Sangeun mines. Abbreviations: K-fD=K-feldspar, ser=sericite, qtz=quartz, pl=plagioclase, bt=biotite, py=pyrite, chl=chlorite, fd=feldspar, mt=magnetite. 78
Fig. 3-53A. Sulfide mineral within quartz vein. 79
Fig. 3-53B. Arsenopyrite within quartz vein. 79
Fig. 3-54A. Altered rock around quartz vein. 80
Fig. 3-54B. Pyrite dot within altered rock. 80
Fig. 3-55A. Two stage quartz vein within altered rock. 80
Fig. 3-55B. Gray-white quartz vein within altered rock. 80
Fig. 3-56A. Dickite observed within quartz vein. 80
Fig. 3-56B. comb texture of quartz. 80
Fig. 3-57A. colloform texture developed within vug. 80
Fig. 3-57B. pinch and swell structure of quartz vein. 80
Fig. 3-58. Mineralogical paragenesis from Eunjeok and Sangeun mines. 82
Fig. 3-59. Reflected photomicrographs of ore specimens from Eunjeok and Sangeun mines. 82
Fig. 3-60. A; Adit sketch map of Sangeun mine(1:200 scale). B; Adit sketch map of Eunjeok mine(1:200 scale). 83
Fig. 3-61. Field survey map in the vicinity of Eunjeok and Sangeun mines. 85
Fig. 3-62A. Quartz veinlet in Outcrop-1. 85
Fig. 3-62B. Quartz veinlet observed within tuff. 85
Fig. 3-63A. Quartz vein in Outcrop-1. 85
Fig. 3-63B. Milky quartz vein and gray white quartz vein. 85
Fig. 3-64A. Quartz veinlet in Outcrop-1. 86
Fig. 3-64B. Quartz veinlet observed within tuff. 86
Fig. 3-65. Outcrop containing ore minerals from Eunjeok and Sangeun mines. 89
Fig. 3-66. Location map of the study area. 1=Ogchool mine, 2=Goosi mine, 3=Mingyung mine, 4=Dado mine, 5=Seongsan mine. 91
Fig. 3-67. Geologic map of the Gasado area. 97
Fig. 3-68. Major structural geologic map of the Gasado area. 97
Fig. 3-69. Scene of the entrance of former adit in the near of lighthouse area in the Gasado. 100
Fig. 3-70. Geology and sampling sites of the underground kaolin deposit. 101
Fig. 3-71. K₂O-Al₂O₃3 plots(wt %) for the samples of the underground workings. 107
Fig. 3-72. Primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns of the samples in the study area. 108
Fig. 3-73. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the samples caught in the underground workings. 109
Fig. 3-74. Ore grades of the underground workings. 110
Fig. 3-75. Geologic map and its sampling sites of the Ogchool mine. 113
Fig. 3-76. Quarry of the Ogchool mine in the Gasado, from the bottom to the surface of the earth, kaolinite fm. with purple layer, silicified fm. and tuff fm. are found. 113
Fig. 3-77. X-ray powder diffraction patterns(Cu Ka radiation) of the ores and their related rocks in the Ogchool mine(M=muscovife, PI-f=plagioclase feldspars, Q= quartz, K=kaolinite, K-f= alkali feldspar). 115
Fig. 3-78. Cross sectoions for the ore reserves calculation in the Ogchool mine. 116
Fig. 3-79. Geologic map and its sampling sites of the Goosi mine. 120
Fig. 3-80. Cross sectoions for the ore reserves calculation in the Goosi mine. 122
Fig. 3-81. Main quarries and outcrops of the Goosi mine district. A, Scene of the main quarries. B, Severely altered acidic tuff. C, Siliceous formation with well-stratified horizons. D, Severely altered tuffaceous rocks with black layers. E, Tuffaceous rocks with angular foreign block. F, Another far... 123
Fig. 3-82. X-ray powder diffraction patterns(Cu Kα radiation) of the ores and their related rocks in the Goosi mine(M=muscovite, P=pyrophyllite, Q= quartz, K=kaolinite). 124
Fig. 3-83. Main working places of Mingyung and Wando mine in the Nowhado 128
Fig. 3-84. Quarry of the Mingyung mine in the Nowhado from the bottom to the surface, pyrophyllite fm. with purple layer, silicified fm. and tuff fm. are found. 128
Fig. 3-85. X-ray powder diffraction patterns(Cu Kα radiation) of the ores and their related rocks in the Ogchool mine(Py=pyrophyllite, Q= quartz, K=kaolinite, D= diaspore). 129
Fig. 3-86. Some equilibrium relations showing the stability fields of kaolinite/pyrophyllite, muscovite and K-feldspar in the system K2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O(Revised from Meyer & Hemley 1967). An oval part roughly... 129
Fig. 3-87. X-ray powder diffraction patterns(Cu Kα radiation) of (A) ores and (B) their related rocks in the Jeonnam pyrophyllite/kaolinite province(P=pyrophyllite, Q= quartz, K=kaolinite, Pl-f=plagioclase feldspars, D=diaspore, C=corundum). 132
Fig. 3-88. A generalized mineral paragenesis of the major formations in the Jeonnam pyrophyllite/kaolinite province. Younger formations are arranged in a ascending order. Dot means the sporadical presence of the minerals in its formation. 133
Fig. 3-89. Al2O3-SiO2 plots(wt %) for the kaolinites(triangle) and pyrophyllite(circle) of the Jeonnam clay province 134
Fig. 3-90. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the kaolinites and pyrophyllites of the main deposits in the study area(kaolinite; dotted line, pyrophyllite; solid line). 135
Fig. 3-91. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the siliceous layers and tephra ones interbedded in the siliceous formations in the study area(tephra layers; dotted line, siliceous layers; solid line). 136
Fig. 3-92. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the purple layers on the uppermost parts of the clay formations in the study area(YR-1; solid triangle, YR-2; solid square, YR-16; solid diamond, YR-24; solid circle). YR-1 and YR-2=purple layer samples of the Ogchool(Oochool) mine, YR-16=purple layer... 138
Fig. 3-93. Relationship between resistivity and porosity for rock samples. 141
Fig. 3-94. Simplified geological model based on the mineralized zone model of Fig. 3-23 and resistivities of rock samples. Electrodes spacing is 25 m. Resistivities of bed rock and silicified zone are 330 and 1,080 ohm-m, respectively. 142
Fig. 3-95. Resistivity image of 2-D inversion result for the simplified geological model. The silicified zone shows higher resistivity compared to bed rock. 142
Fig. 3-96. Resistivity survey lines of Moisan. Electrodes spacing is 20m. 143
Fig. 3-97. Resistivity image of the Line-1. 145
Fig. 3-98. Resistivity image for Line-2. 145
Fig. 3-99. Resistivity image of the Line-3. 145
Fig. 3-100. Resistivity image of the Line-4. 145
Fig. 3-101. Mineralized zone extensibility of the Maoyi Mountain interpreted from resistivity images. 147
Fig. 3-102. Principle of flotation. 149
Fig. 3-103. Principle of flotation. 150
Fig. 3-104. Native floatability of ores. 151
Fig. 3-105. Equilibrium of sulfide mineral of S-H₂O. 152
Fig. 3-106. EPMA analysis of raw ore from Moisan. 154
Fig. 3-107. Au-Ag-Cu phase system. 154
Fig. 3-108. Particle distributed numbers of Pyrite crystals. 156
Fig. 3-109. Microphotograph of pyrite in gold raw mineral thin section. 156
Fig. 3-110. XRD diffraction patterns of samples grinded. 158
Fig. 3-111. XRD diffraction patterns of sample sorted by shaking table. 161
Fig. 3-112. Arrangement state of ore particles on shaking table by particle size and weight difference. 161
Fig. 3-113. XRD diffraction patterns of samples by Cyclosizer. 162
Fig. 3-114. XRD diffraction patterns of concentrate and tailing by flotation. 164
Fig. 3-115. XRD diffraction patterns of samples by flotation using Aeropromotor 407. 165
Fig. 3-116. Gravity separation experimental process of tailing. 167
Fig. 3-117. Flotation flow sheet of grinded tailing. 169
Fig. 3-118. Valuable recovery process by total process(sieving, grinding, flotation). 170
Fig. 3-119. Valuable recovery process by total process(sieving, gravity separation, grinding, flotation). 171
Fig. 3-120. Separation flow sheet proposal to improve flotation recovery of Soon-shin Co. 172
Fig. 3-121. Phase diagram of Au-Hg binary alloy. 173
Fig. 3-122. Flow sheet of cyanidation method for smelting gold. 174
Fig. 3-123. Flow sheet of electrolysis method for smelting gold from anode slime generated from the copper electrolytic refining process. 177
Fig. 3-124. Leaching apparatus (A: Agitator, B: Reactor, C: Watet Bath, D: Thermo Meter, E: pH-Eh meter). 181
Fig. 3-125. Effect of leaching time for leaching behavior of gold and silver. 182
Fig. 3-126. Effect of oxidant concentration for leaching behavior of gold and silver. 182
Fig. 3-127. Effect of Cu++ concentration for leaching behavior of gold and silver. 183
Fig. 3-128. Effect of solid/liquid ratio for leaching behavior of gold and silver. 183
Fig. 3-129. Effect of leaching temperature for leaching behavior of gold and silver. 184
Fig. 3-130. Effect of pH for leaching behavior of gold and silver. 184
Fig. 3-131. View of Moisan. 186
Fig. 3-132. View of Sunshin Exploration & Ming Co. Ltd. 186
Fig. 3-133. Location and traffic of Moisan mine. 186
Fig. 3-134. Portal of Moisan mine. 188
Fig. 3-135. Schematic view of the ramp in Moisan mine. 188
Fig. 3-136. Schematic view of openings in Moisan mine. 188
Fig. 3-137. Chute under a stope in Moisan mine. 188
Fig. 3-138. Mining method for the ore body with a steep slope. 190
Fig. 3-139. Mining method for the ore body with a gentle slope. 190
Fig. 3-140. Drilling machine and L.H.D utilized in Moisan mine. 191
Fig. 3-141. Drilling machine and L.H.D utilized in Moisan mine. 191
Fig. 3-142. L.H.D transporting ore loadings outside the opening. 191
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