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OECD 교육지표 2016 한국어판을 내면서 / 김재춘

목차

EDITORIAL : 교육에서 중요한 요소 측정: 교육을 위한 지속 가능한 발전 목표 모니터링 / Angel Gurría 17

INTRODUCTION : 지표와 구성체제 23

READER'S GUIDE 27

ABOUT THE NEW ISCED 2011 CLASSIFICATION 33

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 41

CHAPTER A. 교육기관의 산출 및 학습 효과(The Output of Educational Institutions and the Impact of Learning) 45

INDICATOR A1. 성인의 교육 이수(To what level have adults studied?) 46

A1.1. 25-64세 인구의 교육 이수(2015)(Educational attainment of 25-64 year-olds(2015)) 56

A1.2. 프로그램 유형별, 연령별 고등교육 이수 인구 비율 (2015)(Percentage of adults who have attained tertiary education, by type of programme and age group (2015)) 57

A1.3. 연령별 교육 이수 추이 (2005, 2015)(Trends in educational attainment, by age group (2005 and 2015)) 58

A1.4. 교육과정별 25-34세 교육 이수 (2015)(EducationaI attainment of 25-34 year-olds, by programme orientation (2015)) 60

A1.5. 성별 고등교육 이수자의 교육 분야 (2012 혹은 2015)(Field of education studied among tertiary-educated adults, by gender(2012 or 2015)) 61

INDICATOR A2. 후기중등교육 이수(How many students are expected to complete upper secondary education?) 64

A2.1. 후기중등교육 및 중등후 비고등교육 졸업률 (2014)(Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary graduation rates (2014)) 76

A2.2. 후기 중등교육 졸업자 특성 (2014)(Profile of upper secondary graduates from general and vocational programmes (2014)) 77

A2.3. 중등후 비고등교육 직업계 프로그램 졸업자 특성 (2014)(Profile of post-secondary non-tertiary graduates from vocational programmes(2014)) 78

A2.4. 후기중등교육 및 중등후 비고등교육 졸업률 추이 (2005, 2010, 2014)(Trends in upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary graduation rates (2005, 2010 and 2014)) 79

INDICATOR A3. 고등교육 이수의 특징(How many young people are expected to compIete tertiary education and what is their profiIe?) 80

A3.1. 고등교육단계별 최초 졸업률 (2014)(First-time graduation rates, by tertiary IeveI (2014)) 89

A3.2. 최초 고등교육 졸업생 특성 (2014)(Profile of a first-time tertiary graduate (2014)) 90

A3.3. 교육분야별, 전체 고등교육 졸업생 성비 (2014)(Gender ratio for all tertiary graduates, by field of education (2014)) 91

A3.4. 고등교육 ISCED 수준별, 여학생과 국제교류학생 비율 (2014)(Percentage of female, international first-time graduates and average age, by tertiary ISCED level (2014)) 92

A3.5. 고등교육 ISCED 수준별, 과학 및 공학 프로그램을 졸업한 전체 학생 및 국제교류학생 비율 (2014)(Percentage of all students and international students who graduate from sciences and engineering programmes, by tertiary ISCED Ievel (2014) 94

A3.6. 고등교육 ISCED 수준별, 최초 졸업률 추이 (2005, 2010, 2014)(Trends in first-time graduation rates, by tertiary ISCED leveIs (2005, 2010, 2014)) 95

INDICATOR A4. 부모의 배경이 교육수준에 미치는 영향(To what extent does parents' background influence educational attainment?) 96

A4.1. 부모의 교육 수준별 국내와 외국 태생 부모를 가진 2544세 비율 (2012 or 2015)(Percentage of 25-44 year-olds with native-born and foreign-born parents, by educational attainment (2012 or 2015)) 107

A4.2. 부모의 이민 배경별 부모의 교육 수준 (2012 or 2015)(Parents' educational attainment, by parents' immigrant status (2012 or 2015)) 108

A4.3. 부모의 교육 수준별, 이민 배경별 세대 간 교육이동성 (2012 or 2015)(Intergenerational mobility in education, by parents' educational attainment and immigrant status (2012 or 2015)) 109

A4.4. 부모의 교육 수준별 세대 간 교육이동성 (2012 or 2015)(Intergenerational mobility in education, by father's and mother's educational attainment (2012 or 2015)) 112

INDICATOR A5. 학력이 노동시장 참여에 미치는 영향(How does educational attainment affect participation in the labour market?) 114

A5.1. 교육수준별 고용률 (2015)(Employment rates, by educational attainment (2015)) 129

A5.2. 교육수준별 실업률 (2015)(Unemployment rates, by educational attainment (2015)) 130

A5.3. 교육수준별, 연령별 고용률 추이 (2005, 2015)(Trends in employment rates, by educational attainment and age group (2005 and 2015)) 131

A5.4. 교육수준별, 연령별 실업률 추이 (2005, 2015)(Trends in unemployment rates, by educational attainment and age group (2005 and 2015)) 132

A5.5. 교육과정별, 교육수준별 25-34세 성인의 경제활동 상태 (2015)(Employment, unemployment and inactivity rates of 25-34 year-old adults, by programme orientation and educational attainment (2015)) 133

A5.6. 교육 분야별, 성별 고등교육 이수자 고용률 (2012 or 2015)(Employment rates of tertiary-educated adults, by field of education studied and gender (2012 or 2015)) 134

A5.7. 교육수준별 업무 중 ICT 활용 정도 (2012 or 2015)(Frequency of use of information and communication technologies at work, by educational attainment (2012 or 2015)) 135

A5.8. 주요 산업별 업무에서 ICT 능숙도, 활용 및 필요성 (2012 or 2015)(Proficiency, use and need of information and communication technologies at work, by main industry (2012 or 2015)) 136

A5.9(L). 직업 및 교육 수준별, 언어능력 평균 점수 (2012 or 2015)(Mean literacy score, by occupation and level of education (2012 or 2015)) 138

INDICATOR A6. 교육의 경제적 효과(What are the earnings advantages from education?) 140

A6.1. 교육수준별 전일제 상용근로자의 상대적 임금 지수 (2014)(Relative earnings of full-time full-year workers, by educational attainment (2014)) 153

A6.2. 교육수준별, 연령별 남성과 여성 근로자간의 임금 격차 (2014)(Differences in earnings between female and male workers, by educational attainment and age group (2014)) 154

A6.3. 교육수준별, 전체 근로소득자 중 전일제, 상용근로자, 시간제 근로자, 무소득자 비율 (2014)(Percentage of full-time, full-year earners, part-time earners and people with no earnings, by educational attainment (2014)) 155

A6.4. 교육분야별, 성별 고등교육 이수자의 평균 월급 (2012 or 2015)(Mean monthly earnings of tertiary-educated adults, by field of education studied and gender (2012 or 2015)) 158

INDICATOR A7. 교육투자에 대한 동기(What are the financial incentives to invest in education?) 162

A7.1a. 후기중등교육 혹은 중등후 비고등교육을 이수한 남성의 사적 순현재가치 (2012)(Private costs and benefits for a man attaining upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education (2012)) 175

A7.1b. 후기중등교육 혹은 중등후 비고등교육을 이수한 여성의 사적 순현재가치 (2012)(Private costs and benefits for a woman attaining upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education (2012)) 176

A7.2a. 후기중등교육 혹은 중등후 비고등교육을 이수한 남성의 공적 순현재가치 (2012)(Public costs and benefits for a man attaining upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education (2012)) 177

A7.2b. 후기중등교육 혹은 중등후 비고등교육을 이수한 여성의 공적 순현재가치 (2012)(Public costs and benefits for a woman attaining upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education (2012)) 178

A7.3a. 고등교육을 이수한 남성의 사적 순현재가치 (2012)(Private costs and benefits for a man attaining tertiary education (2012)) 179

A7.3b. 고등교육을 이수한 여성의 사적 순현재가치 (2012)(Private costs and benefits for a woman attaining tertiary education (2012)) 180

A7.4a. 고등교육을 이수한 남성의 공적 순현재가치 (2012)(Public costs and benefits for a man attaining tertiary education (2012)) 181

A7.4b. 고등교육을 이수한 여성의 공적 순현재가치 (2012)(Public costs and benefits for a woman attaining tertiary education (2012)) 182

INDICATOR A8. 교육의 사회적 성과(How are social outcomes related to education?) 184

A8.1(L). 교육수준별, 언어능력 수준별, 성별, 건강하다고 보고한 성인 비율 (2012 or 2015)(Percentage of adults reporting that they are in good health, by educational attainment, literacy proficiency level and gender (2012 or 2015)) 195

A8.2a. 교육 수준별, 성별, 건강 문제로 활동 제한이 있다고 보고한 성인의 비율 (2014)(Percentage of adults reporting activity limitation due to health problem, by educational attainment and age group (2014)) 196

A8.3a. 교육수준별 오늘날과 5년 후의 삶의 만족도 (2015)(Life satisfaction today and in 5 years, by educational attainment (2015)) 197

INDICATOR A9. 고등교육 완수율(How many students complete tertiary education?) 198

A9.1. 교육수준별, 성별, 조사방법 및 기간별 전일제 학생의 완수율 (2014)(Completion rate of full-time students by level of education, gender, method and duration (2014)) 208

A9.2. 법정 수학연한(N)과 이후 3년(N+3)별, 해당 교육 수준을 입학한 전일제 학생 분포 (2014)(Distribution of full-time students who entered a given educational level, by theoretical duration (N) and theoretical duration plus three years (N+3) (2014)) 209

CHAPTER B. 교육에 투자된 재정 및 인적자원(Financial and Human Resources Invested in Education) 211

INDICATOR B1. 학생 1인당 공교육비(How much is spent per student?) 214

B1.1. 교육단계별 연간 학생 1인당 공교육비 (2013)(Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions for all services (2013)) 229

B1.2. 교육단계별 학생 1인당 연간 교육 핵심 서비스 비용, 부가서비스 비용 및 연구개발비 (2013)(Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions for core services, ancillary services and R&D (2013)) 230

B1.3. 교육단계별 초중등교육 기대교육기간 동안 학생 1인당 누적 공교육비 (2013)(Cumulative expenditure per student by educational institutions over the expected duration of primary and secondary studies (2013)) 231

B1.4. 교육단계별 국민 1인당 GDP 대비 전체 서비스에 대한 학생 1인당 연간 공교육비 (2013)(Annual expenditure per student by educational institutions for all services, relative to per capita GDP (2013)) 232

B1.5a. 초등, 중등 및 중등후 비고등교육 단계 학생 1인당 공교육비 및 영향 요인 변화 추이 (2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)(Change in expenditure per student by educatinal institutions for all services, relative to different factors, at the primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary levels of education (2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)) 233

B1.5b. 고등교육 단계 학생 1인당 공교육비 및 영향 요인 변화 추이 (2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)(Change in expenditure per student by tertiary educational institutions for all services, relative to different factors (2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)) 234

INDICATOR B2. GDP 대비 공교육비(What proportion of national wealth is spent on education?) 236

B2.1. 교육단계별 GDP 대비 공교육비 비율 (2013)(Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by level of education (2013)) 244

B2.2. 교육단계별 GDP 대비 공교육비 비율 추이 (2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)(Trends in expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by level of education (2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013)) 245

B2.3. 재원별, 교육단계별 GDP 대비 공교육비 비율 (2013)(Expenditure on educational institutions as a percentage of GDP, by source of funding and level of education (2013)) 246

B2.4. GDP 대비 정부부담 공교육비의 변화 (2008, 2010, 2013)(Change in public expenditure on education institutions as a percentage of GDP (2008, 2010, 2013)) 247

INDICATOR B3. 정부부담과 민간부담 공교육비(How much public and private investment in education is there?) 248

B3.1a. 교육단계별 정부부담 공교육비와 민간부담 공교육비의 상대적 비중 (2013)(Relative proportions of public and private expenditure on educational institutions, by level of education (2013)) 257

B3.1b. 교육단계별 정부부담 공교육비와 민감부담 공교육비의 세부요소의 상대적 비중 (2013)(Relative proportions of public and private expenditure on educational institutions, by level of education (2013)) 258

B3.2a. 초등, 중등, 중등후 비고등교육 단계에서 정부부담 공교육비의 상대적 비중 추이와 민간 및 정부부담 공교육비 변화지수 (2005, 2008, 2010에서 2013까지)(Trends in the relative proportion of public expenditure on educational institutions and index of change in public and private expenditure, at primary, secondary, post-secondary non-tertiary level (2005, 2008, 2010 to 2013)) 259

B3.2b. 고등교육 단계에서 정부부담 공교육비의 상대적 비중 추이와 민간 및 정부부담 공교육비 변화지수 (2005, 2008, 2010에서 2013까지)(Trends in the relative proportion of public expenditure on tertiary educational institutions and index of change in public and private expenditure (2005, 2008, 2010 to 2013)) 260

B3.3. 학교유형별 학생 1인당 연간 정부부담 공교육비 (2013)(Annual public expenditure on educational institutions per student, by type of institution (2013)) 261

INDICATOR B4. 총 정부부담 공교육비(What is the total public spending on education?) 262

B4.1. 총 정부부담 공교육비 비율 (2013)(Total public expenditure on education (2013)) 272

B4.2. 초등에서 고등교육 단계에서의 총 정부부담 공교육비 추이 (2005, 2008, 2010, 2013)(Trends in total public expenditure on primary to tertiary education (2005, 2008, 2010 and 2013)) 273

B4.3. 정부수준별 정부 재원의 출처 비중 (2013)(Share of sources of public funds by level of government (2013)) 274

INDICATOR B5. 고등교육단계 학생의 등록금과 정부보조금(How much do tertiary students pay and what public support do they receive?) 276

B5.1. 교육기관별 연간 평균 등록금 추정치 (단기 고등교육, 학사, 석사 혹은 이에 상응하는 단계) (2013/14)(Estimated annual average tuition fees charged by educational institutions (short-cycle tertiary, bachelor's and master's, doctoral or equivalent levels) (2013/14)) 288

B5.2. 교육기관(ISCED 단계 5-7)에 의해 부과된 등록금 변화 추정치 및 최근 고등교육에서 실행된 등록금 관련 개혁 (2013/14)(Estimated index of changes in the tuition fees charged by educational institutions (ISCED levels 5 to 7) and reforms related to tuition fees implemented in recent years on tertiary education (2013/14)) 290

B5.3. 외국인 학생에 대해 교육기관에서 부과한 연평균 등록금 추정치 (2013/14)(Estimated annual average tuition fees charged by educational institutions for foreign students (2013/14)) 292

B5.4. 고등교육에서의 정부 학자금 대출(2013/14)과 수혜자 수 추이 (2004/05, 2014/15)(Public loans to students in tertiary education (2013/14) and trends in the number of beneficiaries (2004/05 and 2014/15)) 294

B5.5. 학사, 석사, 박사 혹은 이에 상응하는 프로그램에 대한 정부 학자금 대출의 대출금 상환과 상환 감면 (2013/14)(Repayment and remission of public loans to students in bachelor's, master's, doctoral or equivalent programmes (academic year 2013/14)) 297

INDICATOR B6. 교육 서비스와 재원별 교육비 지출(On what resources and services is education funding spent?) 300

B6.1. 교육단계별 경상비와 자본비 비중 (2013)(Share of current and capital expenditure by education level (2013)) 306

B6.2. 자원유형별 경상비 분포 (2013)(Distribution of current expenditure by resource category (2013)) 307

B6.3. 교육기관 유형별, 자원유형별 경상비 비중 (2013)(Share of current expenditure by resource category and type of institution (2013)) 308

INDICATOR B7. 교육비 지출 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인(Which factors influence the level of expenditure on education?) 310

B7.1. 교육단계별 학생 1인당 교사 급여 (2014)(Salary cost of teachers per student, by level of education (2014)) 321

B7.2a. 초등교육단계 국공립 교육기관 학생 1인당 교사 급여 산정 요인(2010, 2014)(Factors used to compute the salary cost of teachers per student in public institutions, in primary education (2010 and 2014)) 322

B7.2b. 전기중등교육단계 국공립 교육기관 학생 1인당 교사 급여 산정 요인 (2010, 2014)(Factors used to compute the salary cost of teachers per student in public institutions, in lower secondary education (2010 and 2014)) 324

B7.2c. 후기중등교육단계 국공립 교육기관 학생 1인당 교사 급여 산정 요인 (2014)(Factors used to compute the salary cost of teachers per student in public institutions, in upper secondary education (2014)) 326

B7.3. 초등교육단계 학생 1인당 교사 급여에 대한 여러 요인의 기여도 (2014)(Contribution of various factors to salary cost of teachers per student in primary education (2014)) 327

B7.4. 전기중등교육단계 학생 1인당 교사 급여에 대한 여러 요인의 기여도 (2014)(Contribution of various factors to salary cost of teachers per student in lower secondary education (2014)) 328

B7.5. 후기중등교육단계 학생 1인당 교사 급여에 대한 여러 요인의 기여도 (2014)(Contribution of various factors to salary cost of teachers per student in upper secondary education (2014)) 329

CHAPTER C. 교육에의 접근·참여와 발달(Access to Education, Participation and Progression) 331

INDICATOR C1. 교육 참여자(Who participates in education?) 332

C1.1. 연령별 취학률 및 기대교육년수 (2014)(Enrolment rates and expected years in education, by age group (2014)) 344

C1.2. 15-20세 인구의 취학률 (2014)(Students enrolled as a percentage of the population between the ages of 15 and 20 (2014)) 345

C1.3a. 프로그램 특성 및 연령대별 후기중등교육 학생 비율 (2014)(Enrolment of students in upper secondary education, by programme orientation and age group (2014)) 346

C1.4. 교육수준·연령대별 시간제 학생 비율 (2014)(Percentage of students enrolled part time, by education level and age group (2014)) 347

C1.5. 특정연령대별 취학률 추이 (2005, 2014)(Change in enrolment rates for selected age groups (2005 and 2014)) 348

INDICATOR C2.영유아교육 체제(How do early childhood education systems differ around the world?) 350

C2.1. 연령별 영유아교육 및 초등교육 취학률 (2005, 2014)(Enrolment rates in early childhood and primary education, by age (2005 and 2014)) 362

C2.2. 영아교육 발달 프로그램과 유아교육의 특성 (2014)(Profile of early childhood educational development programmes and pre-primary education (2014)) 363

C2.3. 영유아교육기관에 대한 지출 (2013)(Expenditure on early childhood educational institutions (2013)) 364

C2.4. 교육(보육제외)과 통합 유아교육 프로그램의 특성 (2014)(Profile of education-only and integrated pre-primary programmes (2014)) 365

C2.5. OECD 및 비회원국의 영유아교육 프로그램 범위(Coverage of early childhood education programmes in OECD and partner countries) 366

INDICATOR C3. 고등교육 입학(How many students are expected to enter tertiary education?) 370

C3.1. 고등교육 수준별 최초 입학자의 특성 (2014)(First-time entry rates, by tertiary level (2014)) 379

C3.2. 고등교육 최초 입학자의 특성 (2014)(Profile al first-time new entrants into tertiary education (2014)) 380

C3.3. 고등교육 수준별 고등교육 최초 입학자의 특성 (2014)(Profile of a first-time new entrant into tertiary education, by tertiary level (2014)) 381

C3.4. 고등교육 수준별 입학률 추이 (2005, 2010, 2014)(Trends in entry rates, by tertiary level (2005, 2010, 2014)) 382

INDICATOR C4. 해외 유학생과 체류 국가(Who studies abroad and where?) 384

C4.1. 고등교육단계 국제교류학생 이동과 외국인학생 (2014)(International student mobility and foreign students in tertiary education (2014)) 398

C4.2. 전공분야별, 국가 간 이동 유형별 고등교육 여학생 비율 (2014)(Female students enrolled in tertiary education as a share of total enrolment, by field of education and mobility status (2014)) 399

C4.3. 외국인학생 및 국제교류학생의 이동 양상 (2014)(Mobility patterns of foreign and international students (2014)) 400

C4.4. 출신국가별 해외 석박사과정 또는 상응수준 단계 국제교류학생 및 외국인학생 분포 (2014)(Distribution of international and foreign students in master's and doctoral or equivalent programmes, by country of origin (2014)) 401

C4.5. 체류국가별 해외 석박사과정 해외 유학생 비율 (2014)(Students abroad in master's and doctoral or equivalent programmes, by country of destination (2014)) 403

INDICATOR C5. 교육에서 직업으로의 이동: 15-29세(Transition from school to work: where are the 15-29 year-olds?) 406

C5.1. 고용상태별, 15-29세 및 20-24세 인구의 교육 및 비교육 비율 (2015)(Percentage of 15-29 year-olds and 20-24 year-olds in education/not in education, by work status (2015)) 419

C5.2. 고용상태별, 성별 15-29세 인구 및 20-24세 인구의 교육 및 비교육 비율 추이 (2005, 2015)(Trends in the percentage of 15-29 year-olds, and 20-24 year-olds in education/not in education, employed or not, by gender (2000 and 2015)) 421

C5.3(L). 언어능력 수준별 NEET 인구 비율 (2012 or 2015)(Percentage of NEETs, by literacy proficiency (2012 or 2015)) 424

C5.3a(L). NEET 인구 및 취업자의 언어능력 평균점수 (2012 or 2015)(NEET and employed mean literacy score (2012 or 2015)) 425

INDICATOR C6. 성인의 교육 및 학습 참여(How many adults participate in education and learning?) 426

C6.1. 일상생활 읽기역량 활용지수별, 형식/비형식 교육 참여율 (2012 or 2015)(Participation in formal and/or non.formal education, by index of use of reading skills in everyday life (2012 or 2015)) 438

C6.2. 성별, 언어능력 및 학습준비도 지수별 형식/비형식교육 참여율 (2012 or 2015)(Participation in formal and/or non-formal education, by gender, literacy proficiency level and index of readiness to learn (2012 or 2015)) 439

C6.4. 평균 비형식교육 참여시간 및 참여율(2012 or 2015)(Participation in formal and/or non-formal education, by gender, literacy proficiency level and index of readiness to learn (2012 or 2015)) 442

CHAPTER D. 학습환경 및 학교조직(The Learning Environment and Organisation of Schools) 443

INDICATOR D1. 학생의 수업시간(How much time do students spend in the classroom?) 444

D1.1. 일반계 의무교육의 학습시간 (2016)(Instruction time in compulsory general education (2016)) 455

D1.2. 일반계 의무교육의 구성 (2016)(Organisation of compulsory general education (2016)) 457

D1.3a. 초등교육단계 과목별 학습시간 (2016)(Instruction time per subject in primary education (2016)) 458

D1.3b. 일반계 전기중등교육단계 과목별 학습시간 (2016)(Instruction time per subject in general lower secondary education (2016)) 459

INDICATOR D2. 교사 1인당 학생 수와 학급당 학생 수(What is the student-teacher ratio and how big are classes?) 460

D2.1. 학교유형 별 평균 학급당 학생 수(2014)와 2005년에서 2014년 사이 변화 지수(Average class size by type of institution (2014) and index of change between 2005 and 2014) 468

D2.2. 교육단계별 교사 1인당 학생 수 (2014)(Ratio of students to teaching staff in educational institutions (2014)) 470

D2.3. 학교유형별 교사 1인당 학생 수 (2014)(Ratio of students to teaching staff, by type of institution (2014)) 471

INDICATOR D3. 교사의 급여(How much are teachers paid?) 472

D3.1a. 경력별 교사 법정급여 (2014)(Teachers' statutory salaries, based on typical qualifications, at different points in teachers' careers (2014)) 491

D3.2a. 고등교육 이수 근로자 임금 대비 교사의 실질 급여 (2014)(Teachers' actual salaries relative to wages of tertiary-educated workers (2014)) 493

D3.3a. 전형적 자격을 갖춘 교사의 법정 급여 비교 (2014)(Comparison of teachers' statutory salaries, based on typical qualifications (2014)) 494

D3.4. 연령별, 성별 교사 평균 실질 급여 (2014)(Average actual teachers' salaries, by age group and by gender (2014)) 495

D3.5a. 2000~2014년 교사 급여 추이(Trends in teachers' salaries, based on typical qualifications, between 2000 and 2014) 496

D3.7. 교육수준별 국공립학교 교사의 기본 급여 및 추가 수당 관련 기준 (2014)(Criteria used for base salary and additional payments awarded to teachers in public institutions, by level of education (2014)) 497

INDICATOR D4. 교사의 수업시간(How much time do teachers spend teaching?) 500

D4.1. 교사의 근무시간 구성 (2014)(Organisation of teachers' working time (2014)) 511

D4.2. 연간 수업시간 (2000, 2005, 2010, 2014)(Number of teaching hours per year (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014)) 512

D4.3. 교육단계별 교사의 업무 및 책무 (2014)(Tasks and responsibilities of teachers, by level of education (2014)) 513

INDICATOR D5. 교사(Who are the teachers?) 514

D5.1. 교사의 연령분포 (2014)(Age distribution of teachers (2014)) 521

D5.2. 교사의 연령분포 (2005, 2014)(Age distribution of teachers (2005, 2014)) 522

D5.3. 교사의 성별 분포 (2014)(Gender distribution of teachers (2014)) 523

INDICATOR D6. 학교장의 특성과 임무(Who are our school leaders and what do they do?) 524

D6.1. 전기중등교육 학교장의 성별 및 연령 (TALIS 2013)(Gender and age of principals in lower secondary education (TALIS 2013)) 536

D6.2. 전기중등교육 학교장의 고용 상태 (TALIS 2013)(Employment status of principals in lower secondary education (TALIS 2013)) 537

D6.3. 전기중등교육 학교장의 리더십 (TALIS 2013)(Principals' leadership in lower secondary education (TALIS 2013)) 538

D6.4. 전기중등교육 학교장의 학교개발 계획 참여 (TALIS 2013)(Principals' participation in a school development plan in lower secondary education (TALIS 2013)) 539

D6.5. 전기중등교육 학교장의 리더십 활동에 대한 권한 공유 (TALIS 2013)(Shared responsibility for leadership activities in lower secondary education (TALIS 2013)) 540

D6.6. 전기중등교육 학교장의 최근 전문성 계발 (TALIS 2013)(Principals' recent professional development in lower secondary education (TALIS 2013)) 541

D6.7. 교사의 학교운영 참여에 대한 학교장의 시각 (PISA 2012)(Principal's views on teacher participation in school management (PISA 2012)) 542

ANNEX 1. 교육체제의 특성(Characteristics of Education Systems) 545

X1.1a. 교육단계별 통상적 졸업연령 (2014)(Typical graduation ages, by level of education (2014)) 546

X1.1b. 교육단계별 통상적 입학연령 (2014)(Typical age of entry by level of education (2014)) 548

X1.2a. OECD 회원국의 지표 산출을 위해 사용된 학년도와 회계연도(School year and financial year used for the calculation of indicators, OECD countries) 549

X1.2b. OECD 비회원국의 지표 산출을 위해 사용된 학년도와 회계연도(School year and financial year used for the calculation of Indicators, partner countries) 550

X1.3. 의무교육을 받는 학생들의 시작연령 및 종료연령 (2014)(Starting and ending age for students in compulsory education (2014)) 551

ANNEX 2. 참고 통계(Reference Statistics) 553

X2.1. 기초 참고 통계 (기준년도: 역년 2013, 2014)(Basic reference statistics (reference period: calendar year 2013, 2014)) 554

X2.2. 기초 참고 통계 (기준년도: 역년 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 경상가격)(Basic reference statistics (reference period: calendar year 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 current prices)) 555

X2.3. 기초 참고 통계 (기준년도: 역년 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 고정가격)(Basic reference statistics (reference period: calendar year 2005, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012 in constant prices of 2013)) 556

X2.4a. 전형적 자격을 갖춘 교사의 경력별 법정 급여 (2014)(Teachers' statutory salaries at different points in their careers, for teachers with typical qualification (2014)) 557

X2.4b. 최소 자격을 갖춘 교사의 경력별 법정 급여 (2014)(Teachers' statutory salaries at different points in their careers, for teachers with minimum qualification (2014)) 559

X2.4c. 2000-2014년도 전형적 자격을 갖춘 교사 급여 추이(Trends in teachers' salaries between 2000 and 2014, for teachers with typical qualification) 561

X2.4d. 2000-2014년도 최소 자격을 갖춘 교사 급여 추이(Trends in teachers' salaries between 2000 and 2014, for teachers with minimum qualification) 563

X2.4e. 교사 급여 산출에 사용된 참고 통계 (2000, 2005-2014)( Reference statistics used in calculating teachers' salaries (2000, 2005-14)) 565

X2.4f. 자국 화폐 단위의 평균 실질 교사 급여 (2000, 2005, 2010-2014)(Trends in average teachers' actual salaries, in national currency(2000, 2005, 2010, 2014)) 566

X2.5. 자격별 15년 경력을 갖춘 교사 (2014)(Teachers with 15 years of experience, by level of qualification (2014)) 568

X2.6. 최종학력별 유아교육, 초등교육, 전기중등교육, 후기중등교육 교사 비율 (2014)(Percentage of pre-primary, primary, lower secondary and upper secondary teachers, by level of attainment (2014)) 569

ANNEX 3. 출처, 방법론, 주석(Sources, Methods and Technical Notes) 571

용어사전(Glossary) 573

관련 OECD 발간물(Related OECD Publications) 586

판권기 591