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Abstract 9
제1장 연구의 개요 20
제1절 연구 추진 배경 및 필요성 20
제2절 연구 추진 목적 21
제3절 연구 수행 방법 22
제4절 연구 추진 체계 23
제5절 연구원 업무 분담표 24
제6절 연구수행 계획 수립 25
1. 2015년(담수어류 중 잔류성 유기오염물질의 축적성 연구 (Ⅳ)) 25
2. 2016년(담수어류 중 잔류성 유기오염물질의 축적성 연구 (Ⅴ)) 25
3. 2017년(담수어류 중 잔류성 유기오염물질의 축적성 연구 (Ⅵ)) 26
제2장 서론 27
제1절 연구 배경 및 필요성 27
1. HBCDs 27
2. PFASs 31
3. OPFRs 35
4. PCNs 38
제2절 연구대상물질의 국내ㆍ외 연구동향 40
1. HBCDs 40
2. PFASs 44
3. OPFRs 47
4. PCNs 49
제3장 연구내용 및 방법 51
제1절 과업의 범위 51
1. 대상 지역 51
2. 대상 시료 52
3. 분석대상 화학종 52
제2절 연구 내용 55
제3절 시료채취 지점 56
1. 시료 채취 지점과 채취 방법 56
제4절 분석절차 및 사용기기 62
1. HBCDs 62
2. PFASs 65
3. OPFRs 68
4. PCNs 71
제5절 정성 및 정량분석 74
1. 분석기기의 조건 74
2. 정성 및 정량분석 78
3. 검량선 85
4. 검출한계 및 회수율 89
제4장 연구결과 및 고찰 97
제1절 주요 하천에서 HBCDs의 환경잔류 특성 97
1. 주요 하천 하천수 중 HBCDs 잔류농도 97
2. 주요 하천의 하천 퇴적물 중 HBCDs 잔류농도 100
3. 주요 하천의 붕어 체내 잔류농도 104
4. 주요 하천의 피라미 체내 잔류농도 116
5. 생물농축특성 및 근육에서 알로의 전이 특성 121
제2절 송사리 서식지에서 PFASs의 환경잔류 특성 133
1. 송사리 서식지의 하천수 중 PFASs 잔류농도 133
제3절 낙동강 수계 내 OPFRs 스크리닝 134
1. 낙동강 수계 내 하천수 및 퇴적물 스크리닝 134
2. 낙동강 수계 내 붕어 체내 잔류농도 및 분포특성 137
3. OPFRs의 환경 중 생물 농축특성 및 근육에서 알로의 전이특성 145
제4절 낙동강 수계 내 PCNs 사전 모니터링 148
1. 주요 하천의 하천수 및 퇴적물 사전 모니터링 148
2. 낙동강 수계 내 생체시료 농도 및 분포 패턴 153
3. PCNs의 환경 중 생물 농축특성 및 근육에서 알로의 전이특성 168
제5장 결론 170
제6장 참고문헌 173
Table 1-1. Physico-chemical properties of HBCDs 27
Table 1-2. Structure and physico-chemical properties of target PFAS 33
Table 1-3. Physicochemical characteristics of OPFRs 35
Table 1-4. PCNs homologues and and CAS number 38
Table 1-5. HBCDs concentration in environmental matrix 43
Table 1-6. PFASs concentration in Regional waste water, Sediment and Biota 45
Table 1-7. Regulated PFASs by Korean Chemical materials management Law 46
Table 1-8. Circulation volume of PFASs as C8~C20 in Korea 46
Table 1-9. PCNs concentration in environmental matrix 50
Table 2-1. Target HBCDs in this study 53
Table 2-2. Target PFASs in this study 53
Table 2-3. Target OPFRs in this study 54
Table 2-4. Target PCNs in this study 54
Table 2-5. Description of sampling sites and the number of samples in each matrix 59
Table 2-6. Sampling information of Namhan River 60
Table 2-7. Sampling information of Nakdong River 60
Table 2-8. Sampling information of Yeongsan River 61
Table 2-9. Instrumental operating conditions of HBCDs 74
Table 2-10. Instrumental operating conditions of PFASs 75
Table 2-11. Instrumental operating conditions of OPFRs 76
Table 2-12. Instrumental operating conditions of PCNs 77
Table 2-13. MRM condition of HBCDs 78
Table 2-14. MRM condition of PFASs 80
Table 2-15. Instrument condition of OPFRs 81
Table 2-16. Instrument condition of PCNs 82
Table 2-17. Average recovery of HBCDs in samples 89
Table 2-18. MDLs of HBCDs in each sample matrix 90
Table 2-19. Accuracy of developed analytical method for HBCDs in various samples 90
Table 2-20. LOD and LOQ in water, sediment and biota(PFASs) 92
Table 2-21. MDLs of OPFRs in each sample matrix 93
Table 2-22. Recovery range of OPFRs in samples 94
Table 2-23. Accuracy and precision of each method for OPFRs analysis 94
Table 2-24. MDLs of PCNs 95
Table 2-25. Average recovery of PCNs in samples 96
Table 2-26. Accuracy of developed analytical method for PCNs in various samples 96
Table 3-1. HBCDs concentration in river water of two years monitoring 98
Table 3-2. Comparison with other previous studies on HBCDs in water 99
Table 3-3. HBCDs concentration in sediment of major rivers 101
Table 3-4. Comparison of HBCDs in sediment with previous study 103
Table 3-5. Lipid contents, HSI, GSI and metric trait of crucian carp 104
Table 3-6. HBCDs concentration in crucian carp muscle 109
Table 3-7. HBCDs concentration in crucian carp muscle 110
Table 3-8. HBCDs concentration in crucian carp blood 111
Table 3-9. HBCDs concentration in crucian carp liver 112
Table 3-10. HBCDs concentration in crucian carp egg 113
Table 3-11. HBCDs concentration in minnnow whole body 118
Table 3-12. Comparison with other previous studies on HBCDs in fish 120
Table 3-13. Mean bioconcentration factor of HBCDs in biota 122
Table 3-14. The previous studies result of BCF in HBCDs and other POPs compounds 123
Table 3-15. The calculated biota-sediment accumulation factor(BSAF) in fish 125
Table 3-16. The BSAF in HBCDs and other POPs compounds in previous studies 126
Table 3-17. Correlation coefficient (r) range and corresponding relevance level 127
Table 3-18. Correlations of HBCDs between each crucian carp part 128
Table 3-19. Correlations of HBCDs between crucian carp and body weight and Total length 130
Table 3-20. MTR of HBCDs in this study and other studies 132
Table 3-21. The results of OPFRs from previous studies on river water 136
Table 3-22. The results of OPFRs from previous studies on sediment 136
Table 3-23. Comparison of OPFRs concentration in various fish species with previous related studies 140
Table 3-24. MTR of OPFRs in this study 145
Table 3-25. Bioconcentration factor of OPFRs 146
Table 3-26. BSAF of OPFRs 147
Table 3-27. PCNs concentration in sediment 149
Table 3-28. The results of PCNs from previous studies on sediment 151
Table 3-29. PCNs concentration in crucian carp samples from Nakdong river 153
Table 3-30. PCNs concentration in the muscle of minnow whole body 155
Table 3-31. Comparison of PCNs concentration in various fish species with previous related studies 158
Table 3-32. The reported TEF values for PCNs 161
Table 3-33. The TEF of PCNs 161
Table 3-34. Total PCNs concentration and their TEQ values in various samples of this study 162
Table 3-35. Detection frequency of CN-66/67 and 73 in samples 165
Table 3-36. MTR of PCNs in this study 168
Table 3-37. BSAF of PCNs 169
Fig. 1-1. The structure of representative HBCDs 27
Fig. 1-2. Transport and fate mechanisms of flame retardants in the freshwater ecosystem 28
Fig. 1-3. Distribution of HBCDs isomer 29
Fig. 1-4. The structure of representative PFASs 32
Fig. 1-5. The representative structures of OPFRs 35
Fig. 1-6. The fate of OPFRs in various environmental media 36
Fig. 1-7.Construction of PCNs 38
Fig. 1-8. Number of SCI papers about HBCDs 40
Fig. 1-9. Concentrations of residual HBCD in soil samples under aerobic conditions 41
Fig. 1-10. Trend of HBCDs concentration by countries 42
Fig. 1-11. Number of SCI papers about PFOS and PFOA in water, sediment and fish 44
Fig. 1-12. The number of SCI papers about OPFRs 47
Fig. 1-13. Number of SCI papers about PCNs 49
Fig. 2-1. Sampling sites in rivers 57
Fig. 2-2. Sampling sites for medaka fish habitats 58
Fig. 2-3. Analytical procedure of HBCDs in water 62
Fig. 2-4. Analytical procedure of HBCDs in sediment 63
Fig. 2-5. Analytical procedure of HBCDs in fish 64
Fig. 2-6. Analytical procedure of PFASs in water 66
Fig. 2-7. Analytical procedure of PFASs in sediment and fish tissues 67
Fig. 2-8. Analytical procedure of OPFRs in water 68
Fig. 2-9. Analytical procedure of OPFRs in sediment 69
Fig. 2-10. Analytical procedure of OPFRs in fish 70
Fig. 2-11. Analytical procedure of PCNs in water 71
Fig. 2-12. Analytical procedure of PCNs in sediment 72
Fig. 2-13. Analytical procedure of PCNs in minnow, crucian carp 73
Fig. 2-14. Chromatogram of target HBCDs and surrogate materials 78
Fig. 2-15. Chromatogram of target PFASs and surrogate materials 80
Fig. 2-16. Chromatogram of target PCNs and surrogate materials 83
Fig. 2-17. Calibration curve of HBCDs 85
Fig. 2-18. Calibration curve of PFASs 86
Fig. 2-19. Calibration curve of target OPFRs 87
Fig. 2-20. Calibration curve of PCNs 88
Fig. 3-1. HBCDs concentration in river water (a) 2016 year (b) 2015 year 97
Fig. 3-2. HBCDs distribution pattern in river water (a) 2016 year (b) 2015 year 98
Fig. 3-3. Comparison of HBCDs concentration in river water with previous study sampling in 2015 99
Fig. 3-4. HBCDs concentration in sediment (a) 2016 year (b) 2015 year 101
Fig. 3-5. HBCDs distribution pattern in sediment (a) 2016 year (b) 2015 year 102
Fig. 3-6. Comparison of HBCDs concentration in sediment with previous study sampling in 2015 103
Fig. 3-7. HBCDs concentration in (a) muscle, (b) blood, (c) liver and (d) egg of crucian carp(2016 year) 107
Fig. 3-8. HBCDs concentration in (a) muscle, (b) blood, (c) liver and (d) egg of crucian carp(2015 year) 108
Fig. 3-9. HBCDs concentration in each crucial carp organ (a) 2016 year (b) 2015 year 114
Fig. 3-10. (a) Distribution of each isomer in crucian carp and (b) liver accumulation ratio for α- and γ-HBCD in crucian carp of 2016 and (c) Distribution of each isomer in crucian carp and (d) liver accumulation ratio for α- and γ-HBCD in crucian carp(2015 year) 114
Fig. 3-11. Comparison of HBCDs concentration in (a) muscle, (b) blood, (c) liver and (d) egg of crucian carp with previous study sampling in 2015 115
Fig. 3-12. HBCDs concentration in minnnow (a) 2016 year (b) 2015 year 116
Fig. 3-13. HBCDs distribution pattern in minnnow (a) 2016 year (b) 2015 year 117
Fig. 3-14. Comparison of HBCDs concentration in river water with previous study sampling in 2015 119
Fig. 3-15. Correlation of HBCDs concentration in crucian carp(2015+2016) 129
Fig. 3-16. Correlation of HBCDs of crucian carp with their total length and body weight(2015+2016) 131
Fig. 3-17. Concentration and distribution pattern of OPFRs in water 135
Fig. 3-18. Concentration and distribution pattern of OPFRs in sediment 135
Fig. 3-19. Concentration and distribution pattern of OPFRs in crucian carp samples from Nakdong river 137
Fig. 3-20. The OPFRs concentration in each part of crucian carp samples 138
Fig. 3-21. Correlation of OPFRs concentration in each part of crucian carp samples 141
Fig. 3-22. Correlation between length and body weight of crucian carp and OPFRs concentration 143
Fig. 3-23. The correlation of total length and body weight vs TBP in muscle and comparison between male and female 144
Fig. 3-24. Concentration and distribution pattern of PCNs in sediment 150
Fig. 3-25. The various POPs concentration in sediment 152
Fig. 3-26. The comparison of POPs concentration in sediment with previous studies 152
Fig. 3-27. Concentration and distribution pattern of PCNs in crucian carp samples from Nakdong river 154
Fig. 3-28. The PCNs concentration in each part of crucian carp samples 154
Fig. 3-29. Concentration and distribution pattern of PCNs in minnow 156
Fig. 3-30. The comparison of various POPs concentration in each part of fish samples in Korea 158
Fig. 3-31. Principal component analysis of PCNs in sample 159
Fig. 3-32. Distribution of PCNs in various samples 159
Fig. 3-33. Concentration of PCN congeners in samples 164
Fig. 3-34. Concentration of PCNs congeners which have TEF value 165
Fig. 3-35. Correlation of PCNs concentration in each part of crucian carp samples 166
Fig. 3-36. Correlation between length and body weight of crucian carp and PCNs concentration 167
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