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Acknowledgements=ix

Introduction/Marianne A. Ferber=xi

PART I. EXPLAINING WOMEN'S LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION=3

1. Heather E. Joshi, Richard Layard and Susan J. Owen (1985), 'Why Are More Women Working in Britain?', Journal of Labor Economics, 3 (1) Part 2, January, S147-76=3

2. James P. Smith and Michael P. Ward (1985), 'Time-Series Growth in the Female Labor Force', Journal of Labor Economics, 3 (1) (Supplement), S59-90=33

3. Duran Bell (1974), 'Why Participation Rates of Black and White Wives Differ', Journal of Human Resources, IX (4), Fall, 465-79=65

4. Arleen Leibowitz and Jacob Alex Klerman (1995), 'Explaining Changes in Married Mothers' Employment over Time' , Demography, 32 (3), August, 365-78=80

5. Shelly Lundberg (1988), 'Labor Supply of Husbands and Wives: A Simultaneous Equations Approach' , Review of Economics and Statistics, LXX, 224-35=94

6. Chinhui Juhn and Kevin M. Murphy (1997), 'Wage Inequality and Family Labor Supply', Journal of Labor Economics, 15 (1) Part 1, 72-97=106

7. Martha S. Hill (1979), 'The Wage Effects of Marital Status and Children', Journal of Human Resources, XIV (4), Fall, 579-94=132

8. James J. Heckman (1993), 'What Has Been Learned About Labor Supply in the Past Twenty Years?', American Economic Review, 83 (2), 116-21=148

9. Masao Nakamura, Alice Nakamura, and Dallas Cullen (1979), 'Job Opportunities, the Offered Wage, and the Labor Supply of Married Women', American Economic Review, 69 (5), 787-805=154

10. Mary T. Coleman and John Pencavel (1993), 'Trends in Market Work Behavior of Women Since 1940', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 46 (4), 653-76=173

11. Arne L. Kalleberg and Rachel A. Rosenfeld (1990), 'Work in the Family and in the Labor Market: A Cross-national, Reciprocal Analysis"', Journal of Marriage and Family, 52 (2), 331-46=197

PART II. OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION=217

a. The Extent of Occupational Segregation=217

12. Jerry A. Jacobs and Suet T. Lim (1992), 'Trends in Occupational and Industrial Sex Segregation in 56 Countries, 1960-1980', Work and Occupations, 19 (4), 450-86=217

13. Barbara Reskin (1993), 'Sex Segregation in the Workplace', Annual Review of Sociology, 19,241-70=254

14. Edward Gross (1968), 'Plus Ca Change...? The Sexual Structure of Occupations Over Time', Social Problems, 16 (2), 198-208=284

15. Joyce P. Jacobsen (1994), 'Trends in Work Force Sex Segregation, 1960-90', Social Science Quarterly, 75 (1), 204-11=295

16. Erica L. Groshen (1991), 'The Structure of the Female/Male Wage Differential: Is it Who You Are, What You Do, or Where You Work?', Journal of Human Resources, XXVI (3), Summer, 457-72=303

b. Supply Side Explanations - The Role of Women's Choices=321

17. Solomon William Polachek (1981), 'Occupational Self-Selection: A Human Capital Approach to Sex Differences in Occupational Structure', Review of Economics and Statistics, LXIII, 60-69=321

18. Lois B. Shaw and David Shapiro (1987), 'Women's "York Plans: Contrasting Expectations and Actual Work Experience', Monthly Labor Review, 110 (11), 7-13=331

19. Paula England, George Farkas, Barbara Stanek Kilbourne and Thomas Dou (1988), 'Explaining Occupational Sex Segregation and Wages: Findings from a Model with Fixed Effects', American Sociological Review, 53 (4), 544-58=338

20. Reuben Gronau (1988), 'Sex-related Wage Differentials and Women's Interrupted Labor Careers - the Chicken or the Egg', Journal of Labor Economics, 6 (3), 277-301=353

21. Mary E. Corcoran and Paul N. Courant (1987), 'Sex-Role Socialization and Occupational Segregation: An Exploratory Investigation', Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, IX (3), 330-46=378

c. Demand Side Explanations - The Role of Employers=397

22. William T. Bielby and James N. Baron (1986), 'Men and Women at Work: Sex Segregation and Statistical Discrimination', American Journal of Sociology, 91 (4), 759-99=397

PART III. THE MALE/FEMALE EARNINGS RATIO=443

a. Trends in the Gender Wage Gap=443

23. Donald J. Treiman and Patricia A. Roos (1983), 'Sex and Earnings in Industrial Society: A Nine-Nation Comparison', American Journal of Sociology,"89 (3), 612-50=443

24. Rachel A. Rosenfeld and Arne L. Kalleberg (1990), 'A Cross-national Comparison of the Gender Gap in Income' , American Journal of Sociology, 96 (1), 69-106=482

25. June O'Neill (1985), 'The Trend in the Male-Female Wage Gap in the United States', Journal of Labor Economics, 3 (1) Part 2, S91-1l6=520

26. Javed Ashraf (1996), 'Is Gender Pay Discrimination on the Wane? Evidence from Panel Data, 1968-1989', Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 49 (3), 537-46=546

Name Index=557

2

영문목차

Acknowledgements=ix

An introduction by the editor to both volumes appears in Volume I

PART III. THE MALE/FEMALE EARNINGS RATIO=5

b. Human Capital Explanations of the Gender Wage Gap=5

1. Solomon W. Polachek (1995), 'Earnings Over the Life Cycle: What Do Human Capital Models Explain?', Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 42 (3), 267-89=5

2. Mary Corcoran and Greg J. Duncan (1979), 'Work History, Labor Force Attachment, and Earnings Differences Between the Races and Sexes', Journal of Human Resources, XIV (1),3-20=28

3. Paula England, Melissa S. Herbert, Barbara Stanek Kilbourne, Lori L. Reid and Lori McCreary Megdal (1994), 'The Gendered Valuation of Occupations and Skills: Earnings in 1980 Census Occupations', Social Forces, 73 (1) September, 65-100=46

4. Jerry A. Jacobs and Ronnie J. Steinberg (1990), 'Compensating Differentials and the Male-Female Wage Gap: Evidence from the New York State Comparable Worth Study', Social Forces, 69 (2), 439-68=82

c. Discrimination as the Cause of the Gender Wage Gap=115

5. Sharon M. Oster (1975), 'Industry Differences in the Level of Discrimination Against Women', Quarterly Journal of Economics, LXXXIX, 215-29=115

6. Barbara R. Bergmann and William Darity, Jr (1981), 'Social Relations, Productivity, and Employer Discrimination', Monthly Labor Review, 109 (4), 47-9=130

7. Elaine Sorensen (1990), 'The Crowding Hypothesis and Comparable Worth', Journal of Human Resources, XXV (1), 55-89=133

8. Barbara F. Reskin and Catherine E. Ross (1992), 'Jobs, Authority and Earnings Among Managers: The Continuing Signficance of Sex', Work and Occupations, 19 (4),342-65=168

9. Sanders Korenman and David Neumark (1992), 'Marriage, Motherhood, and Wages', Journal of Human Resources, XXVII (2), 233-55=192

10. Edward P. Lazear and Sherwin Rosen (1990), 'Male-Female Wage Differentials in Job Ladders' , Journal of Labor Economics, 8(1) Part2, SI06-23=215

11. Robert G. Wood, Mary E. Corcoran and Paul N. Courant (1993), 'Pay Differences Among the Highly Paid: The Male-Female Earnings Gap in Lawyers' Salaries', Journal of Labor Economics, 11 (3), 417-41=233

12. Robert Cabral, Marianne A. Ferber and Cilrole A. Green (1981), 'Men and Women in Fiduciary Institutions: A Study of Sex Differences in Career Development', Review of Economics and Statistics, LXIII, 573-80=258

d. Recent Developments in the Gender Wage Gap=269

13. Reed Neil Olsen and Edwin A. Sexton (1996), 'Gender Differences in the Returns to and the Acquisition of On-The-lob Training', Industrial Relations, 35 (1),59-77=269

14. Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn (1994), 'Rising Wage Inequality and the U.S. Gender Gap', American Economic Review, 84 (2), 23-8=288

15. Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn (1996), 'Wage Structure and Gender Earnings Differentials: an International Comparison', Economica, 63 (250S), S29-62=294

PART IV. POLICIES TO IMPROVE WOMEN'S STATUS IN THE LABOR MARKET=331

16. Barbara R. Bergmann (1989), 'Does the Market for Women's Labor Need Fixing?', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 3 (1), 43-60=331

17. Shelly J. Lundberg and Richard Startz (1983), 'Private Discrimination and Social Intervention in Competitive Labor Markets', American Economic Review, LXXIII, 340-47=349

18. Jonathan S. Leonard (1984), 'Antidiscrimination or Reverse Discrimination: The Impact of Changing Demographics, Title VII, and Affirmative Action on Productivity', Journal of Human Resources, XIX (2) Spring, 145-74=357

19. Barbara R. Bergmann (1989), 'What the Common Economic Arguments Against Comparable Worth are Worth' , Journal of Social Issues, 45 (4), 67-80=387

20. A. Zabalza and Z. Tzannatos (1985), 'The Effect of Britain's Anti-Discriminatory Legislation on Relative Pay and Employment', Economic Journal, 95, 679-99=401

21. Jonathan S. Leonard (1984), 'The Impact of Affirmative Action on Employment', Journal of Labor Economics, 2 (4),439-63=422

22. George Johnson and Gary Solon (1986), 'Estimates of the Direct Effects of Comparable Worth Policy', American Economic Review, 76 (5), 1117-25=447

23. R.G. Gregory, P. McMahon and B. Whittingham (1985), 'Women in the Australian Labor Force: Trends, Causes and Consequences', Journal of Labor Economics, 3 (1) Part 2, S293-309=456

24. Christopher J. Ruhm and Jackqueline L. Teague (1997), 'Parental Leave Policies in Europe and North America', in Francine D. Blau and Ronald G. Ehrenberg (eds), Gender and Family Issues in the Workplace, Chapter 5, New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 133-56 and references=473

PART V. IMPACT OF WOMEN'S LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ON THE FAMILY=501

25. Robert J. Willis (1987), 'What Have We Learned from the Economics of the Family?', American Economic Review, 77(2),68-81=501

26. Josephine E. Olson, Irene Hanson Frieze and Ellen G. Detlefsen(1990), 'Having it All? Combining Work and Family in a Male and a Female Profession', Sex Roles, 23 (9/10), 515-35=515

27. Dair L. Gillespie (1971), 'Who Has the Power? The Marital Struggle', Journal of Marriage and Family, 33 (3), 445-58=534

28. Richard J. Claycombe (1987), 'The Wife's Wage and the Division of Work at Home', American Economist, XXXI (2), 13-21=548

29. Joni Hersch and Leslie S. Stratton (1994), 'Housework, Wages, and the Division of Housework Time for Employed Spouses', American Economic Review, 84 (2), 120-25=557

30. Glenna Spitze (1986), 'The Division of Task Responsibility in U.S. Households: Longitudinal Adjustments to Change', Social Forces, 64 (3), 689-701=563

31. Rae Lesser Blumberg (1988), 'Income Under Female Versus Male Control: Hypotheses From a Theory of Gender Stratification and Data from the Third World', Journal of Family Issues, 9(1),51-84=576

Name Index=611