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List of Tables=ix
Acknowledgments=xi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUGION=1
The California Experience=3
The Book=6
CHAPTER TWO: HISTORY=7
CHAPTER THREE: THE INITIATIVE AND AMERICAN DEMOCRACY=15
Concepts=15
Experience with the Initiative=18
CHAPTER FOUR: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF AMERCAN STATE LAWS=27
States That Use the Initiative=27
Ballot Access-Signature Requirements=33
The Indirect Initiative=35
Pre-election Administrative Review=37
Pre-election Legislative Review=42
Pre-election Judicial Review=43
CHAPTER FIVE: INITIATIVE IN SWITZERLAND AND OTHER COUNTRIES=46
Switzerland=46
Swiss Law-Federal Level=49
Swiss Law-Cantonal Level=50
Swiss Experience=51
More Detailed Description of Swiss Procedure=55
Restrictions on Initiative Subject Matter=58
Other Countries=62
CHAPTER SIX: THE BASIC STRUCTURE-CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS, INITIATIVE STATUTES, AND SUBJECT-MATTER RESTRIGIONS=71
The Role of the Initiative in State Constitutional Amendments=71
Amendment Procedure=72
Amendment and Repeal of Initiative Statutes=78
Subject-matter Restrictions=81
Effective Date=85
The Indirect Initiative=85
CHAPTER SEVEN: SIGNATURE REQUIREMENTS=93
Purpose of Signature Requirements=93
Qualifying for the Ballot: Too Easy or Too Difficult?=94
Reforming the Signature Qualification Process=99
Restoring the Reliability of Signature Qualification=106
Impact on the Initiative Process=108
Calculating the Signature Thresholds=109
Changing the Requirements for Passage=111
CHAPTER EIGHT: REDUCING COMPLEXITY I-BETTER DRAFTING AND MORE ACCURATE VOTING=113
Better Drafting of Individual Proposals=113
More Accurate Voting: State the Effects of Yes Vote=118
CHAPTER NINE: REDUCING COMPLEXITY II-MAKING INDIVIDUAL INITIATIVES UNDERSTANDABLE=121
The Problem=121
The Single Subject Rule=127
The Subject Matter Must Be Expressed in the Title=140
An Assessment: How Well Have the Rules Protected Against Trojan Horses, Log Rolling, and Complexity?=143
Some Future Possibilities=146
CHAPTER TEN: REDUCING COMPLEXITY III-THE NUMBER OF INITIATIVES=153
Number of Initiatives=153
Conflicting Ballot Propositions=158
CHAPTER ELEVEN: IMPROVING VOTER UNDERSTANDING=164
Quality of Voter Participation=164
The Voter Information Pamphlet: Who Uses It and How?=165
Improving the Pamphlet=169
Broadcast and Nonprint Media=178
CHAPTER TWELVE: INITIATIVE CAMPAIGN FINANCE AND DISCLOSURE=181
Campaign Spending and Initiative Outcomes=182
Campaign Finance Rules=189
Special Disclosure Rules for Campaign Literature and Advertisements=192
Other Campaign Finance Related Rules=219
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS=222
Basic Structure of The Initiative Process=223
Qualifying for the Ballot=225
Reducing Complexity=226
Improving Voter Understanding: The Ballot Pamphlet=230
Campaign Finance and Disclosure=231
The Process of Reform=232
APPENDIX A: Appendix Tables=235
APPENDIX B: The Massachussetts Ballot Pamphlet=249
APPENDIX C: California Ballot Summary=254
APPENDIX D: Swiss Initiatives: Problems of Counting, Landesgemeinde, Sources=256
INDEX=259
ABOUT THE AUTHORS=268
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With the aid of more than 40 charts and tables, the authors compare the major features of the initiative in the American jurisdictions that have adopted the procedure--24 states and the District of Columbia. They draw particularly on the experience in California, the most frequent U.S. user of the initiative and a major battleground in the development of ideas about the process. The book also discusses the use of the initiative in other countries, particularly Switzerland, where the process originated and the only other major country in the world that makes extensive use of the initiative today.
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