영문목차

Introduction=xvii

Part One. Music Business Trends and Transformations=1

CHAPTER 1. THE MUSIC INDUSTRY IN THE 1990s=3

Industry Growth=4

Factors Relating to Growth=5

Factors Inhibiting Growth=7

Legislative Changes=8

Part Two. Record Industry Agreements and Practices=9

CHAPTER 2. RECORDING ARTISTS CONTRACTS=11

The Standard Agreement=11

Duration=12

Group Artists=14

Exclusivity=14

Recording and Release Requirements=15

Artist Royalties=16

Recording Costs=19

Recording Funds=20

Publishing Rights=20

Controlled Compositions=21

Tour Support=22

Video Rights=22

Assignment=23

Ownership and Use of Masters=23

Coupling=24

Accountings and Defaults=24

Bankruptcy=25

CHAPTER 3. CONTRACTS WITH MINORS=27

Disaffirmance of an Agreement=28

Ratification of an Agreement=28

Statutory Provisions of Contracts with Minors=28

Parents' Guarantee of Contract performance=29

CHAPTER 4. INDEPENDENT RECORD PRODUCERS=30

The Role of the Independent Record Producer=31

Label Deals and Pressing and Distribution Deals=31

Producer Royalties=32

Recording Funds=33

Production and Development Deals=34

Producer Fees=36

Music Publishing and Follow-up Rights=36

Contractual safeguards=37

CHAPTER 5. FOREIGN DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENTS=39

Royalty Provisions=39

Advances and Guarantees；Term=40

Exclusivity=41

Broadcast Performance Fees=42

Music Publishing=43

Labels=43

Release Requirements=43

Record Clubs=44

Coupling=44

Cover Recordings=44

Samples and Materials=45

Accountings and Auditing=45

Termination Procedure=46

Variations in Currency Values=46

Transmittal of Funds=47

Jurisdiction over Disputes=47

Default Classes=47

CHAPTER 6. LABOR AGREEMENTS=49

Key Labor Agreements=49

Arbitration=50

AFTRA and AFM Scale Payments=50

AFM Special Payments and Trust Funds=51

AFTRA Health and Retirement Funds=53

Retirement and Death Benefits=53

Royalty Performers=54

Contractors=55

Dubbing=56

AFM and AFTRA Scales for New Media=56

Protections against Illicit Practices=56

Domestic and Foreign Territory=58

Other Income for Artists=58

CHAPTER 7. COPYRIGHT IN SOUND RECORDING=59

Copyright Protection for Published and Unpublished Works=59

Authorship=60

Rights of the Copyright Owner=60

Copyrightable Works=61

Foreign Sound Recordings=62

Sampling=63

Master Licensing=64

Audio Home Recording Act=64

The Digital Performance Right in Sound Recordings Act of 1995=65

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998=67

CHAPTER 8. BOOTLEGGING, PIRACY, AND COUNTERFEITING=69

Federal Legislation=70

Compulsory License for Sound Recordings=72

International Treaties Regarding Piracy=73

CHAPTER 9. RECORD COVER, LABELS, AND LINER NOTES=74

Album Titles=74

Illustrations=75

Recording Identification=76

Trademarks=76

Anticounterfeit Practices=76

Warning Stickers and Censorship Issues=77

Part Three. Music Publisher and Writer Agreements and Practices=81

CHAPTER 10. COPYRIGHT LAW IN THE UNITED STATES=83

Copyright Revision, 1790 to 1976=83

The Copyright Status of Sound Recordings=84

Common Law Copyright=84

Statutory Copyright=85

Copyright Registration=86

Registration of Published and Unpublished Works=88

The Copyright Notice=91

The Deposit of Copyrighted Works=92

Transfers of Copyright Ownership=93

Errors in the Copyright Notice=94

The Correction of Errors=95

Fair Use=95

Copyright Protection of Song Titles=97

Compulsory Mechanical License for Recordings=98

Record Rentals=99

Jukebox Public Performance Fees=99

Copyright and Cable Television Transmission=100

Licensing for Noncommercial Broadcasting=101

Satellite Carrier Compulsory License=102

CHAPTER 11. THE DURATION OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION=103

Term of Copyright Protection=103

The Supreme Court Decision on the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act=104

The Duration of Copyright=105

End-of-Calendar-Year Copyright Computation=106

The Duration of Copyright Protection for Joint Works=106

The Determination of Date of Death=107

Copyright Renewal=107

Termination of Transfers=109

Duration of Copyright and Protection Outside of the United States=113

CHAPTER 12. THE USES OF PUBLIC DOMAIN=114

Works in the Public Domain=115

The Purposes of Public Domain=116

Determining the Public Domain Status of Works=118

Copyright Registration of New Versions and Arrangements of Work=121

CHAPTER 13. ARRANGEMENTS AND ADAPTATIONS=123

Head Arrangements of Compositions=123

The Copyrighting of Arrangements=124

The Statutory Treatment of Arrangements=125

No Effect on Duration of Basic Work=125

Standards of Originality=126

Derivative Works=128

Sound Recording Sound-Alikes=130

The Arrangement of Works in the Public Domain=130

Foreign Treatment of Arrangements and Adaptations=131

CHAPTER 14. PERFORMING RIGHTS ORGANIZATIONS=133

Performance Monies and the World economy=134

Clearing Functions=134

American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP)=136

Broadcast Music Inc. (BMI)=137

Society of European Stage Authors & Composers (SESAC)=137

Title Registration=138

Surveying Procedures=139

Grievance Procedures=141

Membership=142

The Fairness in Music Licensing Act of 1998=143

The ASCAP Payment System=144

The BMI Payment System=145

Loan Assistance=147

Insurance Plans=148

Writer Awards=149

Foreign Collections=149

Dramatic Performance Rights=151

CHAPTER 15. MECHANICAL RIGHTS=153

Parting with Possession；Returns=154

Notice of Intention=156

Compulsory License Accountings=156

Copyright Owner Identification=156

Negotiated Licenses=157

The Harry Fox Agency=157

Other U.S. Mechanical Rights Organizations=158

The Canadian Mechanical Rights Organizations=159

International Mechanical Right Societies=159

The Writer's Share of Mechanical Fees=160

Record Clubs=160

Title Use Restrictions=161

Record Rentals=161

CHAPTER 16. SONGWRITER CONTRACTS AND ROYALTY STATEMENTS=162

Duration of Copyright Assignment=162

Songwriters Guild Contracts=163

Copyright Divisibility=164

Royalty Statements=165

Recapture of Rights=165

Printed Editions=166

Sheet Music Sales=167

Mechanical Rights=167

Accountings and Audits=168

Default=169

Performance Fees=170

Assignments=171

Lyrics versus Music=171

Royalties Held in Trust Funds=172

Arbitration=173

Exclusive Writer Agreements=173

CHAPTER 17. WORKS FOR HIRE=176

Factors Determining a Work-for-Hire Relationship=177

Commissioned Works=178

Assignments of Copyright=180

Joint Work Status=180

CHAPTER 18. CO-OWNERSHIP AND JOINT ADMINISTRATION OF COPYRIGHTS=182

Registration and Notice=182

The General Rights of Co-Owners=183

The Problems of Co-Ownership=183

Synchronization Rights=184

Foreign Rights=184

Consent by Silence=185

Restrictions on Assignment=185

The Writer's Interest in Co-Ownership=185

The "Cut-In"=186

CHAPTER 19. COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT=188

Proof of Access to a Copyrighted Work=188

The Use of Music in the Public Domain=189

Vicarious Liability=190

Who May Sue for Infringement=191

Civil Remedies form Infringement=191

Court Costs and Attorney Fees=193

Criminal Remedies for Infringement=194

Mechanical Right Infringement=195

Infringement by Importation=195

Copyright Registration=196

The Recordation of Copyright Transfer=197

Time Frame for Legal Actions=197

Sampling and Copyright Infringement=197

CHAPTER 20. INTERNATIONAL COPYRIGHT PROTECTION=201

The Berne Convention=201

The Effects of Berne Adherence=202

Trade Negotiations and GATT=203

U.S. Trade Representative=204

Geneva Phonogram Convention=204

WIPO Treaties=204

CHAPTER 21. FOREIGN PUBLISHING=206

The World Market for Music=207

Representation by Subpublishers=208

Foreign Performing Rights Societies=208

Foreign Mechanical Licensing=209

Synchronization Fees=211

Printed Editions=212

Local Lyrics and Versions=212

Local Writer Royalties=212

Copyright and Term of Rights=213

Fees from All Usage, Accounting, and Audits=214

Subpublication for Diverse Territories=215

The European Union=217

Default Clauses=217

Jurisdiction over Disputes=218

Catalog Agreements=218

Local Firms=218

Joint Firms=219

The Termination of Joint Ownership=220

CHAPTER 22. THE WRITER AS PUBLISHER=222

Writer-Publisher Joint Firms=223

Self-Publishing=223

Sources of Copyrights for the Self-Publisher=225

CHAPTER 23. MUSIC FOR MOTION PICTURES=226

Rights Required for Films=227

Employee-for-Hire Agreements=227

Synchronization and Performance Licenses=228

Licensing Agents and Research Firms=229

Videos and DVDs=230

Music Publishing Rights=231

Recording Artist Royalties=231

Soundtrack Album Contracts with Record Companies=232

Component Parts of Films=233

Performances in Europe=233

CHAPTER 24. LICENSING RECORDINGS FOR MOTION PICTURES=235

The Protection of Recordings=235

The Consent of the Music Publisher=236

Union Reuse Fees=236

Artist Contract Restrictions=237

Soundtrack Albums=237

CHAPTER 25. MUSIC FOR THE THEATER=238

The Rights of Producers and Writers=238

Original-Cast Albums=241

Subsidiary Rights=241

American Production Abroad=242

Writing a Show=243

Music in Dramatic Shows=243

Investment in Musical Theater=244

Sources of Investment=246

AFM Union Scale=246

CHAPTER 26. COMMERCIAL JINGLES=247

Uses of Music in Commercial Jingles=247

Payments for Music Used in Commercials=248

Negotiations for Licensing Fees=250

Warranties and Indemnities=251

The Packaging of Jingles=252

Payments to Singers and Instrumentalists=253

The Simulation of an Artist's Style in Jingles=253

CHAPTER 27. BUYING AND SELLING MUSIC PUBLISHING COMPANIES AND RECORD COMPANIES=255

THE BUYING AND SELLING OF CATALOGS=255

Large Catalogs=256

Factors to Consider=257

Smaller Catalogs=258

Sources of Individual Copyrights=258

Renewal and Reversion Rights=259

The Purchase of Assets or Stock=260

The Price of Purchasing a Copyright=261

Users of Copyrights=262

Capital Gains=263

Due Diligence=263

BUYING AND SELLING RECORD COMPANIES AND MASTERS=265

Consolidation=265

Factors to Consider=267

Due Diligence=268

CHAPTER 28. LOANS TO MUSIC PUBLISHERS=271

The Special Risks in Loans to Music Publishers=272

The Amount of a Loan=273

Copyright Search Report=274

The Recordation of Loans in the Copyright Office=275

The Recordation of Loans in Local Jurisdictions=276

Sale of Property upon Default=277

Exclusive State Recordation for Certain Rights=277

Exclusive Writer Contracts=277

Conditions on the Administration of a Loan=278

Outstanding Advances at the Time of a Loan=279

The Appraiser's Report and Representation of the Borrower=280

The Bankruptcy of the Borrower=281

CHAPTER 29. PRINTED MUSIC=283

Writer Royalties=285

Print Publishers=285

Specialty Folios=286

Notice of Copyright=287

Fakebooks=287

Return Privileges and Reserves=288

Discounts=288

Subpublishing Deals=289

The Internet:Digital Sales and Distribution=289

Part Four. Other Aspects of the Music Business=291

CHAPTER 30. PRIVACY AND PUBLICITY RIGHTS=293

The Right of privacy=293

The Right of Publicity=295

The Use of Name or Likeness for Trade or Advertising=296

Privacy Contract Clauses=297

Works in the Public Domain=298

Remedies for the Invasion of Privacy=299

CHAPTER 31. THE PROTECTION OF IDEAS AND TITLES=300

Compensation for Ideas=300

Issues of Concreteness and Originality=301

The Consideration of Unsolicited Ideas=302

The Use of Titles=302

CHAPTER 32. NAMES AND TRADEMARKS=304

Copyrightability=305

Trademarks and Service Marks=305

Differentiating Between Copyrights and Trademarks=305

The Selection of a Name=307

Prior and Conflicting Company Names and Marks=308

Search Organizations and Services=308

Trademark and Name Infringement=309

Names of Artists=311

The Registration of Names=312

The Registration of Marks=312

The Advantages of Registration=314

Trademark Registration at Home and Abroad=315

The Ownership of Rights in an Artist's Name=315

A Record Company's Rights in a Name=316

Group Members' Rights in a Name=316

Doing Business Under an Assumed Name=317

CHAPTER 33. AGENTS AND MANAGERS=318

The Roles of Agents and Managers=318

Exclusive Representation=320

The Management Contract=320

Abuses by Agents and Managers=323

Regulation of Agents and Managers=323

Trade Organizations for Personal Managers=324

Competition for personal Managers=325

Relationships Between Artists and Personal Representatives=327

Notices and Payments=328

CHAPTER 34. TAXATION IN THE MUSIC BUSINESS=329

Capital Gains=329

Estate and Gift Taxes=331

Depreciation and Amortization=332

Tax Treatment of Record Masters=333

Charitable Contributions=335

Deductions for Home Used as Office or Studio=335

Shifting Taxable Income to persons in Lower Tax Brackets=336

Shifting Income from One Year to other Years=337

Deferral of Income Through Retirement Plans=338

The Tax Implications of Type of Business Organization=341

Royalties as Income=343

Foreign Royalties Subject Only to U.S. Tax=343

Retention of Tax-Related Documents=343

Audit Procedures=344

CHAPTER 35. RECORD CLUBS AND PREMIUMS=346

Membership Plans=346

Outside-Label Agreements=347

Artist Royalties=348

Foreign Record Clubs=348

Mechanical License Fees=349

Premiums=349

CHAPTER 36. MUSIC VIDEOS=351

Video Technology=352

Video Licensing=353

Audiovisual Rights=354

Production Costs and Their Recoupment=356

Musical Composition Licenses=357

Trade Paper Coverage of Music Videos=358

CHAPTER 37. DEMONSTRATION RECORDS IN THE ELECTRONIC AGE=359

Production Methods=359

Doing It Yourself=361

Cost Factors=362

The Assumption of Demo Expenses=362

Subsidized Demos=363

The Submission of Demos=364

The Independent Demo=365

CHAPTER 38. PAYOLA=366

The Incentive to Engage in Payola=366

Commercial Bribery=367

Publishing Interests and Payola=367

Payola and Trade Papers=368

How Payola Works=368

CHAPTER 39. TRADE PRACTICE REGULATIONS=372

Discriminatory Price Differential Practices=372

Proportional Equality in Advertising, promotional Allowances, or Facilities=374

Price Fixing, Tie-in Sales, and Other Deceptive Practices=374

Sound-Alike Recordings=375

CHAPTER 40. WORK PERMITS FOR FOREIGN ARTISTS=377

Types of Work Visas=377

The Proper Petitioner and petitions=378

Types of petitions and Accompanying Documents=379

Where to File Petitions=381

Artist's or Group's Accompanying Personnel=382

Rejection and the Right of Appeal=382

Union Comity=383

Multiple Entries into the United States plus Extensions=384

Taxation=384

CHAPTER 41. SOURCES OF INFORMATION=386

Trade Press=386

Government Institutions=391

Music Organizations=394

Professional Research Services=395

Reference Materials=396

International Trade Shows and Associations=396

CHAPTER 42. TECHNOLOGY AND MUSIC=398

The Market for Internet Music=399

Starting Your own Music Web Site=400

Downloading Music and Video Files via the Internet=401

Streaming=403

The Record Companies and the Internet=404

Satellite Radio=405

Security on the Internet=406

Policing the Internet=406

Internet Effect on Performance Rights Organization=408

Copyright Legislation=409

Sound Quality=411

Licensing Issues=411

The Future=412

APPENDIX=415

Appendix A. Selected Excerpts from the Copyright Act=415

Appendix B. Music Industry Organizations=478

Appendix C. Contract Checklists=498

Demo Shopping Agreement=499

Demo Subsidy Deal=500

Distribution Agreement=501

Exclusive Artist Agreement=503

Exclusive Songwriter Contract=505

Foreign Subpublishing Agreement=506

Home Video／DVD Song Reproduction=507

Live Concert Appearances=508

Master Use License for Film or TV Show=509

Mechanical Reproduction License=510

personal Manager Agreement=511

Single-Song Contract=512

INDEX=513