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Appendix of Sources=I

Editor's Introduction:Hearing the Social=Ⅸ

PART ONE. EPISTEMOLOGICAL AND DISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVES ON THE INTERVIEW=3

Introduction=3

1. Of Sociology and the Interview/Mark Benney;Everett C. Hughes=5

2. Interviewing for Organizational Research/William F. Whyte=13

3. Merton and Methodology/Aage B. Soslashrenson=30

4. Finding the Common Denominator:A Phenomenological Critique of Life History Method/Gelya Frank=35

5. Biography and the Social Sciences/Franco Ferrarotti=58

PART TWO. VARIETIES OF RESEARCH INTERVIEWS:TYPES AND MODES=77

Introduction=77

Section One. Comparing Types of Research Interviews=83

6. Methods of Interviewing/E. S. Bogardus=83

7. The Controversy Over Detailed Interviews:An Offer for Negotiation/Paul F. Lazarsfeld=90

8. Understanding the Standardized/Non-Standardized Interviewing Controversy/Paul Beatty=109

9. Does Conversational Interviewing Reduce Survey Measurement Error?/Michael F. Schober;Frederick G. Conrad=124

10. Theorizing the Interview/Ray Pawson=151

Section Two. Individual Interviews=170

11. Dimensions of the Depth Interview/Raymond L. Gorden=170

Section Three. Survey Interviews=180

12. Artifacts are in the Mind of the Beholder/Howard Schuman=180

13. Interactional Troubles in Face-to-Face Survey Interviews/Lucy Suchman;Brigitte Jordan=191

Section Four. Focussed Interviews=232

14. The Focused Interview/Robert K. Merton;Patricia L. Kendall=232

15. The Focussed Interview and Focus Groups:Continuities and Discontinuities/Robert K. Merton=261

Section Five. Group Discussions=277

16. The Group Interview/E. S. Bogardus=277

17. Studying Intergroup Relations Embedded in Organizations/Clayton P. Alderfer;Ken K. Smith=286

Section Six. Focus Groups=323

18. Focus Groups/David L. Morgan=323

19. The Methodology of Focus Groups:The Importance of Interaction Between Research Participants/Jenny Kitzinger=347

20. Focus Groups and Ethnography/Michael Agar;James MacDonald=365

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PART TWO. VARIETIES OF RESEARCH INTERVIEWS:TYPES AND MODES (continued)=3

Section Seven. Cognitive Interviewing=3

21. Enhancement of Eyewitness Memory with the Cognitive Interview/R. Edward Geiselman;Ronald P. Fisher;David P. MacKinnon;Heidi L. Holland=3

Section Eight. Life History Interviews=19

22. Interviewing for Life-History Material/Ruth Shonle Cavan=19

23. Doing Life Histories/Annabel Faraday;Kenneth Plummer=33

24. Social Genealogies Commented On and Compared:An Instrument for Observing Social Mobility Processes in the 'Longue Dureacutee'/Daniel Bertaux=55

Section Nine. Biographical Interpretive Method=77

25. Eliciting Narrative Through the In-Depth Interview/Wendy Hollway;Tony Jefferson=77

Section Ten. Telephone and Computer-Assisted Interviewing=95

26. Telephone Interviews in social Research:Some Methodological Considerations/Charles A. Ibsen;John A. Ballweg=95

27. The Effect of Computer-Assisted Interviewing on Data Quality:A Review/Edith D. de Leeuw;Joop J. Hox;Ger Snijkers=106

Section Eleven. Online Interviewing=128

28. E-mail: A Qualitative Research Medium for interviewing?/Craig D. Murray;Judith Sixsmith=128

Section Twelve. Feminist Interviewing Methods=149

29. Feminist Perspectives on Empowering Research Methodologies/Patti Lather=149

30. A Feminist, Qualitative Methodology:A Study of Women with Breast Cancer/Anne S. Kasper=168

PART THREE. DESIGNING INTERVIEW-BASED RESEARCH =187

Introduction=187

Section One. Access, Sampling and informed Consent=193

31. Informed Consent and Survey Response:A Summary of the Empirical Literature/Eleanor Singer=193

32. Interviewing Undocumented Immigrants:Methodological Reflections Based on Fieldwork in Mexico and U.S./Wayne A. Cornelius=209

Section Two. Question Types and Question Formulation=231

33. Reducing Response Error in Surveys/Seymour Sudman=231

34. The Open and Closed Question/Howard Schuman;Stanley Presser=268

35. A Decade of Question Mora Cate Schaeffer=296

36. Acquiescence and Recency Response-Order Effects in Interview Surveys/McKee J. McClendon=310

Section Three. Question Wording Problems and Using Vignettes=345

37. Strong Arguments and Weak Evidence:The Open/Closed Questioning Controversy of the 1940s/Jean M. Converse=345

38. How to ask Questions About Drinking and Sex:Response Effects in Measuring Consumer Behavior/Ed Blair;Seymour Sudman;Norman M. Bradburn;Carol Stocking=360

39. The Reliability of Recall Data:A Literature Review/Shirley Dex=372

40. The Vignette Technique in Survey Research/Janet Finch=398

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PART THREE. DESIGNING INTERVIEW-BASED RESEARCH (continued)=3

Section Four. Recording and Transcription=3

41. Tape Recorded Interviews in Social Research/Rue Bucher;Charles E. Fritz;E. L. Quarantelli=3

42. Representing Discourse:The Rhetoric of Transcription/Elliot G. Mishler=12

PART FOUR. CONDUCTING INTERVIEW-BASED RESEARCH=41

Introduction=41

Section One. Interview Technique, Probing and Prompting=45

43. Field Methods and Techniques:A Note on Interviewing Tactics/Howard S. Becker=45

44. A Research Note on Experimentation in Interviewing/Arnold M. Rose=49

45. Probing:A Dangerous Practice in Social Surveys?/William Foddy=52

Section Two. Co-Producing Interview Data and Rapport=65

46. The Uncooperative Interviewee/Lee Sigelman=65

47. Collaborative Interviewing and Interactive Research/Barbara Laslett;Rhona Rapoport=74

48. The Life Study:On Mutual Recognition and the Subjective Inquiry/Thomas J. Cottle=88

49. Women's Life Stories and Reciprocal Ethnography as Feminist and Emergent/Elaine J. Lawless=100

50. Interviewing Style and Respondent Behavior:An Experimental Study of the Survey-Interview/Wie Dijkstra=124

51. Questions for the Ethnographer:A Critical Examination of the Role of the Interview in Fieldwork/Charles L. Briggs=144

PART FIVE. FIELD RELATIONS INTERVIEW-BASED RESEARCH=171

Introduction=171

Section One. Sensitive Topics and Respondents' Welfare=175

52. White-Knuckle Research:Emotional Dynamics in Fieldwork with Racist Activists/Kathleen M. Blee=175

53. Data Collection in Dangerous Neighborhoods:Lessons From a Survey of Public Housing Residents in Chicago /Victoria Gwiasda;Nina Taluc;Susan J. Popkin=193

Section Two. Power Relations, Gender Relations and Ethics=208

54. Hired Hand Research/Julius A. Roth=208

55. Respondents' Intrusion upon the Situation:The Problem of Interviewing Subjects with Special Qualities/James K. Skipper, Jr.;Charles H. McCaghy=223

56. Talking and Listening from Women's Standpoint:Feminist Strategies for Interviewing and Analysis/Marjorie L. DeVault=230

57, Interviewing Women:Issues of Friendship, Vulnerability, and Power/Pamela Cotterill=256

58. Self-Deception and Self-Discovery in Fieldwork/Arlene Kaplan Daniels=275

PART SIX. INTERVIEWERS:CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITIES=295

Introduction=295

Section One. Gender=301

59. When Gender Is Not Enough:Women Interviewing Women/Catherine Kohler Riessman=301

Section Two. Interviewer Training and Interviewer cheating=331

60. Analysis of the Interviewer's Behavior/Barbara S. Dohrenwend;Stephen A. Richardson=331

61. The Cheater Problem in Polling/Leo P. Crespi=340

62. The Observers Observed:French Survey Researchers at Work/Jean Peneff=352

Section Three. Interviewing Special Respondents:Elites, 'Deviants', Children, Minorities and the Vulnerable=373

63. Interviewing an Ultra-Elite/Harriet Zuckerman=373

64. "Surely You're Not in This Just to be Helpful":Access, Rapport, and Interviews in Three Studies of Elites /Susan A. Ostrander=389

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PART SIX. INTERVIEWERS:CHARACTERISTICS AND QUALITIES (continued)=3

Section Three. Interviewing Special Respondents:Elites, 'Deviants', Children, Minorities and the Vulnerable (continued)=3

65. Interviewing Homosexuals/Maurice Leznoff=3

66. On Reaching Out-of-School, Hard-to-Reach Youth:Notes on Data-Gathering/Elmer Luchterhand;Leonard Weller=8

67. The Use of Depth Interviewing with Vulnerable Subjects:Lessons From a Research Study of Parents with Learning Difficulties/Tim Booth;Wendy Booth=15

Section Four. Interviewer Effects=34

68. Age and Sex in the Interview/Mark Benney;David Riesman;Shirley A. Star=34

69. The Effect of Interviewer's Gender on the Interviewing Process:A Comparative Enquiry/Maureen Padfield;Ian Procter=48

70. The Effects of Black and White Interviewers on Black Responses in 1968/Howard Schuman;Jean M. Converse=59

71. Interviewer Variability:A Review of the Problem/Martin Collins=83

PART SEVEN. ANALYSING INTERVIEW DATA=103

Introduction=103

Section One. Analytic Perspectives on the Interview:Grounded Theory, Micro-Analysis, Ethnomethodology, the Accounts Perspective, Hermeneutics and Postmodernism=107

72. Grounded Theory Research:Procedures, Canons, and Evaluative Criteria/Juliet Corbin;Anselm Strauss=107

73. Interpreting Discourse:Coherence and the Analysis of Ethnographic Interviews/Michael Agar;Jerry R. Hobbs=125

74. Doing Data:The Local Organization of a Sociological Interview/Stephen Hester;David Francis=158

75. The Spoken and the Unspoken:A Hermeneutic Approach to Understanding the Cultural Viewpoints that Underlie Consumers' Expressed Meanings/Craig J. Thompson;Howard R. Pollio;William B. Locander=177

76. Ghostwriting Research:Positioning the Researcher in the Interview Text/Carl Rhodes=216

Section Two. Problems in Analysing Interviews=231

77. Asking Questions (and Listening to Answers):A Review of some Sociological Precedents and Problems/Irwin Deutscher=231

78. The Sociological Significance of Ambivalence:An Example from Adoption Research/Katarina Wegar=246

79. Problems of Editing "First-Person" Sociology/Bob Blauner=262

80. The 1,000-Page Question/Steinar Kvale=279

Section Three. Interviews in Multiple-Method Research=288

81. The Informant in Quantitative Research/Donald T. Campbell=288

82. Participant Observation and Interviewing:A Comparison/Howard S. Becker & Blanche Geer=294

83. Comment on "Participant Observation and Interviewing:A Comparison"/Martin Trow=305

PART EIGHT. BIAS, CULTURAL TRANSLATION, VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY=315

Introduction=315

Section One. Bias, Cultural Translation and Social Desirability=319

84. Contagious Bias in the Interview:A Methodological Note/Stuart A. Rice=319

85. Multilingual Interviewing in Israel/Haim Blanc=322

86. The Worst Place and the Best Face/Catherine E. Ross;John Mirowsky=329

87. An Investigation of Interview Method, Threat and Response Distortion/William Locander;Seymour Sudman;Norman Bradburn=336

Section Two. Validity and Reliability=350

88. "How Do You Know If the Informant is Telling the Truth?"/John P. Dean;William Foote Whyte=350

89. The Reliability and Validity of Interview Data Obtained from 59 Narcotic Drug Addicts/John C. Ball=360

90. Coding Reliability and Validity of Interview Data/Kathleen S. Crittenden;Richard J. Hill=367

91. Interviews, Surveys, and the Problem of Ecological Validity/Aaron V. Cicourel=378

92. The Place of Inter-Rater Reliability in Qualitative Research:An Empirical Study/David Armstrong;Ann Gosling;John Weinman;Theresa Marteau=392