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Preface=xi

Part Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION

1. China's Revolutions and Intergenerational Relations/Martin King Whyte=3

Part Ⅱ. THE BAODING ELDERLY AND INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS:THE GENERAL PICTURE

2. Family Support for the Elderly in Urban China:An Intergenerational Approach/Yuan Fang;Martin King Whyte=33

3. Privilege or Punishment? Retirement and Reemployment among the Chinese Urban Elderly/Wang Feng;Xiao Zhenyu;Zhan Jie=61

4. The Persistence of Family Obligations in Baoding/Martin King Whyte=85

Part Ⅲ. THE CONTOURS OF INTERGENERATIONAL EXCHANGES

5. Support Received by the Elderly in Baoding:The View from Two Generations/Albert I. Hermalin;Shiauping R. Shih=121

6. Living Arrangements and Old-Age Support/Shengming Yan;Jieming Chen;Shanhua Yang=143

7. Support for Aging Parents from Daughters versus Sons/Martin King Whyte;Xu Qin=167

8. The Effect of Parental Investment on Old-Age Support in Urban China/Jieming Chen=197

Part Ⅳ. INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS IN CHINA AND TAIWAN

9. Intergenerational Relations in Two Chinese Societies/Martin King Whyte;Albert I. Hermalin;Mary Beth Ofstedal=225

10. Patterns of Intergenerational Support in Urban China and Urban Taiwan/Albert I. Hermalin;Mary Beth Ofstedal;Shiauping R. Shih=255

11. Attitudes toward Intergenerational Relations in Urban China and Taiwan/Jennifer C. Cornman;Jieming Chen;Albert I. Hermalin=277

12. Postscript:Filial Support and Family Change/Martin King Whyte=303

List of Contributors=315

Index=317

FIGURES, TABLES, APPENDIX

Figures

Figure 3.1. Trends in Retirement Age by Gender and in Income, Baoding, 1978-1994=64

Figure 5.1. Format for Questions Regarding Exchanges of Support=123

Tables

Table 2.1. Gender and Marital Status by Age Group=35

Table 2.2. Coresidence with Children by Age Group=36

Table 2.3. Work and Pension Status by Gender and Age Group=40

Table 2.4. Health Condition of Baoding Parents by Age Group=44

Table 2.5. Intergenerational Exchanges of Baoding Parents by Age Group=47

Table 2.6. Parent-Child Relations by Age Group of Parent=50

Table 3.1. Employment Status among the Elderly in Baoding, China, 1994=67

Table 3.2. Reasons for Retirement=69

Table 3.3. Logistic Regression Results on Early Retirement among Respondents Aged 50 to 59=74

Table 3.4. Logistic Regression Results on Re-employment among Baoding Retirees, 1994=78

Table 4.1. Parent and Child Views of Family Obligations=90

Table 4.2. Parent and Child Views of Coresidence=92

Table 4.3. Parent and Child Views on Other Attitudes=97

Table 4.4. Parent and Child Cultural／Media Preferences=99

Table 4.5. Child Family Obligations Scale Correlations and Regressions=107

Table 4.6. Child Coresidence Benefits Scale Correlations and Regressions=109

Table 5.1. Percentage of the Elderly Receiving Each Type of Support=126

Table 5.2. Percentage Distribution of Main Providers for Those Receiving Support of Each Type=126

Table 5.3. Percentage Receiving Support from Each Source, for Those Receiving Support of Each Type, by Gender of Respondent=128

Table 5.4. Estimated Effects of Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Health Factors on the Log-Odds of Receiving the Specified Type of Support=130

Table 5.5. Percentage Distribution of Children by Selected Sociodemographic Characteristics and Family Composition=132

Table 5.6. Percentage of Children Named as a Support Provider in Each Sociodemographic Category=133

Table 5.7. Estimated Effects of Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Sibship Characteristic on the Log-Odds of Providing Each Type of Support, among Children Whose Elderly Parent Receives the Specific Type of Support from a Child=134

Table 5.8. Percentage of Parent-Child Dyad Agreement on Support Provided and Received by Type of Support=136

Table 5.9. Estimated Effects of Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Sibship Characteristics on the Log-Odds of Agreement on Exchange Between the Parent and the Child=137

Table 6.1. Characteristics of Child Respondents and Their Parents by Living Arrangements=149

Table 6.2. Old-Age Support by Children Under Different Living Arrangements=152

Table 6.3. Change in Support after Marriage under Different Living Arrangements=152

Table 6.4. The Effects of Living Arrangments on Assistance in Services to Older Parents:Logistic Regressions=154

Table 6.5. The Effects of Living Arrangements on Economic Assistance and Other Miscellaneous Support to Older Parents=155

Table 6.6. The Effects of Living Arrangements on Perceived Change of Assistance to Older Parents after Marriage:Logistic Regressions=159

Table 7.1. Comparing the Filial Attitudes of Sons and Daughters=171

Table 7.2. Gender Differences in Coresidence and Visiting Parents=172

Table 7.3. Gender Differences in Relations with Parents=173

Table 7.4. Gender Differences in Support Provided to Parents=175

Table 7.5. Logistic Regression Analysis of Support to Parents=177

Table 7.6. OLS Regression Analysis of Value of Gifts to Parents=179

Table 7.7. OLS Regression Analysis of Cash to Parents and Net Flow to Parents=184

Table 7.8. Gender Differences in Help Provided to Children by Parents=186

Table 8.1. Old-Age Support Provided by Children=204

Table 8.2. Means and Percentage Distributions of Explanatory Variables=206

Table 8.3. Percentage of Intergenerational Support Provided=208

Table 8.4. Effects of Parental Investment on Instrumental Old-Age Support=211

Table 8.5. Effects of Parental Investment on Economic Old-Age Support=215

Table 9.1. Percentage Distributions for Sociodemographic Characteristics of Persons Age 60 and Older in Baoding, China and in Urban Taiwan=242

Table 9.2. Means and Percentage Distributions for Family and Household Composition of Persons Age 60 and Older in Baoding, China and in Urban Taiwan=244

Table 9.3. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Children of Sampled Parents in Baoding and in Taiwan=246

Table 10.1. Percentage of Elderly with Selected Sociodemographic Characteristics Receiving Four Types of Assistance in Baoding and Urban Taiwan=257

Table 10.2A. Percent Distribution of Main Provider for Physical Care and Household Assistance in Baoding and Urban Taiwan=261

Table 10.2B. Percent Distribution of Main Provider for Financial Support and Material Support in Baoding and Urban Taiwan=263

Table 10.3. Percent Distribution for Number of Supports Received and Number of Support Providers in Baoding and Urban Taiwan=266

Table 10.4. Effects of Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Health Factors on Receiving the Specified Type of Support:Coefficients from Logistic Regressions Using Pooled Data=269

Table 10.5. Predicted Probabilities of Receiving Household, Financial, and Material Assistance for Selected Subgroups=270

Table 11.1. Comparison of Attitudes of Taiwanese Elderly Parents and Baoding Elderly Parents=280

Table 11.2. Effects of Elderly Characteristics on Elderly Attitudes:Coefficients of Logistic Regressions(standard errors)=281

Table 11.3. Effects of Parental Characteristics and Country of Residence on Parental Attitudes:Coefficients of Logistic Regressions Using Pooled Data(standard errors)=286

Table 11.4. Comparison of Attitudes of Taiwanese Adult Children and Baoding Adult Children=288

Table 11.5. Effects of Adult Children's Characteristics on Children's Attitudes:Coefficients of Logistic Regressions(standard errors)=289

Table 11.6. Effects of Adult Children's Characteristics and Country of Residence on Children's attitudes:Coefficients of Logistic Regressions Using Pooled Date(standard errors)=293

Appendix

Appendix A=298

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China's revolutions and intergenerational relations 이용현황 표 - 등록번호, 청구기호, 권별정보, 자료실, 이용여부로 구성 되어있습니다.
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This volume counters the widely accepted notion that traditional family patterns are weakened by forces such as economic development and social revolutions. China has experienced wrenching changes on both the economic and the political fronts, yet from the evidence presented here the tradition of filial respect and support for aging parents remains alive and well.
Using collaborative surveys carried out in 1994 in the middle-sized industrial city of Baoding and comparative data from urban Taiwan, the authors examine issues shaping the relationships between adult Chinese children and their elderly parents. The continued vitality of intergenerational support and filial obligations in these samples is not simply an instance of strong Confucian tradition trumping powerful forces of change. Instead, and somewhat paradoxically, the continued strength of filial obligations can be attributed largely to the institutions of Chinese socialism forged in the era of Mao Zedong. With socialist institutions now under assault in the People's Republic of China, the future of intergenerational relations in the twenty-first century is once again uncertain.
Martin K. Whyte is Professor of Sociology, Harvard University.

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