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Introduction=ⅸ

1. RESOURCES

1.1. An Essay on the Principle of Population/Rev.T. R. Malthus=2

1.2. Of Population/William Godwin=4

1.3. A Letter to the Rev.T.R.Malthus/David Booth=6

1.4. "Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy"/Freidrich Engels=7

1.5. Contemporary Social Problems:A Course of Lectures/Achille Loria=8

1.6. The Science of Society/William Graham Sumner;Albert Galloway Keller=10

1.7. "Population Pressure in Japan"/Warren S. Thompson=11

1.8. The Population Bomb/Dr. Paul R. Ehrlich=12

1.9. Our Overcrowded World/Tadd Fisher=13

1.10. "The Conundrum of Consumption"/Alan Them Durning=14

1.11. "The Human Factor"/Timothy E. Wirth=15

2. ECONOMICS

2.1. A Modest Proposal/Jonathan Swift=18

2.2. The Wealth of Nations/Adam Smith=19

2.3. On Political Economy/Thomas Chalmers=20

2.4. Surplus Population/William Cobbett=21

2.5. Wage Labor and Capital/Karl Marx=24

2.6. The Economics of Progress/J .M. Robertson, M.P.=25

2.7. "Birth Control in Soviet Russia"/Dr. Martha Ruben-Wolf=26

2.8. "Some Economic Consequences of a Declining Population"/John Maynard Keynes=27

2.9. The Affluent Society/John Kenneth Galbraith=28

2.10. "Declaration of Population Strategy for Development"=29

3. EUGENICS

3.1. Population and Progress/Montague Crackanthorpe=34

3.2. The Small Family System/C. V. Drysdale=35

3.3. "Prevention of Racial Deterioration and Degeneracy"/Charles H. Clark, M.D.=36

3.4. "Is Race Suicide Possible?"/Alexander Graham Bell=37

3.5. Population Problems/Edward Byron Reuter=38

3.6. "What Is Happening to Our Population?"/Aldous Huxley=39

3.7. Eugenics:A Reassessment/Richard Lynn=40

4. RACE

4.1. Mexico/H. G. Ward=43

4.2. "A Theory of Population deduced from the General Law of Animal Fertility"/Herbert Spencer=45

4.3. "The Races of Man"/Charles Darwin=46

4.4. Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development/Francis Galton=48

4.5. Malthus and His Work/James Bonar=49

4.6. The Declining Birth-Rate/Arthur Newsholme, M.D.=51

4.7. The Passing of the Great Race/Madison Grant=52

4.8. "Constructive Aspect of Birth Control"/Robert J. Sprague=53

4.9. Mankind at the Crossroads/Edward M. East=54

4.10. "Shall the Negro Be Exterminated?"/Marcus Garvey=56

4.11. "ATSIC's requirements for social statistics in the 1990s"/J. C. Menham=57

4.12. "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals by Race"/Campbell Gibson;Kay Jung=58

5. COLONIALISM AND IMPERIALISM

5.1. The History of the Brasils=61

5.2. "Social Conditions in Ireland"/Alexis de Tocqueville=63

5.3. "Conversation with Msgr. Kinseley"/Alexis de Tocqueville=64

5.4. The New Morality/Edward Isaacson=64

5.5. Empire and Commerce in Africa/Leonard Woolf=66

5.6. Danger Spots in World Population/Warren S. Thompson=67

5.7. The Tropical World/Pierre Gourou=68

5.8. O.P, "Imperialism and the Pill"/Jordan Bishop=69

5.9. "Demography in the Reconstruction of African Colonial History"/Bruce Fetter=70

5.10. "A Threat to the Nation and a Threat to the Men"/Amy Kaler=71

6. WAR

6.1. Birth Rate and Empire/James Marchant=73

6.2. "Over-Population of the Earth and Its Dangers"/Dr. Anton Nystrom=75

6.3. Population/Harold Wright=76

6.4. "Birth Control or War"/Rosika Schwimmer=78

6.5. "A League of Low Birth Rate Nations"/Harold Cox=79

6.6. Marriage and Morals/Bertrand Russell=81

6.7. "War and Eugenics, Symposium"/Irving Fisher=81

6.8. Population Roads to Peace or War/Guy Irving Burch;Elmer Pendell=82

6.9. "Editorial:The Only Real Defense"=84

6.10. "Japan's Population"/David Cushman Coyle=85

6.11. Population Control and National Security=86

7. NATION AND MIGRATION

7.1. The Interest of Great Britain Considered/Benjamin Franklin=89

7.2. An Enquiry into the Principles of Population/T. R. Edmonds=91

7.3. Familiar Letters on Population/John Ilderton Burn=92

7.4. "Marcus," The Book of Murder!=93

7.5. The Principles of Sociology/Edward Alsworth Ross=95

7.6. Mein Kampf/Adolf Hitler=96

7.7. My New Order/Adolf Hitler=97

7.8. President Trujillo/Lawrence de Besault=97

7.9. Population:A Problem for Democracy/Gunnar Myrdal=98

7.10. Proceedings of the World Population Conference=99

7.11. Population and World Power/Katherine Organski;A.F.K.Organski=100

7.12. "The Population of Latin America"/T. Lynne Smith=101

7.13. "Population in Israel"/Rasha Faris=102

8. RELIGION

8.1. Remarks on the Influence of Climate/William Falconer, M.D.F.R.S.=103

8.2. An Inquiry Concerning the Population of Nations/George Ensor=105

8.3. "Address on the Tercentenary of the Submission of the Augsburg Confession"(25 June 1830)/G.W.F.Hegel=106

8.4. The Principles of Population/Archibald Alison=107

8.5. A History of the Oriental Nations/Leitch Ritchie=108

8.6. Womanhood/R. Heber Newton=109

8.7. "Some Moral Aspects of Eugenics"/Rev. William R. Inge, D.D.=110

8.8. Family Limitation/John A. Ryan=111

8.9. Birth Control/John M. Cooper=112

8.10. "Birth Control"/M. K. Gandhi=114

8.11. "Some Arguments Considered"/M. K. Gandhi=115

8.12. "The Synagogue and Birth Control"/Stephen Wise=116

8.13. The Time Has Come/John Rock, M.D.=117

8.14. Humanae Vitae(On the Regulation of Birth)/Pope Paul VI=118

8.15. "Cairo's Wake-up Call"/Nigel M. de S. Cameron=119

8.16. "Buddhist Resources for Issues of Population"/Rita M. Gross=120

9. CHILDREN AND FAMILY

9.1. The Science of a New Life/John Cowan, M.D.=123

9.2. Sex Equality/Emmet Densmore;M.D.=124

9.3. Eugenics, Marriage and Birth Control/William J. Robinson, M.D.=125

9.4. The Foes of Our Own Household/Theodore Roosevelt=126

9.5. Modern Marriage/Paul Popenoe=128

9.6. The Child's Heredity/Paul Popenoe=129

9.7. "The Children's Charter"=130

9.8. Marriage/Ernest R. Groves=130

9.9. The Struggle for Population/D. V. Glass=131

9.10. The Human Multitude/Rosamund McDougall=132

9.11. "The Humanitarian and Technical Dilemmas of Population Control in China"/Su Xiaokang=133

10. GENDER AND SEXUALITY

10.1. Fruits of Philosophy/Charles Knowlton, M.D.=135

10.2. "The Law of Population"/Annie Besant=136

10.3. "Decline of the Birthrate"/J. Fizelle=137

10.4. Marriage and the Sex Problem/Dr. F. W. Foerster=138

10.5. The Woman Rebel/Margaret Sanger=139

10.6. "The Outlook in India"/Dr. Prabbu Dutt Shastri=140

10.7. "Sex and Race Progress"/Charlotte Perkins Gilman=142

10.8. On Life and Sex/Havelock Ellis=142

10.9. The Second Sex/Simone de Beauvoir=143

10.10. Memoranda Presented to the Royal Commission on Population=144

10.11. And the Poor Get Children/Lee Rainwater=145

10.12. "Symposium on Law and Population"=145

11. TECHNOLOGY

11.1. "To the Married of Both Sexes of the Working People"/Francis Place=147

11.2. Protection of Women and Children in Soviet Russia/Alice Withrow Field=148

11.3. The New You and Heredity/Amram Scheinfeld=149

11.4. "Report of the President"/John D. Rockefeller Ⅲ=150

11.5. Fabricated Man/Paul Ramsey=151

11.6. Social Aspects of Applied Human Genetics/James R. Sorenson=151

11.7. "Birth-Control Market-Segmentation Strategy"/Julian L. Simon=152

11.8. "Technologies and Organization for Sustainable Provision of Basic Health Needs in the Arab World"/W. A. Hassouna=153

11.9. The Perfect Baby/Glenn McGee=154

12. NUMBERS

12.1. Essays/John Hippisley=157

12.2. Principles of Political Economy/John Stuart Mill=159

12.3. Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory/U.S. Census Bureau=160

12.4. Birth Control/Halliday G. Sutherland=161

12.5. Population Movements/Robert R. Kuczynski=162

12.6. "World Population"/Julian Huxley=163

12.7. "International Conference on Population and Development"/Albert Gore, Jr.=164

12.8. "Too many people pose global risk"/Malcolm Potts=165

Index=167

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What is population history about? It's about birth rates, migration, and economies. It's about families, women, and babies. It is about agricultural production, military conflict, colonies, and race. In short, population history is the human story. This book shows that population issues--numbers of people, how to feed them, their employment, racial makeup, intelligence, health, sexual behavior, and reproduction--have concerned authorities for centuries. The primary documents in this volume illustrate those concerns from the mid-18th century to the present. Provided is background information on each document and coverage of a variety of population perspectives.

All of the concerns illustrated in this volume have helped to mold population policy. From the threat of a population explosion, familiar to those growing up in the 1960s, to birth control, women's rights, and lawmakers' desires to address social ills, this book covers a wide spectrum of issues. Included is a variety of documents, such as treatises, essays, speeches, articles, and passages from books. Tobin's introductory commentary provides a framework for the documents, pointing to their intent and significance. This is the only comprehensive source of documents on population, making it a valuable resource for both professional and armchair historians.