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Preface xi

Contributors xxvii

PART I THE SCIENCE OF SLEEP MEDICINE 1

Normal Human Sleep 3

Anil Natesan Rama

S. Charles Cho

Clete A. Kushida

The Neurobiology of Sleep 11

Gerald A. Marks

Physiologic Processes During Sleep 19

Leon Rosenthal

Biological Rhythms and Sleep 25

Robert Y. Moore

Biology of Dreaming 31

Milton Kramer

Psychology of Dreaming 37

Milton Kramer

The Function of Sleep 45

Marcos G. Frank

The Evolution of Sleep: A Phylogenetic Approach 49

John A. Lesku

Niels C. Rattenborg

Charles J. Amlaner, Jr

Neuropharmacology of Sleep and Wakefulness 63

Edgar Garcia-Rill

Tiffany Wallace

Cameron Good

Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders 73

Maurice M. Ohayon

Christian Guilleminault

Classification of Sleep Disorders 83

Andrew L. Chesson, Jr

PART II INSOMNIA 91

Insomnia: Prevalence and Daytime Consequences 93

W. David Brown

Causes of Insomnia 99

Edward J. Stepanski

Medications that Can Cause Insomnia 103

Carolyn H. Welsh

Randolph V. Fugit

Fatal Familial Insomnia 111

Charles A. Polnitsky

Evaluation of Insomnia 117

Douglas E. Moul

Daniel J. Buysse

Pharmacologic Therapy of Insomnia 125

Teofilo Lee-Chiong

Michael Sateia

Nonpharmacologic Therapy of Insomnia 133

Melanie K. Means

Jack D. Edinger

PART III EXCESSIVE SLEEPINESS 137

Sleep Deprivation and Its Effects on Cognitive Performance 139

Jillian Dorrian

David F. Dinges

Narcolepsy 145

Rafael Pelayo

Maria Cecilia Lopes

Idiopathic Hypersomnia 151

Stephen N. Brooks

Post-traumatic and Recurrent Hypersomnia 157

Carolyn M. D'Ambrosio

Joshua Baron

Sleeping Sickness 163

Alain Buguet

Florian Chapotot

Raymond Cespuglio

Sylvie Bisser

Bernard Bouteille

Medications that Induce Sleepiness 175

J. F. Pagel

Evaluation of Excessive Sleepiness 183

Merrill S. Wise

Therapy for Excessive Sleepiness 191

Max Hirshkowitz

Napping 197

Masaya Takahashi

Kosuke Kaida

Sleep Loss, Sleepiness, Performance, and Safety 203

Roger R. Rosa

PART IV SLEEP DISORDERED BREATHING SYNDROMES 209(172)

Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing 211

B. Tucker Woodson

Snoring 223

Eric J. Olson

John G. Park

Overview of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults 231

Mark H. Sanders

Rachel J. Givelber

Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome 241

Robert D. Ballard

Central Sleep Apnea 249

S. Javaheri

Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome 263

John G. Park

Cardiovascular Complications of Obstructive Sleep Apnea 267

Peter Y. Hahn

Lyle J. Olson

Virend K. Somers

Pulmonary Hypertension and Sleep Disordered Breathing 275

Brooke G. Judd

Neurocognitive and Functional Impairment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea 279

W. David Brown

Sleep Apnea and Cerebrovascular Disease 287

Vahid Mohsenin

Henry Yaggi

Radiographic and Endoscopic Evaluation of the Upper Airway 293

Richard J. Schwab

Neil S. Kline

Evaluation of Sleep Disordered Breathing: Polysomnography 303

Reena Mehra

Kingman P. Strohl

Evaluation of Sleep Disordered Breathing 2: Portable Sleep Monitoring 317

Michael R. Littner

Indications for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Adults 331

Nilesh B. Dave

Patrick J. Strollo

Medical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Life-Style Changes, Weight Reduction, and Postural Therapy 337

Sheldon Kapen

Pharmacological Treatment of Sleep Disordered Breathing 347

David W. Hudgel

Positive Airway Pressure Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea 355

Max Hirshkowitz

Teofilo Lee-Chiong

Upper Airway Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea 365

Aaron E. Sher

Oral Devices Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea 373

Dennis R. Bailey

PART V CIRCADIAN RHYTHM SLEEP DISORDERS 381

Advanced, Delayed, Irregular, and Free-Running Sleep--Wake Disorders 383

Yaron Dagan

Katy Borodkin

Liat Ayalon

Jet Lag 389

Timothy H. Monk

Shift Work Sleep Disorder 395

Gary S. Richardson

Neurological and Medical Disorders Associated with Circadian Rhythm Disturbances 401

Ramadevi Gourineni

Phyllis C. Zee

Psychiatric Disorders Associated with Circadian Rhythm Disturbances 409

Stephany Jones

Ruth M. Benca

Therapy of Circadian Sleep Disorders 415

Robert Sack

Kyle Johnson

PART VI PARASOMNIAS 423

Disorders of Arousal and Sleep-Related Movement Disorders 425

Keith Cavanaugh

Norman R. Friedman

Sleepwalking 429

Rosalind D. Cartwright

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and REM-Related Parasomnias 435

Maja Tippmann-Peikert

Timothy I. Morgenthaler

Bradley F. Boeve

Michael H. Silber

Nocturnal Enuresis in Children 443

Marie-Josephe Challamel

Pierre Cochat

Sleep Bruxism 449

Gaby Bader

Sleep-Related Eating Disorders 457

R. Robert Auger

Timothy I. Morgenthaler

Other Parasomnias 463

Asher Qureshi

PART VII MOVEMENT DISORDERS 471

Restless Legs Syndrome 473

Philip M. Becker

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder 483

Basheer Y. Khassawneh

PART VIII SLEEP IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN 487

Ontogeny of EEG Sleep from Neonatal Through Infancy Periods 489

Mark S. Scher

Sleep in Infants and Children 507

Stephen H. Sheldon

Sleep and Breathing During Early Postnatal Life 511

Aviv D. Goldbart

Riva Tauman

David Gozal

Congenital Syndromes Affecting Respiratory Control During Sleep 517

Manisha B. Witmans

Maida L. Chen

Sally L. Davidson Ward

Thomas G. Keens

Sudden Infant Deaths 529

A. Kahn

P. Franco

J. Groswasser

S. Scaillet

B. Dan

I. Kato

T. Sawaguchi

I. Kelmanson

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children 535

Preetam Bandla

Carole L. Marcus

The Sleepless Child 541

William H. Moorcroft

The Sleepy Child 547

Gerald Rosen

Craniofacial Syndromes and Sleep Disorders 551

Laurel M. Wills

James Q. Swift

Karlind T. Moller

Medical Disorders 561

John M. Palmer

Lee J. Brooks

Sleep in Children with Neurological Disorders 567

Suresh Kotagal

Sleep in Children with Neuromuscular Disease 575

Deborah C. Givan

Sleep in Children with Behavioral and Psychiatric Disorders 581

Judith A. Owens

Katherine Finn Davis

Circadian Rhythm Disorders in Infants, Children, and Adolescents 589

John H. Herman

PART IX SLEEP IN THE ELDERLY 597

Normal Sleep in Aging 599

Liat Ayalon

Sonia Ancoli-Israel

Sleep Disordered Breathing in Older Adults 605

Nalaka Gooneratne

Insomnia and Aging 611

Leah Friedman

Sleep in Institutionalized Older Adults 615

Jennifer L. Martin

Cathy A. Alessi

PART X SLEEP AMONG WOMEN 621

Patterns of Sleep in Women: An Overview 623

Helen S. Driver

Sleep During Pregnancy and Postpartum 629

Kathryn A. Lee

Menstrual-Related Sleep Disorders 637

Grace W. Pien

Elizabeth A. Beothy

Sleep Disordered Breathing in Women 643

M. Safwan Badr

Sleep During the Perimenopausal Period 651

Naomi L. Rogers

Ronald R. Grunstein

Sleep During Postmenopause 657

Karen E. Moe

PART XI SLEEP IN THE RESPIRATORY DISORDERS 661

Respiratory Control During Sleep 663

William R. Krimsky

James C. Leiter

Asthma 669

David A. Beuther

Richard J. Martin

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Sleep 677

Conrad Iber

Sleep and Breathing in Cystic Fibrosis 685

Amanda J. Piper

Maree A. Milross

Peter T.P. Bye

Restrictive Thoracic and Neuromuscular Disorders 693

Christophe Perrin

Carolyn D'Ambrosio

Alexander White

Erik Garpestad

Nicholas S. Hill

Noninvasive Ventilation and Sleep 705

G. Liistro

D. Rodenstein

PART XII SLEEP IN THE CARDIAC DISORDERS 711

Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease 713

Robert D. Ballard

Congestive Heart Failure 721

Emilio Mazza

Indira Gurubhagavatula

Cardiac Arrhythmias and Sudden Death During Sleep 727

Richard L. Verrier

Mark E. Josephson

PART XIII SLEEP IN THE OTHER MEDICAL DISORDERS 733

Sleep and the Gastrointestinal Tract 735

William C. Orr

Renal Disease 741

Kathy P. Parker

Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders and Sleep 745

Alexandros N. Vgontzas

Slobodanka Pejovic

George P. Chrousos

Sleep in Fibromyalgia and Chronic Pain 759

Susan M. Harding

Teofilo Lee-Chiong

Sleep and the Immune Response 767

James M. Krueger

Jeannine A. Majde

PART XIV SLEEP IN THE NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS 773

Alzheimer's Dementia 775

Michael V. Vitiello

Neurodegenerative Disorders 783

David G. Harper

Parkinson's Disease 789

Michael H. Silber

Seizures 793

Margaret N. Shouse

Headaches and Sleep 805

Glen P. Greenough

Cerebrovascular Disorders 809

Bishoy Labib

Sarkis M. Nazarian

Brain and Spinal Cord Injury 817

Richard J. Castriotta

The Blind Patient 823

Damien Leger

Arnaud Metlaine

PART XV SLEEP IN THE PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS 827

Schizophrenia 829

Rachel J. Norwood

Teofilo Lee-Chiong

Mood Disorders 837

Roseanne Armitage

Anxiety Disorders and Sleep 845

Michael Weissberg

Appendix 851

Trauma and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 857

Giora Pillar

Louise Harder

Atul Malhotra

Alcohol, Alcoholism, and Sleep 867

Maren Hyde

Timothy Roehrs

Thomas Roth

Drugs of Abuse and Sleep 873

Maren Hyde

Timothy Roehrs

Thomas Roth

PART XVI SLEEP IN SPECIAL PATIENT GROUPS 879

Sleep and the Caregiver 881

Patricia A. Carter

Sleep in Patients with HIV Disease 885

Suzan E. Jaffe

The Patient with Cancer 893

Christine A. Engstrom

Sleep in the Intensive Care Unit 899

Samuel L. Krachman

Wissam Chatila

Sleep and the Cardiac Surgery Patient 909

Nancy S. Redeker

Christine Hedges

Sleep Disturbances After Noncardiac Surgery 913

Ismail Gogenur

Jacob Rosenberg

Relevance of Anesthesiology for Sleep Medicine 927

Ralph Lydic

Helen A. Baghdoyan

Sleep at High Altitudes 933

Wissam Chatila

Samuel Krachman

Sleep and Aviation 939

John A. Caldwell

Sleep, Exercise, and Sports 947

Carol A. Enderlin

Kathy C. Richards

Sleep, Sleep Loss, and Circadian Influences on Performance and Professionalism of Health Care Workers 953

Sigrid Carlen Veasey

The Student with Sleep Complaints 959

Jagdeep Bijwadia

Donn Dexter

PART XVII SLEEP ASSESSMENT METHODS 965

The Sleep Interview and Sleep Questionnaires 967

Charles J. Bae

Joseph A. Golish

Polysomnography 973

Nancy A. Collop

Pediatric Polysomnography 977

May L. Griebel

Linda K. Moyer

Introduction to Sleep Electroencephalography 989

Selim R. Benbadis

Monitoring Respiration During Sleep 1025

Ulysses J. Magalang

Rami Khayat

Naeem Ali

Recording and Monitoring Limb Movements During Sleep 1031

Crintz E. Scott

Actigraphy 1035

Christine Acebo

pH Monitoring and Other Esophageal Tests 1039

Gary R. Cott

Psychological Assessment of the Sleep Patient 1045

Amy B. Robinson Ikelheimer

Brian Hoyt

Operating and Managing a Sleep Disorders Center 1051

Richard S. Rosenberg

Accrediting a Sleep Program 1055

Donna Arand

Index 1059