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CONTENTS

List of Contributors xiii

Foreword xvii

SECTION 1 OVERVIEW ON COMPETITION AND OWNERSHIP IN LAND PASSENGER TRANSPORT 1

Chapter 1

Introduction Rosario Macario 3

Chapter 2

Looking forward: what comes next in competition and ownership of land passenger transport?

David A. Hensher 9

SECTION 2 INNOVATION IN GOVERNANCE, PLANNING AND SERVICE DESIGN 33

Chapter 3

Transport And Governance: Co-Decision and Power Sharing Jose M. Viegas 35

Chapter 4

Creative Problem Solving in Developing Countries Ken Gwilliam 51

Chapter 5

Reorganisation of processes to gain competitive advantages: The case of RAIL 2000 and beyond

Oskar Stalder 71

SECTION 3 REGULATORY REFORM 79

Chapter 6

Regulation and Competition in the European Land Transport Industry: Recent Evolutions

Didier van de Velde 81

Chapter 7

Reform of European Passenger Railways - Where Do We Stand? Chris Nash 95

SECTION 4 INSTITUTIONAL CONFIGURATIONS AND FRAMEWORKS 115

Chapter 8

Metropolitan Planning Organizations in the United States - Issues and Challenges Peter E. Plumeau 117

Chapter 9

Reestructuring, Regulation and Institutional Design: A Fitness Problem Rosario Macario 129

Chapter 10

Institutional Arrangements in Berlin Public transport: A success story in innovation

Ralf Resch, Julien Dehornoy 155

SECTION 5 CONTRACTS AND PARTNERSHIPS 169

Chapter 11

Contracting-Out Public Transport Planning: Options and Prospects John Preston 171

Chapter 12

Tactical Level Partnerships: A Context Of Trust For Successful Operation John Stanley, Jim Betts, Stephen Lucas 189

SECTION 6 POLICY BUSINESS INTERACTION 213

Chapter 13

Can business strategy influence policy cycles? Roger Vickerman 215

Chapter 14

Maximizing Urban Transport Economic Benefits: Urban Performance Indicators Wendell Cox 231

SECTION 7 HORIZONTAL LESSONS ON COMPETITION AND OWNERSHIP 247

Chapter 15

Competition and Ownership: Transferability of Experiences From Maritime

Transport To Land-Based Modes

H. Meersman and E. Van de Voorde 249

Chapter 16

Privatization and ecentralization in Network Utilities: What Lessons Can We Learn? Rimy Prud' homm 269

SECTION 8 DESIGN AND INNOVATION IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT TO FOSTER PATRONAGE 291

Chapter 17

Design and Innovation of competitive public transport to foster patronage: Theme A Alvaro Costa, Cecflia Silva 293

Chapter 18

Market Analysis of Passenger Vans in Bangkok Supaporn Kaewko Leopairojna and Shinya Hanaoka 303

Chapter 19

Network Planning for High Quality Public Transport Corinne Mulley, John D Nelson, Gustav Nielsen 331

Chapter 20

Line Bundling - A Scientific Method To Identify Line Sets Jiirgen Kaiser, Irene Burger 355

III

Chapter 21

Level And Structure Of Optimal Bus Fares Jan Owen Jansson and Anders Ljungberg 373

Chapter 22

Optimal Bus Transport Financing - A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of Zero Fares Policies In Urban Bus Transport

Anders Ljungberg 393

SECTION 9 TENDERING, CONTRACT DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES - CREATING AND MAINTAINING TRUSTING PARTNERSHIPS 421

Chapter 23

Workshop B Report: Creating And Maintaining Trusting Partnerships John Stanley 423

Chapter 24

Tactical Level Partnerships: Legal Perspective And Challenges Kerry C. H. Duncan 437

Chapter 25

Competitive Tendering for Urban Bus Services - Cost Impacts: International Experience And Issues

Ian P. Wallis, David A. Hensher 453

Chapter 26

"Organizing trust". On the institutional underpinning and erosion of trust in different organizational forms in public transport

Frode Longva and Oddgeir Osland 489

Chapter 27

The Attribution Process of Delegation Contracts in the French Urban Public Transport Sector: Why is Competitive Tendering a Myth?

Anne Yvrande-Billon 501

Chapter 28

Spatial Alliances of Public Transit Operators: Establishing operator preferences for area management contracts with Government

David A. Hensher, Louise Knowles 517

SECTION 10 KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS AND DATA FOR MONITORING AND AUDITING 547

Chapter 29

Key Performance indicators and data for monitoring and auditing: theme C Jonathan Cowie, John Preston 549

Chapter 30

Incorporating Qualitative Elements in the Assessment of Railway Performance - Service Provision Outputs in Swiss Independent Railways Jonathan Cowie 561

Chapter 31

Closing the Loop: Feeding Back Operational Performance Indicators Into Supply Planning And Quality Control

Klaus Nokel, Karin Schweiger 577

Chapter 32

Estimation and implementation of optimal performance-based subsidies in Norwegian intercity rail transport

Nils Fearnley 589

Chapter 33

The Price of Rail Infrastructure - Methods For Determining The Value Of Railway Lines And Networks

Anselm Ott 605

Chapter 34

Development of an Indicators System for Quality Management of the

Interstate and International Coach Transportation Service in Brazil

Marcos T. Q. Magalhiies, Yaeko Yamashita, George L. Texeira, Luis G. P. L. Carneiro 625

SECTION 11 COMPETITION, REGULATORY CHANGE AND OWNERSHIP 641

Chapter 35

Report from Workshop D: Competition, Regulatory Change and Ownership Didier van de Velde, Brendan Finn 643

Chapter 36

Transition From Public Monopoly To Controlled Competition

in a Post Socialist Economy - Experience In The Republic Of Kazakhstan Brendan Finn 659

Chapter 37

Adapative approaches for the improvement of public transport in Latin American cities

Joaquim Aragiio, Regina Witter 677

Chapter 38

Efficiency and regulation in the taxi industry - implications of waiting time Odd 1. Larsen, Jon- Terje Bekken 693

Chapter 39

Reforming Russian Railways: Introduction of Competition and New Regulatory Challenges

Andrei Dementiev 707

Chapter 40

Changes in the Regulatory and Organisational Frameworks in Local Public Transport Operation In Brazilian Cities Alexandre de Avila Gomide 737

SECTION 12 INSTITUTIONAL CONFIGURATION AND FRAMEWORK AS A DRIVER FOR SYSTEM PERFORMANCE 749

Chapter 41

Workshop E: Institutional configuration and framework as a driver for system performance

Chris Nash, Gunnar Alexandersson 751

Chapter 42

How Regional Authorities Improve Public Transport Governance Wijnand Veeneman 759

Chapter 43

Swedish Railways: An Assessment of Past Reforms and Options For The Future Gunnar Alexandersson and Staffan Hulten 777

Chapter 44

The financial realities of leasing trains: the British experience Jean Shaoul 797

Chapter 45

Transport Regulatory Agencies and Civil Law Tradition in Latin America: Some Issues From Recent Brazilian Experience

Romulo Dante Orrico Filho, Anisio Brasileiro, Oswaldo Lima Neto, Jose Eduardo Albanese 819

SECTION 13 POLICY EVOLUTION AND DECISION MAKING PROCESSES 829

Chapter 46

Workshop F: Policy Evolution and Decision Making Process

David Bray, Austin Smyth 831

Chapter 47

Improving the Decision Making Process in Urban Transport Planning

Maria Eugenia Lopez-Lambas, Andres Monzon 845

Chapter 48

Public Transport System in Greece: Current Situation And Future Challenges Christos Taxiltaris, Maria Spandou 861

Chapter 49

Overview of Public Transport Policy Developments in the Commuter Bus Industry in South Africa

Jackie Walters 881

Chapter 50

What have the countries of Eastern Europe to learn from experiences

in reforming regulation and control of land transport in Western Europe?

Austin Smyth 899

Chapter 51

Public Transport and Urban Poverty: A Synthetic Index of Adequate Service

Alexandre de Avila Gomide 923

SECTION 14 CONCLUSIONS 965

Chapter 52

Concluding remarks

Rosario Macario, Jose M. Viegas, David A. Hensher 967