영문목차

PREFACE=v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS=vii

INTRODUCTION=ix

TABLE FOR RELOCATING CASES=xli

TABLE OF CASES=xlix

Chapter I. JURISDICTION OF MARITIME CASES

SECTION A. THE ENGLISH FORMULATION

Note on Materials and Methods=1

Thompson v. The Catharina(D.Pa.1795)=5

Authorities on U.S.Admiralty Jurisdiction

U.S.Const. Art. Ill, §§1-2=7

The First Judiciary Act 1789, §9=7

De Lovio v. Boit(C.C.D. Mass.1815)=8

Senior Courts Act 1981 : Admiralty Jurisdiction(U.K.)=13

Jackson v. The Magnolia(U.S.1858)=14

SECTION B. U.S.FORMULATIONS TO 1972

1. Blue Waters to Tidewaters to Navigable Waters

Note on the High Seas and Tidal Waters=17

Thomas v. Lane(C.C.D.Me.1813)=17

New Jersey Steam Nav. Co. v. Merchants' Bank(The Lexington) (U.S.1848)=17

The Thomas Jefferson(U.S.1825)=18

Peyroux v. Howard(U.S.1833)=18

The Orleans v. Phoebus(U.S.1837)=19

Waring v. Clarke(U.S.1847)=19

Authority on Great Lakes Admiralty Jurisdiction

The Act of 1845=20

The Genesee Chief v. Fitzhugh(U.S.1851)=20

Note on Completing the Navigability Formulation=23

2. The "Locality" Test for Maritime Torts

The Plymouth(U.S.1866)=24

Note on Joinder of Actions in Ship-to-Shore Casualties=25

Crowell v. Benson(U.S.1932)=26

Authority on Extended Admiralty Jurisdiction

The Extension Act(2006, 1948)=26

Tagliere v. Harrah's Illinois Corp.(7th Cir.2006)=27

Note on the Extension Act=29

Victory Carriers, Inc. v. Law(U.S.1971)=29

3. "Subject-Matter" for Maritime Contracts

Insurance Co. v. Dunham(U.S.1871)=30

North Pacific S. S. Co. v. Hall Bros. Marine Ry.(U.S.1919)=30

SECTION C. THE EXECUTIVE JET FORMULATION

1. "Significant Relationship to Traditional Maritime Activity"

Executive Jet Aviation, Inc. v. City of Cleveland(U.S.1972)=32

Foremost Ins. Co. v. Richardson(U.S.1982)=37

Sisson v. Ruby(U.S.1990)=40

Jerome B. Grubart, Inc. v. Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Co.(U.S.1995)=43

2. Admiralty Jurisdiction Since Executive Jet

Note on Applying the Executive Jet Formulation=47

Vasquez v. GMD Shipyard Corp.(2d Cir.2009)=48

In re Mission Bay Jet Sports, LLC(9th Cir.2009)=48

In re Three Buoys Houseboat Vacations U.S.A., Ltd.(8th Cir.1990)=49

Kalafrana Shipping Ltd. v. Sea Gull Shipping Co. Ltd.(S.D.N.Y.2008)=50

Alleman v. Omni Energy Services Corp.(5th Cir.2009)=52

SECTION D. OUTCOMES OF MARITIME CASES

1.Relief in Civil Actions

Note on Types of Relief in Admiralty=54

Note on Interest in General and in Admiralty=55

City of Milwaukee v. Cement Div., National Gypsum Co.(U.S.1995)=55

Exxon Shipping Co. v. Baker(U.S.2008)=58

Note on Punitive Damages in Admiralty Cases=61

Atlantic Sounding Co. v. Townsend(U.S.2009)=61

Note on Equitable Remedies in Admiralty=62

Kynoch v. The S. C. Ives(N.D.Ohio 1856)=62

Marine Transit Corp. v. Dreyfus(U.S.1932)=63

Farrell Lines Inc. v. Ceres Terminals Inc.(2d Cir.1998)=63

2. Penal Actions

Note on the Prize Jurisdiction=65

Note on Forfeiture of Maritime Property=66

Note on Maritime Crimes=67

SECTION E. UNIFORM MARITIME LAW

1. Maritime Actions in Federal Courts

Note on Maritime Cases in the United States=68

Note on Exclusive Admiralty Jurisdiction=68

Romero v. International Terminal Operating Co.(U.S.1959)=69

Authority on Supplemental Jurisdiction=71

28 U.S.C. A. §1367. Supplemental Jurisdiction=71

Note on Supplemental Jurisdiction in Admiralty=72

Kermarec v. Compagnie Generale Transatlantique(U.S.1959)=74

2. Maritime Cases in State Courts

The Moses Taylor(U.S.1867)=76

Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc.(U.S.2001)=77

Note on the Removal of Maritime Cases=79

Garrett v. Moore-McCormack Co.(U.S.1942)=80

3. State Law in Maritime Cases

Southern Pacific Co. v. Jensen(U.S.1917)=82

Kossick v. United Fruit Co.(U.S.1961)=87

Misener Marine Constr., Inc. v. Norfolk Dredging Co.(11th Cir.2010)=90

Regions Equipment Finance Corp. v. The AT 2400(5th Cir.2011)=90

Note on Uniform Maritime Law and Maritime-but-Local=91

Chapter II. PRACTICE IN ADMIRALTY CASES

Note on Practice and Procedure in Admiralty Cases=93

Federal Rule 9(h). Admiralty or Maritime Claim=94

Federal Rules Form 7(c). Statement of Jurisdiction=94

SECTION A. ARREST

Note on the Fundamentals of Arrest, Attachment and Garnishment=95

Authority on Arrest

Rule C. In Rem Actions : Special Provisions=96

Amstar Corp. v. The Alexandros T.(4th Cir.1981)=98

Note on the Mechanics of Arrest=102

Pee Dee State Bank v. The Wild Turkey(D.S.C.1991)=105

SECTION B. THE ACTION IN PERSONAM

Note on Admiralty Actions In Personam=108

Porina v. Marward Shipping Co.(2d Cir.2008)=109

SECTION C. ATTACHMENT AND GARNISHMENT

Note on a Hybrid Procedure=114

Authority on Attachment and Garnishment

Rule B. In Personam Actions : Attachment and Garnishment=114

Note on Making Defendants "Found Within the District"=115

Note on Attaching Electronic Funds in Transit=116

Transportes Navieros y Terrestres S. A. v. Fairmount Heavy

Transport N. V.(2d Cir.2009)=118

Note on Appeals in Rule B and Rule C Cases=120

Stevedoring Services of Amer. v. Ancora Transport, N. V.(9th Cir.1995)=120

SECTION D. VENUE

Note on Proper Venue in Admiralty=121

In re the Louisville Underwriters(U.S.1890)=121

Canada Malting Co. v. Paterson Steamships, Ltd.(U.S.1932)=122

Note on the View of United Kingdom Courts=124

Note on Inconvenient Venue in Admiralty Cases=125

American Dredging Co. v. Miller(U.S.1994)=129

Sinochem Int. Co. v. Malaysia Int. Shipping Corp.(U.S.2007)=132

SECTION E. TRIAL BY JURY

Note on Jury Trial in Admiralty Cases=133

Fitzgerald v. United States Lines Co.(U.S.1963)=134

Ghotra v. Bandila Shipping Inc.(9th Cir.1997)=135

St. Paul Fire & Marine Inc. Co. v. Lago Canyon, Inc.(11th Cir.2009)=136

In re Lockheed Martin Corp.(4th Cir.2007)=137

SECTION F. ARBITRATION

Authorities on Arbitration

NYPE 1993 §45. Arbitration=137

American Arbitration Ass'n. Standard Arbitration Clause=138

Note on Arbitration and Courts=138

Authority on Confirming Awards

U.S.Arbitration Act §§9-11. Award of Arbitrators=142

Duferco Int'l Steel Trading Co. v. T. Klaveness Shipping A/S(2d Cir.2003)=143

Stolt-Nielsen S.A. v. Animalfeeds Int. Corp.(U.S.2010)=145

SECTION G. GOVERNMENTS AS DEFENDANTS

Governments Can Be Plaintiffs=148

Canadian Aviator, Ltd. v. United States(U.S.1945)=148

Note on Government Immunity and Waiver=150

Northern Ins. Co. of N. Y. v. Chatham County, Ga.(U.S.2006)=152

Note on International Reciprocity under the Public Vessels Act=154

Indian Towing Co. v. United States(U.S.1955)=155

Kelly v. United States(2d Cir.1976)=157

Note on Uncertainty over Which Waiver Statute to Use=158

Note on the Discretionary Function Exception=159

McMellon v. United States(4th Cir.2004)=159

MS Tabea Schiffahrtsgesellschaft MBH v. Board of Comm'rs v. United States(5th Cir.2011)=160

Indemnity Ins. Co. v. United States(4th Cir.2009)=160

Cranford v. United States(11th Cir.2006)=160

Authority on Suing Foreign Governments

28 U.S.C. A. §1330. Actions Against Foreign States=161

Note on U.S.Litigation of the Prestige Casualty=161

Authority on Arresting Foreign-Government-Owned Ships

Foreign Sovereign Immunity Act, 28 U.S.C.A. §1605=161

Note on Arresting Foreign-Government-Owned Ships=162

Chapter III. OCEAN MARINE INSURANCE

SECTION A. FUNDAMENTALS OF OCEAN MARINE INSURANCE

1. Concepts and Terms

Note on Ocean Marine Insurance=165

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 79. Right of Subrogation=166

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 3. Marine Adventure and Maritime Perils Defined=167

American Institute Cargo Clauses 2004. "All Risks"=168

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 5. Insurable Interest Defined=168

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 4. Avoidance of Wagering or Gaming Contracts=169

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 55. Included and Excluded Losses=170

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 78. Suing and Labouring Clause=172

Note on Ocean Marine Exceptions to the Principles of Insurance=173

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 6. When Interest Must Attach["Lost or Not Lost"]=173

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 27. Valued Policy=174

2. Jurisdiction and Practice

Note on Admiralty Jurisdiction and Practice in Ocean Marine Insurance Cases=175

SECTION B. HULL AND MACHINERY INSURANCE

1. The Utmost Good Faith : Uberrimae Fidei

Authority on Uberrimae Fidei

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 17. Insurance is Uberrimae Fidei=175

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 18. Disclosure by Assured=176

Cusano v. Continental Cas. Co.(D.Conn.2002)=176

2. Warranties and Compliance

Authority on Warranties and Compliance

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 33. Nature of Warranty=178

Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 34. When Breach of Warranty Excused=178

Pacific Fisheries Corp. v. HIH Cas. & Gen. Ins., Ltd.(9th Cir.2001)=179

Wilburn Boat Co. v. Fireman's Fund Ins. Co.(U.S.1955)=180

Note on the Aftermath of Wilburn Boat=185

Albany Ins. Co. v. Anh Thi Kieu(5th Cir.1991)=185

Note on the Aftermath of Anh Thi Kieu=188

New Hampshire Ins. Co. v. Diller(D.N.J.2009)=188

3. Perils of the Sea and Seaworthiness

Authority on the Warranty of Seaworthiness : Marine Insurance Act, 1906. 39. Warranty of Seaworthiness of Ship=189

Continental Ins. Co. v. Lone Eagle Shipping Ltd.(Liberia) (S.D.N.Y.1997)=189

SECTION C. CARGO INSURANCE

Note on Insuring Cargo=198

American Institute Cargo Clauses 2004. 8. Operating Clauses. Reports of Shipments=199

Global Process Systems Inc. v. Syarikat Takaful Malaysia Berhad(UKSC 2011)=199

SECTION D. PROTECTION AND INDEMNITY INSURANCE

1. Pay to Be Paid

Authority on Pay to Be Paid

London Steam-Ship Owners' Mutual Ins. Ass'n Ltd. Rule 3. Right to Recover and Subrogation=204

United States v. The Marine Venture(D.Md.2000)=204

2. Direct Actions Against the Insurer

Note on Direct Actions Against Insurers=208

State Trading Corp. of India, Ltd. v. Assuranceforeningen Skuld(2d Cir.1990)=208

Maryland Cas. Co. v. Cushing(U.S.1954)=209

3. Compulsory Insurance

Note on Compulsory Insurance=211

SECTION E. POLLUTION AND INSURANCE

Note on the Aftermath of the Torrey Canyon Casualty=212

Note on the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and Litigation=215

Note on Insurance under OPA 90=216

Chapter IV. MARITIME PROPERTY

SECTION A. OWNERSHIP AND USE

Note on Property Law in the Maritime Context=218

Authority on Maritime Property Actions

Rule D. Possessory, Petitory, and Partition Actions=220

The Tilton(C.C.D.Mass.1830)=220

Gulf Coast Shell & Aggregate LP v. Newlin(5th Cir.2010)=221

Madruga v. Superior Court(U.S.1954)=221

Note on Conflicting Rules of Property=223

SECTION B. MARITIME LIENS

1. The Lien in Property Law

Note on the Concept of "Lien"=223

2. The Maritime Lien in English Law

Harmer v. Bell(The Bold Buccleugh) (P.C.1852)=225

Republic of India v. India S. S. Co.(The Indian Grace) (H.L.1997)=227

Note on the "Procedural" Maritime Lien Action=229

Note on International Arrest Conventions=229

3. The Maritime Lien in U.S.Law

Note on the Personification Fiction=230

The Young Mechanic(U.S.1855)=231

Authority on Maritime Liens

46 U.S.C. A. §31341. Persons Presumed to Have Authority=232

46 U.S.C. A. §31342. Establishing Maritime Liens=232

Note on the Growth of U.S.Maritime Liens=232

Vandewater v. Mills(U.S.1857)=233

Equilease Corp. v. The Sampson(5th Cir.1986)=233

Note on Maritime Property That Is Subject to Maritime Liens=234

Cope v. Vallette Dry Dock Co.(U.S.1887)=234

Fairbanks, Morse & Co. v. The Joseph Warner(D.Mass.1939)=235

C. I. T. Corp. v. The Peggy(5th Cir.1970)=235

Note on the Life-Span of a Ship=236

Tucker v. Alexandroff(U.S.1902)=236

Thames Towboat Co. v. The Francis McDonald(U.S.1920)=236

The China(U.S.1869)=237

Rainbow Line, Inc. v. The Tequila(S.D.N.Y.1972)=239

Gulf Oil Trading Co. v. The Caribe Mar(5th Cir.1985)=240

Note on Classifying Maritime Liens=244

The America(D.N.J.1909)=245

Todd Shipyards Corp. v. The City of Athens(D.Md.1949)=245

Exxon Corp. v. Central Gulf Lines, Inc.(U.S.1991)=246

Note on the Extinction of Maritime Lien Claims=247

American Bank of Wage Claims v. Registry(9th Cir.1970)=248

Note on Laches=249

Tagaropulos, S. A. v. The Santa Paula(9th Cir.1974)=249

The Key City(U.S.1871)=250

Gardner v. Panama R.R. Co.(U.S.1951)=250

Note on the Development of U.S.Maritime Lien Law=251

The General Smith(U.S.1819)=251

The Lottawanna(U.S.1875)=251

Authority on Maritime Liens

46 U.S.C. A. §31301. Definitions[Necessaries and Preferred Maritime Lien]=254

46 U.S.C. A. §31307. State Statutes Superseded=254

Bradford Marine, Inc. v. The Sea Falcon(11th Cir.1995)=254

Itel Containers Int'l Corp. v. Atlanttrafik Express Service Ltd.(2d Cir.1992)=255

Oil Shipping(Bunkering) B. V. v. Sonmez Denizcilik Ve Ticaret A. S.(The Ziya SBunker Lien) (3d Cir.1993)=257

SECTION C. SHIP MORTGAGES AND MARITIME LIENS

Note on Ship Mortgages

Bogart v. The John Jay(U.S.1854)=261

Detroit Trust Co. v. The Thomas Barlum(U.S.1934)=262

Authority on U.S.Ship Mortgages

46 U.S.C. A. §31301. Definitions[Preferred Mortgage]=264

46 U.S.C. A. §31323. Disclosing and Incurring Obligations before Executing Preferred Mortgages=264

46 U.S.C. A. §31326. Court Sales to Enforce Preferred Mortgage Liens and Maritime Liens and Priority of Claims=265

Note on Preferred Ship Mortgages and Preferred Maritime Liens=265

Note on Protecting Domestic Maritime Trade=266

SECTION D. PROBLEMS WITH MORTGAGES AND LIENS

1. International Problems

Bankers Trust Int'l Ltd. v. Todd Shipyards Corp.(The Halcyon Isle) (P.C.1980)=266

Oil Shipping(Bunkering) B. V. v. Sonmez Denizcilik Ve Ticaret A.S.(The Ziya S-Mortgage) (3d Cir.1993)=270

2. Domestic Problems

Associated Metals & Minerals Corp. v. The Alexander's Unity(5th Cir.1995)=272

Crescent Towing & Salvage Co. v. The Anax(5th Cir.1994)=275

Note on Admiralty and Bankruptcy=278

The Philomena(D.Mass.1911)=279

Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Good Hope Refineries, Inc.(5th Cir.1979)=280

Chapter V. CHARTERING

SECTION A. THE BUSINESS OF CHARTERING VESSELS

Note on the Business of Chartering Vessels=282

SECTION B. "FIXING" THE CHARTERPARTY

Note on Charters, Chartering and Charterparties=284

Star S.S. Soc. v. Beogradska Plovidba(The Junior K) (U.K.Com.Ct.1988)=285

Note on "Subject to Details"=290

Great Circle Lines, Ltd. v. Matheson & Co.(The Cluden) (2d Cir.1982)=291

U.S.Titan, Inc. v. Guangzhou Zhen Hua Shipping Co., Ltd.(The Bin He) (2d Cir.2001)=292

SECTION C. TYPES OF CHARTERPARTY

Note on Types of Charterparty=292

1. Demise Chartering

Note on Demise Chartering=292

Authority on Demise Chartering

Bareboat Charterparty=294

Stolthaven Houston, Inc. v. The Rachel B(S.D.N.Y.2008)=295

2. Time Chartering

Note on Time Chartering=299

Authority on Time Chartering

New York Produce Exchange Time Charter Party Form(NYPE 93)=300

3. Voyage Chartering

Note on Voyage Chartering=305

Authority on Voyage Chartering

Uniform General Charter(GENCON 1994)=306

SECTION D. CHARTERPARTY WARRANTIES

Note on "Warranties" and "Covenants"=311

1. Owner Warrants Seaworthiness

Authority on Seaworthiness

NYPE 93 §2. Owners' Responsibility Clause=312

Aaby v. States Marine Corp.(2d Cir.1950)=312

Mobil Shipping & Transp. Co. v. Wonsild Liquid Carriers Ltd.(2d Cir.1999)=315

2. Charterer Warrants Safe Ports, Berths and Places

Authority on Safe Ports, Berths and Places

NYPE 93 §5. Trading Limits, §12. Berths=318

GENCON 1994 Part II, Cl.1.=319

American President Lines, Ltd. v. United States(N.D.Cal.1961)=319

Note on "Safe Port," "Safe Berth," and "Safe Place"=320

Orduna, S.A. v. Zen-Noh Grain Corp.(5th Cir.1990)=321

SECTION E. REMEDIES

1. Adjudicating Disputes under Charterparties

Note on Litigating and Arbitrating Chartering Disputes=322

Note on Chartering and Maritime Liens=323

Rainbow Line, Inc. v. The Tequila(S.D.N.Y.1972)=323

Osaka Shosen Kaisha v. Pacific Export Lumber Co.(The Saigon Maru) (U.S.1923)=323

2. Charterer's Right to Cancel and Owner's Right to Withdraw Vessel

Authority on Cancelling

NYPE 93 §16. Delivery/Cancelling=325

GENCON 1994 §9. Cancelling Clause=326

Note on Cancelling=326

Authority on Withdrawal

NYPE 93 §11.[Withdrawal]=326

Luckenbach v. Pierson(2d Cir.1915)=326

3. Charterer's Right to Suspend Charter Hire

Note on "Off-Hire"=328

4. Exceptions and Frustration

Authority on Exceptions

NYPE 93 §21. Exceptions=329

Clyde Commercial S. S. Co. v. West India S. S. Co.(2d Cir.1909)=329

Earn Line S. S. Co. v. Sutherland S.S. Co.(The Claveresk) (2d Cir.1920)=331

Note on Frustration of Charter Parties=333

NYPE 93 §34. Requisition=333

Wong Wing Fai Co. v. United States(9th Cir.1988)=333

5. Damages

Note on Owner's Damages=334

United Transp. Co. v. Berwind-White Coal-Mining Co.(The Kerry Range) (2d Cir.1926)=334

Transfield Shipping Inc. v. Mercator Shipping Inc.(H.L.2008)=334

Note on Charterer's Damages=337

Robins Dry Dock & Repair Co. v. Flint(U.S.1927)=338

Venore Transp. Co. v. The Struma(4th Cir.1978)=340

Note on Robins Dry Dock=341

Chapter VI. CARGO

SECTION A. SHIPPING CARGO UNDER BILLS OF LADING

1. Cargo, Shippers and Carriers

Note on the Carriage of Goods by Water=344

2. Ocean Bills of Lading

Authority on Liner Bill of Lading

Liner Bill of Lading=346

Note on Bills of Lading=347

Note on Regulating Ocean Bills of Lading=348

Knott v. Botany Mills(U.S.1900)=348

Liverpool & G. W. S. S. Co. v. Phenix Ins. Co.(U.S.1889)=349

3. Charter Parties and Bills of Lading

Authorities Excluding Coverage of Charter Parties=354

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1305.[Charter Parties]=354

Hamburg Rules(1978)

Art. 2(3)[No application to Charter Parties]=354

Authorities on Issuing Charter Party Bills of Lading

New York Produce Exchange Time Charter Party Form(NYPE 93)

30. Bills of Lading=354

Uniform General Charter(GENCON 1994)

10. Bills of Lading=354

Continental Ins. Co. v. Polish S.S. Co.(2d Cir.2003)=355

Note on Charter Party Bills of Lading=356

Continental Grain Co. v. Puerto Rico Maritime Shipping Auth.(1st Cir.1992)=356

SECTION B. COMMERCIAL USES OF BILLS OF LADING

Authority on Nature of Bills of Lading

49 U.S.C. A. §80101. Definitions=357

49 U.S.C. A. §80102. Application=358

49 U.S.C. A. §80103. Negotiable and Nonnegotiable Bills=358

49 U.S.C. A. §80105. Title and Rights Affected by Negotiation=358

49 U.S.C. A. §80110. Duty to Deliver Goods=359

Note on Commercial Uses of Bills of Lading=359

SECTION C. CARRIER LIABILITY FOR CARGO CASUALTY

1. Cargo Casualty Without Carrier Liability

Authorities on Cargo Casualty Without Carrier Liability

Decisional Law(1858). Liability and Exceptions=364

Harter Act(1893)

46 U.S.C. A. §30706. Defenses=364

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

COGSA §1304. Rights and Immunities of Carrier and Ship=365

Hamburg Rules(1978)

Art. 5. Basis of Liability=365

Note on Cargo Casualty Without Carrier Liability=366

2. Unseaworthiness of the Vessel

Authorities on Seaworthiness of the Vessel

Decisional Law(1858). Seaworthiness=366

Harter Act(1893) as recodified 2006

46 U.S.C. A. §30705. Seaworthiness=366

46 U.S.C. A. §30706. Defenses=366

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1303. Responsibilities and Liabilities of Carrier and Ship=366

46 U.S.C. A. §1304. Rights and Immunities of Carrier and Ship=367

Hamburg Rules(1978)

Art. 5. Basis of Liability=367

Martin, Fuller & Co. v. The Southwark(U.S.1903)=367

Thyssen, Inc. v. The Eurounity(2d Cir.1994)=371

Note on When Unseaworthiness Occurred=374

The Silvia(U.S.1898)=374

International Nav. Co. v. Farr & Bailey Mfg. Co.(U.S.1901)=375

The Folmina(U.S.1909)=376

Riverstone Meat Co. v. Lancashire Shipping Co.(The Muncaster Castle) (H.L.1960)=378

3. Negligent Care and Custody of Cargo

Authorities on Care and Custody of Cargo

Decisional Law(1858). Load, Stow, Care, Custody, Delivery=380

Harter Act(1893)

46 U.S.C. A. §30704. Loading, Stowage, Custody, Care, and Delivery=380

46 U.S.C. A. §30706. Defenses, (a) Due Diligence=381

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1303. Responsibilities and Liabilities[Load and Stow]=381

Hamburg Rules

Art. 5. Basis of Liability=381

Knott v. Botany Mills(U.S.1900)=381

Schnell v. The Vallescura(U.S.1934)=383

4. Errors in Navigation or Management of the Vessel

Authorities on Navigation or Management

Decisional Law(1858). Negligence of Carrier=386

Harter Act(1893)

46 U.S.C. A. §30706. Defenses=386

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1304.[Navigation or Management]=386

Hamburg Rules(1978)

Art. 5. Basis of Liability=387

Mississippi Shipping Co. v. Zander & Co.(The Del Sud) (5th Cir.1959)=387

Note on Cargo Losses from Errors in Navigation or Management=391

5. Fire

Authorities on Fire Losses

Decisional Law=392

Fire Statute(1851)

46 U.S.C. A. §30504. Loss by Fire=392

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1304.[Fire]=393

46 U.S.C. A. §1308.[Other Provisions Preserved]=393

Hamburg Rules art. 5=393

Earle & Stoddart, Inc. v. Ellerman's Wilson Line, Ltd.(The Galileo) (U.S.1932)=393

In re Ta Chi Nav.(Panama) Corp.(The Eurypylus) (2d Cir.1982)=395

6. Dangerous Goods

Authority on Shipper's Responsibility

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1304(3). Freedom from Negligence=398

Authority on Dangerous Goods

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1304(6) Inflammable, Explosive, or Dangerous Cargo=398

In re The Harmony(2d Cir.2008)=398

7. Deviation

Authorities on Deviation

Decisional Law(1858)=403

Harter Act(1893)

46 U.S.C. A. §30706. Defenses=403

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1304(2).[Deviation]=403

Hamburg Rules(1978)

Art. 5(6).[Lifesaving Deviation]=404

Kroll v. Silver Line, Ltd.(The Manx Fisher) (N.D. Cal.1953)=404

B. M. A. Inds., Ltd. v. Nigerian Star Line, Ltd.(2d Cir.1986)=405

SECTION D. DISPUTES IN CARGO CASES

1. Claims

Note on Claims=407

Note on Carriers' Insurance for Cargo Claims=408

American Institute Cargo Clauses 2004―All Risks

5.Carrier Clause. B=408

U.K. Mut. S. S. Assur. Ass'n(Bermuda) Ltd. Rules 2010. Rule 2.

§17―Cargo Liabilities=409

2. Notice of Claim

Authorities on Notice of Claim

Decisional Law=409

Harter Act(1893)=410

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1303(6)[Notice of Loss or Damage]=410

Hamburg Rules

Art. 19. Notice of Loss, Damage or Delay=410

Art. 20. Limitation of Actions=411

Bally, Inc. v. The Zim America(2d Cir.1994)=411

Fortis Corporate Ins., S. A. v. Viken Ship Management A. S.(N.D.Ohio 2007)=415

3. Limit on Damages

Authorities on Limiting Carrier Liability

Decisional Law and Harter Act=416

Hague Rules(1924)―COGSA(1936)

46 U.S.C. A. §1304(5). Amount of Liability ; Valuation of Cargo=416

Visby Amendments to Hague Rules(1968)

Amendments to Art. 4=416

SDR Amendments to Hague Rules(1979)=417

Hamburg Rules(1978)

Art. 6. Limits of Liability=418

Art. 26. Unit of Account=418

Note on Cargo Damages=418

Monica Textile Corp. v. The Tana(2d Cir.1991)=419

Ferrostaal, Inc. v. The Sea Phoenix(3d Cir.2006)=423

4. Choice of Forum and Law

Vimar Seguros y Reaseguros, S. A. v. The Sky Reefer(U.S.1995)=427

Note on Choice of Forum=434

Ferrostaal, Inc. v. The Sea Phoenix(3d Cir.2006)=434

SECTION E. MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT

Norfolk Southern Ry. v. James N. Kirby, Pty Ltd.(U.S.2004)=438

Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd. v. Regal―Beloit Corp.(U.S.2010)=446

Royal Ins. Co. v. Orient Overseas Container Line Ltd.(6th Cir.2006)=450

Note on Multimodal Transport=452

Chapter VII. SERVICES AND PRODUCTS

Introduction : Themes Presented in Chapter VII=455

§A. PILOTAGE

Cooley v. Board of Wardens of the Port of Philadelphia(U.S.1851)=457

The Oregon(U.S.1895)=459

The Role of the Pilot(Amer. Pilots Ass'n 1997)=459

Note on Federal and State Licensing of Pilots=460

Homer Ramsdell Transp. Co. v. Compagnie Gen. Transatlantique(U.S.1901)=461

Guy v. Donald(U.S.1906)=463

United States v. Nielson(U.S.1955)=464

Wardell v. National Transp. Safety Board(9th Cir.1989)=466

§B. TOWAGE

Note on Tugs and Towing=468

Sacramento Nav. Co. v. Salz(U.S.1927)=469

Stevens v. The White City(U.S.1932)=471

Note on Towage Service=474

Note on Towage Contracts=475

Bisso v. Inland Waterways Corp.(U.S.1955)=476

Note on Post-Bisso Cases=478

Boston Metals Co. v. The Winding Gulf(U.S.1955)=478

Southwestern Sugar & Molasses Co. v. River Terminals Corp.(U.S.1959)=479

Dixilyn Drilling Corp. v. Crescent Towing & Salvage Co.(U.S.1963)=481

The Bremen v. Zapata Off-Shore Co.(U.S.1972)=481

Twenty Grand Offshore, Inc. v. West India Carriers, Inc.(5th Cir.1974)=484

Note on Liability Theories in Towage=485

Ryan Stevedoring Co. v. Pan-Atlantic S.S. Corp.(U.S.1956)=486

James McWilliams Blue Line, inc. v. Esso Standard Oil Co.(2d Cir.1957)=487

§C. OFFSHORE SERVICES

Definition of "Offshore Supply Vessel" as It Applies to Vessels Supporting Alternative Energy Platforms on the OCS(USCG 2011)=487

Grand Isle Shipyard, Inc. v. Seacor Marine, LLC(5th Cir.2009)=488

Tullier v. Halliburton Geophysical Services, Inc.(5th Cir.1996)=493

§D. SURVEYS AND REPAIRS

Note on Surveys and Repairs=496

Otto Candies, L. L. C. v. Nippon Kaiji Kyokai Corp.(5th Cir.2003)=496

Marc Rich & Co. v. Bishop Rock Marine Co.(The Nicholas H) (H.L.1995)=498

Alcoa S. S. Co. v. Charles Ferran & Co.(5th Cir.1967)=499

One Beacon Ins. Co. v. Crowley Marine Services(5th Cir.2011)=500

§E. PRODUCTS

East River S. S. Corp. v. Transamerica Delaval, Inc.(U.S.1986)=502

Saratoga Fishing Co. v. J. M. Martinac & Co.(U.S.1997)=506

Sprietsma v. Mercury Marine, A Division of Brunswick Corp.(U.S.2002)=508

Chapter VIII. PERSONS

SECTION A. SEAMEN

1. Maintenance and Cure

Harden v. Gordon(C.C.D. Me.1823)=510

Note on Maintenance, Cure and Unearned Wages=512

Warren v. United States(U.S.1951)=512

Vaughan v. Atkinson(U.S.1962)=513

Atlantic Sounding Co. v. Townsend(U.S.2009)=514

Baldassaro v. United States(5th Cir.1995)=515

Farrell v. United States(U.S.1949)=516

Cox v. Dravo Corp.(3d Cir.1975)=517

Brown v. Parker Drilling Offshore Corp.(5th Cir.2005)=517

2. Jones Act Negligence

Chelentis v. Luckenbach S. S. Co.(U.S.1918)=518

Note on the Jones Act=520

46 U.S.C. A. §688(a). Recovery for Injury to or Death of Seaman=520

46 U.S.C. A. §30104. Personal Injury to or Death of Seamen=520

46 U.S.C. A. §30106. Time Limit on Bringing Maritime Action for Personal Injury or Death=520

Authority on Railroad Employers' Negligence

Federal Employers' Liability Act(FELA), 45 U.S.C. A. §§51-59=521

Panama R. R. Co. v. Johnson(U.S.1924)=523

Note on Recoverable Harms=525

Note on Employer Negligence=526

Kernan v. American Dredging Co.(U.S.1958)=526

Note on Causation in Jones Act Actions=527

Ferguson v. Moore-McCormack Lines, Inc.(U.S.1957)=527

Gautreaux v. Scurlock Marine, Inc.(5th Cir.1997)=527

CSX Transp., Inc. v. McBride(U.S.2011)=528

3. Unseaworthiness

Mitchell v. Trawler Racer, Inc.(U.S.1960)=529

Note on the Elaboration of Unseaworthiness=533

Boudoin v. Lykes Bros. S. S. Co.(U.S.1955)=533

McAllister v. Magnolia Petroleum Co.(U.S.1958)=533

4. Wages and Job Rights

The Madonna D'ldra(Adm.1811)=534

Flores v. Carnival Cruise Lines(11th Cir.1995)=534

Aguilera v. The Alaska Juris(9th Cir.2008)=537

Harrington v. Atlantic Sounding Co.(2d Cir.2010)=537

46 U.S.C. A. §2114. Protection of Seamen against Discrimination=539

5. Foreign Seamen in U.S.Courts

Gonzalez v. Naviera Neptuno S. A.(5th Cir.1987)=540

Note on Foreign Seamen in U.S.Courts=545

46 U.S.C. A. §30105. Restriction on Recovery by Non-citizens and Non-resident Aliens for Incidents in Waters of Other Countries=546

Balen v. Holland America Line(9th Cir.2009)=547

SECTION B. WATERFRONT WORKERS

1. Negligence

Note on the Negligence of Ships and Shipowners=549

The Anaces(4th Cir.1899)=549

Pope & Talbot, Inc. v. Hawn(U.S.1953)=550

Howlett v. Birkdale Shipping Co.(U.S.1994)=551

2. Workers' Compensation

Note on the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act=553

Authority on Waterfront Workers' Compensation

Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, extracts 33 U.S.CA. §§902-909=555

Note on Claims under the LHWCA=558

P. C. Pfeiffer Co. v. Ford(U.S.1979)=558

Director, O. W. C. P. v. Perini North River Assocs.(U.S.1983)=560

Sidwell v. Express Container Services, Inc.(4th Cir.1995)=562

Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. v. Pfeifer(U.S.1983)=564

3. Unseaworthiness

Seas Shipping Co. v. Sieracki(U.S.1946)=565

Note on the Rise and Fall of Unseaworthiness=567

Pope & Talbot, Inc. v. Hawn(U.S.1954)=567

4. Waterfront Worker or Seaman?

McDermott Int'l, Inc. v. Wilander(U.S.1991)=567

Southwest Marine, Inc. v. Gizoni(U.S.1991)=569

Chandris, Inc. v. Latsis(U.S.1995)=571

Harbor Tug & Barge Co. v. Papai(U.S.1997)=572

Stewart v. Dutra(U.S.2005)=573

1 U.S.C. A. §3. "Vessel" as Including All Means of Water Transportation=574

5. Offshore Workers

Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act(OCSLA)

43 U.S.C. A. §1331. Definitions=576

43 U.S.C. A. §1333. Laws and Regulations Governing Lands=576

Alleman v. Omni Energy Services Corp., 580 F.3d 280, 2009 AMC 1817(5th Cir.2009)=577

Valladolid v. Pacific Operations Offshore(9th Cir.2010)=578

SECTION C. PASSENGERS

De La Rosa v. St. Charles Gaming Co.(5th Cir.2006)=580

Archawski v. Hanioti(U.S.1956)=581

Kornberg v. Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc.(11th Cir.1984)=582

Spector v. Norwegian Cruise Line Ltd.(U.S.2005)=585

Carnival Cruise Lines, Inc. v. Shute(U.S.1991)=587

SECTION D. MARITIME TORT PRACTICE

1. Death and Survival Actions

Note on Wrongful Death and Survival=590

The Harrisburg(U.S.1886)=590

The Hamilton(U.S.1907)=591

a. Wrongful Death

Authority on Wrongful Death on the High Seas

Death on the High Seas Act(DOHSA)

46 U.S.C. A. App. §§761-767=592

46 U.S.C. A. §§30301-30308(2006)=593

Moragne v. States Marine Lines, Inc.(U.S.1970)=594

Note on the Aftermath of Moragne=596

Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock Corp. v. Garris(U.S.2001)=597

Offshore Logistics, Inc. v. Tallentire(U.S.1986)=597

Miles v. Apex Marine Corp.(U.S.l 990)=600

Yamaha Motor Corp., U.S.A. v. Calhoun(U.S.1996)=604

Note on Developments in the Calhoun Case=606

b. Survival of Maritime Actions

Dooley v. Korean Air Lines Co.(U.S.1998)=606

2. Timely Suit

Note on Timely Suit=609

Doyle v. Huntress, Inc.(1st Cir.2008)=609

46 U.S.C. A. §763a. Limitations=609

46 U.S.C. A. §30106. Time Limit on Bringing Maritime Action for Personal Injury or Death=610

3. Multiple Parties

Note on Multi-Party Cases=610

a. Contribution

Halcyon Lines v. Haenn Ship Ceiling & Refitting Corp.(U.S.1952)=610

Cooper Stevedoring Co. v. Fritz Kopke, Inc.(U.S.1974)=611

b. Indemnification

Ryan Stevedoring Co. v. Pan-Atlantic S. S. Corp.(U.S.1956)=612

Note on the Aftermath of Ryan=615

Edmonds v. Compagnie Generale Transatlantique(U.S.1979)=617

c. Partial Settlement of Multi-Party Cases

Murphy v. Florida Keys Electric Coop. Ass'n(11th Cir.2003)=619

Ondimar Transportes Maritimos, Ltda v. Beatty Street Properties, Inc.(5th Cir.2009)=622

Chapter IX. CASUALTIES

Introductory Note=624

SECTION A. LIABILITY

1. Negligence

The Clara(U.S.1880)=624

Note on Basing Liability upon Fault=626

The Jumna(2d Cir.1906)=626

Note on Failing to Establish Negligence=627

The Bywell Castle(C.A.1879)=628

2. Direct Evidence of Fault

The Luso(Adm. 1933)=629

Note on Mariners' Eyewitness Testimony=630

3. Circumstantial Evidence of Fault

Note on Presumptions in Collision Cases=631

Rodi Yachts, Inc. v. National Marine, Inc.(7th Cir.1993)=631

4.Statutory Fault

Note on the Creation of Rules of Safe Navigation=633

The Pennsylvania(U.S.1874)=634

Note on the Pennsylvania Rule=638

5. Causation in Law

Exxon Co., U.S.A. v. Sofec, Inc.(U.S.1996)=638

SECTION B. COMPENSABLE HARMS AND DAMAGE AMOUNTS

1. Vessels

Standard Oil Co. v. Southern Pacific Co.(The Proteus―The Cushing) (U.S.1925)=641

In re Gulfgate Transp. Co.(5th Cir.1994)=644

2. Cargo

United States v. Atlantic Mutual Ins. Co.(The Esso Belgium―The Nathaniel Bacon) (U.S.1952)=647

Allied Chemical Corp. v. Hess Tankship Co.(5th Cir.1981)=651

3. The Environment

Note on Casualty Damage to the Environment=652

State of Louisiana ex rel. Guste v. The Testbank(5th Cir.1985)=652

Note on Non-Economic Damages=657

SECTION C. DAMAGE JUDGMENTS

Note on Contributory Fault and Judgments=658

United States v. Reliable Transfer Co.(U.S.1975)=660

Note on the Effect of Reliable Transfer on the U.S.Law of Collision=666

Prudential Lines, Inc. v. McAllister Bros., Inc.(2d Cir.1986)=667

In re Seiriki Kisen Kaisha(S.D.N.Y.1986)=667

Note on Insurance for Collision Liability=668

SECTION D. CHOICE OF LAW

The Belgenland(U.S.1885)=669

The Mandu(2d Cir.1939)=671

In re Seiriki Kisen Kaisha(S.D.N.Y.1985)=673

Ishizaki Kisen Co. v. United States(9th Cir.1975)=675

SECTION E. INTERNATIONAL WATERS : COLREGS

1. Lights and Shapes

Authority on Lights and Shapes

COLREGS Rules 20-23=677

Note on Lights and Shapes=678

Cliffs-Neddrill Turnkey Int'l-Oranjestad v. The Rich Duke(3d Cir.1991)=679

2. Sound and Light Signals

Authority on Sound and Light Signals

COLREGS Rules 32-37=682

Note on Sound and Light Signals=685

3. Steering and Sailing Rules

Authority on Steering and Sailing

COLREGS Rules 4-19=686

Note on Navigational Conduct=690

In re Seiriki Kisen Kaisha(S.D.N.Y.1986)=693

4. Look-out and Radar

Authority on the Look-out and Radar

COLREGS Rules 5-8, 19=697

In re Hellenic Lines, Ltd.(The Hellenic Carrier―The Lash Atlantico) (4th Cir.1984)=699

In re Hellenic Lines, Ltd.(4th Cir.1987)=704

Note on Electronic Aids and Lawmaking=704

5. Good Seamanship and Special Circumstances

Authority on Good Seamanship and Special Circumstances

COLREG Rule 2=707

Note on Good Seamanship and Special Circumstances=707

SECTION F. INLAND WATERS AND RULES

Note on the Inland Rules=708

Authority on Signals on Inland Waters

Inland Rule 34=709

Authority on Navigation in Rivers

Inland Rules 9, 14=710

Canal Barge Co., Inc. v. China Ocean Shipping Co.(5th Cir.1985)=711

Marine Transport Lines, Inc. v. The Tako Invader(5th Cir.1994)=714

Chapter X. SALVAGE

SECTION A. PURE SALVAGE

1. The Salvage Service

The Sabine(U.S.1879)=718

Authority on the Salvage Service

International Convention on Salvage, 1989, Art. 1, 12=719

Phelan v. Minges(D. Mass. 1959)=719

Merritt & Chapman Derrick & Wrecking Co. v. United States(U.S.1927)=721

Historic Aircraft Recovery Group v. Wrecked and Abandoned Voight F4U-1 Corsair Aircraft(D. Me. 2003)=723

Note on Salvable Property=725

Solana v. The GSF Development Driller I(5th Cir.2009)=726

Note on Eligible Salvors=730

The Odenwald(D.P.R.1947)=731

Note on The Odenwald=734

2. The Salvage Reward

The Blackwall(U.S.1870)=734

Authority on the Salvage Reward

International Convention on Salvage, 1989, Art. 13=735

Margate Shipping Co. v. The J. A. Orgeron(The Cherry Valley) (5th Cir.1998)=736

Note on Salvage Rewards=742

Bartholomew v. Crowley Marine Services Inc.(9th Cir.2003)=743

3. Salvage Laws and Documents

Note on Salvage Conventions, Statutes and Forms=744

Authority on Salvage Agreements

Lloyd's Standard Form of Salvage Agreement(LOF 2011)=746

Note on Lloyd's Open Form(LOF)=748

4. Pollution Prevention

Semco Salvage & Marine Pte. Ltd. v. Lancer Nav. Co.(The Nagasaki Spirit) (H.L.1997)=748

Authority on Profits for Environmental Salvors=751

SCOPIC 2011=752

Note on the Future of Pollution Prevention=755

SECTION B. SALVAGE-LIKE SERVICES

1. Contract Salvage

The Elfrida(U.S.1898)=755

Flagship Marine Services, Inc. v. Belcher Towing Co.(11th Cir.1992)=758

Note on Contract and Quasi-Contract Salvage Services=762

2. Life Salvage

Peninsular & Oriental Steam Nav. Co. v. Overseas Oil Carriers, Inc.(2d Cir.1977)=762

Note on Life Salvage=767

3. Salvage or Find

Hener v. United States(S.D.N.Y.1981)=768

SECTION C. HISTORIC SHIPWRECKS

1. Deep-Sea Shipwrecks

Columbus-America Discovery Group v. Atlantic Mutual Ins. Co.(The Central America I) (4th Cir.1992)=771

Columbus-America Discovery Group v. Atlantic Mutual Ins. Co.(The Central America II) (4th Cir.1995)=775

Authority on International Historic Wrecks

R. M. S. Titanic Maritime Memorial Act of 1986=779

R. M. S. Titanic, Inc. v. Haver(The Titanic I) (4th Cir.1999)=780

R. M. S. Titanic, Inc. v. Wrecked and Abandoned Vessel(The Titanic II) (4th Cir.2002)=787

Note on the Aftermath of Titanic Salvage=789

2. Shipwrecks in U.S.Waters

Authority on U.S.Shipwrecks

Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987, 43 U.S.CA. §§2101-2106=789

California v. Deep Sea Research, Inc.(The Brother Jonathan) (U.S.1998)=792

Chapter XI. GENERAL AVERAGE

SECTION A. FUNDAMENTALS

1. Claims and Remedies

Note on General Average=796

Barnard v. Adams(U.S.1850)=797

Illustration of General Average=797

The Star of Hope(U.S.1869)=797

Authorities on General Average

Rolls of Oléron(about 1200 A. D.)=799

British Marine Insurance Act, 1906.

§66(2)[General Average Act]=800

York-Antwerp Rules 2004

Rule A.[General Average Act ; Contribution]=800

Rule C.[Causation ; Exclusions]=800

Rule VI. Salvage Remuneration=801

Note on the York-Antwerp Rules=801

2. Voluntary Sacrifice

Ralli v. Troop(U.S.1895)=803

Authority on Fire Damage

York-Antwerp Rules. Rule III. Extinguishing Fire on Shipboard=806

Ravenscroft v. United States(The West Imboden) (E.D.N.Y.1936)=806

Barnard v. Adams(U.S.1850)=808

Authority on Intentional Stranding

York-Antwerp Rules. Rule V. Voluntary Stranding=811

3. Imminent Peril

Navigazione Generale Italiana v. Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc.(The Mincio) (2d Cir.1937)=812

Authority on Damage to Machinery and Boilers

York-Antwerp Rules 2004. Rule VII. Damage to Machinery and Boilers=815

4. Unreasonable Conduct

Corfu Nav. Co. v. Mobil Shipping Co.(The Alpha) (Q.B.D.1991)=815

Authority on Unreasonable Conduct

York-Antwerp Rules 2004. Rule of Interpretation, Rule Paramount, Rule A.[General Average Act Defined]=816

SECTION B. MODERN APPLICATIONS

1. The Jason Clause

The Jason(U.S.1912)=816

Authorities on Fault and General Average

York-Antwerp Rules 2004, Rule D=819

Note on the Jason Clause=819

2. Expenses of Survey

Master Shipping Agency, Inc. v. The Farida(2d Cir.1978)=820

Judge Van Graafeiland's Reservation=822

3. Safe Prosecution of the Voyage

Eagle Terminal Tankers, Inc. v. Insurance Co. of U.S.S. R.(2d Cir.1981)=823

Authority on Expenses at Port of Refuge

York-Antwerp Rules 1950

X. Expenses at Port of Refuge, Etc.=827

XI. Wages and Maintenance of Crew in a Port of Refuge=827

York-Antwerp Rules 1974

X. Expenses at Port of Refuge, Etc=827

XI. Wages and Maintenance of Crew in a Port of Refuge=827

Chapter XII. LIMITATION OF SHIPOWNER LIABILITY

SECTION A. FUNDAMENTALS OF LIMITATION

1. Overview of Limitation of Liability

Note on the Limitation of Shipowner Liability=829

Authority on Limitation of Shipowner Liability

Limitation of Shipowner Liability Act, 1851

46 U.S.C. A. §§181-189=832

Limitation of Shipowner Liability Act, 2006

46 U.S.C. A. §§30501-30509=835

Fed. R. Civ. P. Supp. R. F=837

David Wright Charter Serv. v. Wright(4th Cir.1991)=840

Note on Limitation Practice=841

2. Shipowners and Claims

Note on Qualified Shipowners and Claims=844

3. Privity or Knowledge

Spencer Kellogg & Sons, Inc. v. Hicks(The Linseed King) (U.S.1932)=846

Note on "Privity or Knowledge"=848

4. The Limitation Fund

Place v. Norwich & N.Y. Transp. Co.(The City of Norwich II) (U.S.1886)=852

Thommessen v. Whitwill(The Great Western) (U.S.1886)=857

Note on Multiple Casualties=858

Note on What Constitutes a Vessel=858

Note on the Amount of the Limitation Fund=859

The Main v. Williams(U.S.1894)=860

Note on Creation of the Limitation Fund=861

SECTION B. CONFLICTS OF COURTS

1. Limitation Practice in Federal Courts

Note on Actions for Limitation of Liability=862

The North Star(U.S.1882)=865

2. Limitation and Actions in State Courts

Newton v. Shipman(The Pacific Lady) (9th Cir.1983)=867

Note on State Court Trial of Issues in Limitation Actions=869

Mapco Petroleum, Inc. v. Memphis Barge Line, Inc.(The Sebring) (Tenn.1993)=870

Lewis v. Lewis & Clark Marine, Inc.(U.S.2001)=874

3. Limitation of Liability and Foreign Law

Oceanic Steam Nav. Co. v. Mellor(The Titanic) (U.S.1914)=878

Note on U.S.Limitation Actions with Foreign Contacts=880

Note on International Limitation of Liability Conventions=882

Chapter XIII. EMERGING TOPICS

Note on Chapter 13=884

SECTION A. PIRACY

Note on the Problems of Piracy=884

United Nations Convention on the High Seas 1958, Arts. 14-21=885

Cosco Bulk Carrier Co. Ltd. v. Team-up Owning Co. Ltd.(The Saldanha) (Q.B.Div.2010)=886

Piracy Clause for Time Charterparties(BIMCO 2009)=889

18 U.S.C.A. §1651. Piracy under Law of Nations=891

United States v. Hasan(E.D.Va.2010)=891

Five Somalis Sentenced…(DOJ Press Release 2011)=892

Two Somali Pirates Sentenced…(DOJ Press Release 2011)=892

SECTION B. THE DEEPWATER HORIZON CASUALTY

The Gulf of Mexico/Macondo Well Incident(Halliburton Co. Quarterly Report 2011)=893

Civil Lawsuit…for Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill(DOJ Press Release 2010)=896

In re Oil Spill by "Deepwater Horizon" : Direct Filing Short Form=898

SECTION C. THE ROTTERDAM RULES AND CARGO CLAIMS

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea(The Rotterdam Rules) (UNCITRAL 2008)=901

Resolution of the Committee on the Carriage of Goods of the Maritime Law Association of the United States Regarding the Nature of the Rotterdam Rules as a Self-Executing Treaty(2009)=901

Note on the Rotterdam Rules=902

Extracts and Comments on Rotterdam Rules Solutions to Contemporary Problems

1. Multimodal Transport―"Maritime-Plus"

Rotterdam Rules Arts. 26, 82=903

Questions and Answers(CMI Int'l Working Group 2009)=904

2. Freedom of Contract―"Volume" Contracts

Rotterdam Rules Arts. 80=905

Questions and Answers(CMI Int'l Working Group 2009)=906

3. Electronic Communications

Rotterdam Rules Arts. 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 38=908

Note on Electronic Communications and Electronic Transport Records=910

APPENDIX

Admiralty on the Web=913

Glossary of Terms Used in U.S.Maritime Litigation=915

INDEX=923