영문목차

Preface=xxxiii

Acknowledgments=xxxvii

PART I. BIOETHICS : BASIC CONCEPTS

1. Law, Medicine, and Philosophy=3

A. HISTORY OF BIOETHICS AND "BIOLAW"=5

Why Law Pervades Medicine : An Essay on Ethics in Health Care / Charity Scott=7

Notes and Questions=12

B. PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES INFORMING BIOETHICS=14

1. Philosophical Ethical Theory=15

2. Utilitarianism=15

3. Kantianism=17

4. Liberal Individualism=18

5. Communitarianism=19

6. Ethics of Care=19

7. Bioethics Principles=20

8. "Critical" Perspectives=21

Feminist Approaches to Bioethics / Rosemarie Tong=22

Notes and Questions=26

C. RELIGION AND BIOETHICS=26

Report and Recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, Cloning Human Beings=27

Notes and Questions=29

Challenging Issues : Applying Ethical Theory=31

D. ETHICS OF THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND THE "BIOETHICS OF BIOETHICS"=32

1. Formalized Medical Ethics=32

Hippocratic Oath=32

Notes and Questions=33

American Medical Association, Principles of Medical Ethics=34

The Influence of a Professional Organization on Physician Behavior / David Orentlicher=34

Notes and Questions=38

2. The Ethics of Bioethicists=39

Notes=40

E. THE HUMAN BODY, HEALTH, AND DISEASE=40

Experiencing the New Genetics : Family and Kinship on the Medical Frontier / Kaja Finkler=42

Notes and Questions=43

2. Autonomy and Bodily Integrity=45

A. INFORMED CONSENT=46

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=46

Rethinking Informed Consent / Peter H. Schuck=46

Aligning Ethics with Medical Decision Making : The Quest for Informed Patient Choice / Benjamin Moulton ; Jaimie S. King=48

Notes and Questions=49

2. Legal Approaches=51

Miller-McGee v. Washington Hosp. Center=52

Culbertson v. Mernitz=54

Notes and Questions=57

Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute=62

Notes and Questions=66

Challenging Issues : Informed Consent and Autonomy=69

B. THE ABSENCE OF INFORMED CONSENT : COERCED TREATMENT AND TREATMENT OF PEOPLE UNABLE TO CONSENT=70

1. Patients Incapable of Giving Consent=72

The Permanently Unconscious Patient, Non-Feeding and Euthanasia / Norman L. Cantor=72

Notes and Questions=74

Challenging Issues : Informed Consent for Dental Care=75

2. Patients Who May or May Not Be Capable of Medical Decision Making=75

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=75

Living Wills and Alzheimer's Disease / Stephan R. Latham=75

When Coercion Lacks Care : Competency to Make Medical Treatment Decisions and Parens Patriae Civil Commitments / Dora W. Klein=76

Note and Questions=77

b. Legal Approaches=78

Sell v. United States=78

Notes and Questions=81

Challenging Issues : National Tracking System=83

3. Competent Patients Whose Health Care Choices Are Questioned=84

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=84

Health Professionals, Disability, and Assisted Suicide : An Examination of Relevant Empirical Evidence and Reply to Batavia / Carol J. Gill=84

Note=86

b. Legal Approaches=87

Bouvia v. Superior Court=87

Notes and Questions=87

Challenging Issues : Medical Decision Making=90

C. PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY=91

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=91

In Sickness, Health, and Cyberspace : Protecting the Security of Electronic Private Health Information / Sharona Hoffman ; Andy Podgurski=91

Patients over Politics : Addressing Legislative Failure in the Regulation of Medical Products / Efthimios Parasidis=93

Privacy and Security in the Implementation of Health Information Technology(Electronic Health Records) : U.S. And EU Compared / Janine Hiller et al.=94

Notes=95

Challenging Issues : Patient Privacy and Health Care Proxies=96

2. Legal Approaches=97

Horne v. Patton=97

United States v. Zhou=99

Notes and Questions=101

Challenging Issues : Confidentiality and Potential Tissue/Organ Donors=108

D. ANATOMICAL GIFTS=109

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=109

Religion, Philosophy, and the Commodification of Human Body Parts / William E. Stempsey=109

Medical Self-Defense, Prohibited Experimental Therapies, and Payment for Organs / Eugene Volokh=111

Notes and Questions=112

Challenging Issues : Altruistic Donations=112

2. Legal Approaches=113

Wilson v. Adkins=113

Flynn v. Holder=115

Notes and Questions=118

3. Personhood=121

A. FETUSES AND EMBRYOS=123

1. Theories of Personhood=123

On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion / Mary Ann Warren=123

Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Respect for Human Life : Philosophical and Legal Reflections / James J. McCartney=125

Evangelium Vitae(The Gospel of Life), Encyclical Letter of John Paul II=127

Notes and Questions=129

2. Fetuses=131

Roe v. Wade=131

Vernon's Annotated Missouri Statutes=133

Notes and Questions=134

Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003=138

Gonzales v. Carhart(Carhart II)=138

Notes and Questions=139

Challenging Issues : Guardian for a Fetus?=140

3. Embryos=140

a. Custody Disputes=140

Davis v. Davis=140

Notes and Questions=143

Challenging Issues : Embryo Adoption=144

La. Rev. Stat. Ann. 9 : 121-9 : 133=145

b. Therapeutic Cloning=147

President's Council on Bioethics, Human Cloning and Human Dignity : An Ethical Inquiry=148

Notes and Questions=151

c. Funding of Research on Human Embryos=153

Sherley v. Sebelius=153

Notes and Questions=155

B. CAPABILITIES AND INTERESTS OF LIVING BEINGS=156

1. Severely Disabled Individuals=156

In re A=156

Notes and Questions=157

Challenging Issues : Infants with Anencephaly and Persons in a Persistent Vegetative State=158

2. Nonhuman Animals=160

Dismantling the Barriers to Legal Rights for Nonhuman Animals / Steven Wise=160

Notes and Questions=162

3. Future Prospects : Radically "Enhanced" Humans, Human-Animal Chimera, and Robots=163

Mapping the Human Genome and the Meaning of Monster Mythology / George J. Annas=163

President's Commission for the Study of Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, Splicing Life : A Report on the Social and Ethical Issues of Engineering with Human Beings=165

Converging NBIC Technologies for Improving Human Performance : A Critical Assessment of the Novelty and the Prospects of the Project / Bert Gordijn=167

Notes and Questions=169

Challenging Issues : "Self-Aware" Robots=171

C. WRONGFUL LIFE, WRONGFUL BIRTH=171

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=171

Prenatal Diagnosis and the Selection of Children / Jeffrey R. Botkin=172

Wrongful Life, Wrongful Birth, Wrongful Death, and the Right to Refuse Treatment : Can Reasonable Jurisdictions Recognize All But One? / Mark Strasser=173

Note and Questions=174

2. Legal Approaches=175

Kassama v. Magat=175

Notes and Questions=178

Challenging Issues : Claims of Siblings=179

4. Privacy, Essentialism, and Enhancements=181

A. GENETICS AND GENOMICS=182

1. Uses and Misues of Genetic and Genomic Tests=185

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=185

Enabling Responsible Public Genomics / John M. Conley ; Adam K. Doerr ; Daniel B. Vorhaus=185

Note and Question=186

DNA Theft : Recognizing the Crime of Nonconsensual Genetic Testing / Elizabeth Joh=187

Notes and Questions=188

Statement of Gregory Kutz(Managing Director, Forensic Audits and Special Investigations), Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Tests : Misleading Test Results Are Further Complicated by Deceptive Marketing and Other Questionable Practices=188

Notes and Questions=191

b. Legal Approaches=191

Notes and Questions=193

2. Genetics, Genomics, and Public Health=197

The Plight of Poor African-Americans : Public Policy on Sickle Hemoglobin and AIDS / James E. Bowman=197

Aren't We All Eugenicists? : Commentary on Paul Lombardo's "Taking Eugenics Seriously" / Mary B. Mahowald=198

Notes and Questions=201

Challenging Issues : Setting Public Policy for Prenatal Testing=203

3. Special Issues Involving Preimplantation and Prenatal Genetic Testing and Genetic Testing of Children=204

a. Preimplantation and Prenatal Genetic Testing=204

Report for President's Council on Bioethics, Reproduction and Responsibility : The Regulation of New Biotechnologies=205

Notes and Questions=207

b. Having a Baby to Cure a Sick Child=211

Using Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis to Create a Stem Cell Donor : Issues, Guidelines, and Limits / Susan M. Wolf ; Jeffrey P. Kahn ; John E. Wagner=212

Therapeutic Reproduction and Human Dignity / Richard F. Storrow=213

Notes and Questions=214

c. Special Issues Involving Genetic Testing of Children=215

Notes and Questions=17

Challenging Issues : Questions About Genetic Testing of Children=220

B. NEUROIMAGING=221

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=221

Through a Scanner Darkly : Functional Neuroimaging as Evidence of a Criminal Defendant's Past Mental States / Teneille Brown ; Emily Murphy=222

Notes and Questions=223

2. Legal Approaches=224

a. Decisions by U.S. Courts=224

U.S. v. Semrau=225

Wilson v. Medina=229

b. Decision by Indian Court=231

State of Maharashtra v. Sharma=232

Notes and Questions=233

C. ALTERING IDENTITY AND PERSONHOOD WITH PSYCHOPHARMACEUTICALS AND DEVICES THAT ENHANCE=235

1. Psychopharmaceuticals=235

Freedom of Thought for the Extended Mind : Cognitive Enhancement and the Constitution / Jonathan Blitz=236

Notes and Questions=236

Challenging Issues : Mandating Neuropharmaceuticals=238

2. Devices That "Enhance"=239

Case Study : Ethical and Legal Issues in Human Machine Mergers(or the Cyborgs Cometh) / Linda MacDonald Glenn=239

Notes and Questions=350

3. The Case For and Against Aging=241

The President's Council on Bioethics, Beyond Therapy : Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness=242

Notes and Questions=244

PART II. BIOETHICS AND THE INDIVIDUAL

5. Avoiding Reproduction : Sterilization, Contraception, and Abortion=249

A. NONCONSENSUAL AVOIDANCE OF REPRODUCTION=250

1. Coerced Sterilization=250

a. Buck v. Bell and Its Cultural Context=251

Taking Eugenics Seriously : Three Generations of ??? Are Enough? / Paul A. Lombardo=251

Notes and Questions=253

Buck v. Bell=254

Notes and Questions=255

b. After Buck v. Bell=256

Nonconsenual Sterilization of the Mentally Disabled in North Carolina : An Ethics Critique of the Statutory Standard and Its Judicial Interpretation / Joe Zumpano-Canto=256

Notes and Questions=257

Skinner v. Oklahoma=258

Notes and Questions=260

2. Coerced Contraception=262

Law and Equality : Constitutional Misconceptions(Reviewing John A. Robertson, Children of Choice) / Radhika Rao=267

Note, Norplant Bonuses and the Unconstitutional Conditions Doctrine / David S. Coale=268

Too High a Price for Some Drugs? The FDA Burdens Reproductive Choice / Lars Noah=269

Notes and Questions=270

Challenging Issues : Distinguishing Coercive from Noncoercive Sterilization or Use of Contraception=275

B. CONSENSUAL AVOIDANCE OF REPRODUCTION=276

1. Contraception=277

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=277

The Family in Transition : From Griswold to Eisenstadt and Beyond / Janet L. Dolgin=277

Notes and Questions=278

b. Legal Approaches=279

Griswold v. Connecticut=279

Eisenstadt v. Baird=280

Notes and Questions=282

2. Abortion=283

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=284

The Wages of Crying Wolf : A Comment on Roe v. Wade / John Hart Ely=284

Reasoning from the Body : A Historical Perspective on Abortion Regulation and Questions of Equal Protection / Reva Siegel=286

The Sound of Silence Breaking : Catholic Women, Abortion, and the Law / Teresa Godwin Phelps=287

Notes and Questions=288

b. Legal Approaches=290

Roe v. Wade=290

Notes and Questions=293

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey=296

Notes and Questions=302

Gonzales v. Carhart(Carhart II)=306

Notes and Questions=314

Challenging Issues : Undue Burden Test=315

Jackson Women's Health Org. v. Currier=316

Notes and Questions=318

6. Assisting and Monitoring Reproduction=321

The Constitution as Family Arbiter : A Moral in the Mess? / Janet L. Dolgin=322

A. ASSISTING REPRODUCTION=323

Notes and Questions=325

1. Assisted Insemination=328

2. Surrogacy, In Vitro Fertilization, and Gestational Surrogacy=329

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=329

Hatching the Egg : A Child-Centered Perspective on Parents' Rights / Barbara Bennett Woodhouse=329

Notes and Questions=332

b. Legal Approaches=333

In the Matter of Baby M=333

Johnson v. Calvert=338

A.G.R. v. D.R.H.=342

K.M. v. E.G.=343

Notes and Questions=346

Challenging Issues : Parentage and Surrogacy=351

3. Disputes About Embryos=352

Davis v. Davis=352

Notes and Questions=355

Challenging Issues : Cryopreservation Agreement=359

4. Posthumous Reproduction=360

Astrue v. Capato=362

Notes and Questions=366

Challenging Issues : Arranging for Posthumous Children=369

5. Reproductive Cloning=370

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=371

The President's Council on Bioethics, Human Cloning and Human Dignity : An Ethical Inquiry=371

Popular Cloning Versus Scientific Cloning in Ethical Debates / Lee M. Silver=373

Notes and Questions=374

b. Legal Approaches=375

California=375

Rhode Island=376

Notes and Questions=376

Challenging Issues : Regulation?=378

6. Children of ART and Their Best Interests=379

In the Matter of Baby M=380

Johnson v. Calvert=382

Notes and Questions=385

7. ART and Discrimination=391

The Genetic Tie / Dorothy Roberts=392

Notes and Questions=393

B. MONITORING PREGNANCY=395

1. Medical Intervention During Pregnancy=395

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=396

Symposium Remarks : Maternal-Fetal Conflicts, the Social Construction of Maternal Deviance, and Some Thoughts about Love and Justice / April Cherry=396

Notes and Questions=400

b. Legal Approaches=401

In Re Fetus Brown=401

Notes and Questions=404

2. Substance Abuse During Pregnancy=405

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=406

Symposium Remarks : Maternal-Fetal Conflicts, the Social Construction of Maternal Deviance, and Some Thoughts about Love and Justice / April Cherry=406

b. Legal Approaches=407

Ferguson v. City of Charleston=407

Notes and Questions=413

Challenging Issues : Testing Pregnant Women for Drug Use=416

7. Dying=417

The Role of the Physician in End-of-Life Care : What More Can We Do? / Dewitt C. Baldwin Jr. [M.D.]=418

Notes and Questions=419

A. WITHHOLDING OR TERMINATING LIFE-SUSTAINING TREATMENT=420

1. Patients Who Have Lost Decision-Making Capacity=420

a. The Constitutional and Common Law Right to Refuse Treatment=421

Cruzan v. Director, Missouri Department of Health=421

Notes and Questions=427

Schiavo ex rel. Schindler v. Schiavo=430

Notes and Questions=434

Challenging Issues : Special Requirements for Withdrawing Nutrition and Hydration=438

b. Advance Directives=439

Why I Don't Have a Living Will / Joanne Lynn=439

Precommitment : A Misguided Strategy for Securing Death with Dignity / Rebecca Dresser=442

Notes and Questions=444

Scheible v. Joseph L. Morse Geriatric Center, Inc.=446

Notes and Questions=448

Challenging Issues : Removing Artificial Nutrition and Hydration from a Minimally Conscious or Severely Disabled Person=450

Challenging Issues : Individualized Living Wills=452

Challenging Issues : Nutrition and Hydration : Feeding by Hand=452

2. Competent Patients Who Wish to Refuse Treatment=452

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=453

Assisted Suicide and Social Prejudice / Paul K. Longmore ; Elizabeth Bouvia=453

b. Legal Approaches=457

Bouvia v. Superior Court=457

Notes and Questions=460

Ms B v. An NHS Hospital Trust=461

Notes and Questions=468

3. When the Patient or Her Family Wants "Futile" Treatment=468

Causey v. St. Francis Medical Center=468

Medical Futility Statutes : No Safe Harbor to Unilaterally Refuse Life-Sustaining Treatment / Thaddeus Mason Pope=471

Notes and Questions=474

B. PHYSICIAN AID IN HASTENING DEATH=475

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=475

Death and Dignity : A Case of Individualized Decision Making / Timothy E. Quill=475

Dying Safely / Patricia Wesley=480

Notes and Questions=483

Dignity and Autonomy after Washington v. Glucksberg / Lois Shepherd=484

Notes and Questions=487

2. Legal Approaches=487

Compassion in Dying v. State of Washington=488

Washington v. Glucksberg=495

Vacco v. Quill=500

Notes and Questions=502

Oregon Death with Dignity Act=505

Oregon Department of Human Services Summary of Oregon's Death with Dignity Act―2011=508

Notes and Questions=509

Challenging Issues : The Person with a Disability Seeking Physician-Assisted Suicide=511

Challenging Issues : Universal Access to Physician-Assisted Suicide=511

8. Death=513

A. DEFINITIONS AND DETERMINATIONS OF DEATH=513

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=514

2. Legal Approaches=516

a. Adoption of Brain Death Criteria=516

b. Accommodation of Religious Beliefs=516

New Jersey Statutes Annotated(1991)=517

Challenging Issues : Individualized Definitions of Death to Accord with Religious Beliefs=517

c. Expanding the Class of Those Who Are Considered Dead=518

In re T.A.C.P.=518

Notes and Questions=522

Challenging Issues : Advance Directives for Organ Donation in the Event that an Individual Becomes Permanently Unconscious=524

Notes and Questions=526

B. TREATMENT OF THE DECEASED BODY=527

1. Anatomical Gifts=527

a. Summary of Uniform Anatomical Gift Act(2006)=527

b. Important Recent Revisions to the UAGA=528

Georgia Revised Uniform Anatomical Gift Act=528

Notes and Questions=531

c. Limited Presumed Consent Laws=532

State v. Powell=533

Newman v. Sathyavaglswaran=536

Notes and Questions=539

2. Autopsies and Other Uses of Human Corpses=542

Janicki v. Hospital of St. Raphael=542

Notes and Questions=546

Challenging Issues : Practicing Intubation on the Newly Deceased=547

Parenthood from the Grave : Protocols for Retrieving and Utilizing Games from the Dead or Dying / Katheryn D. Katz=547

Notes and Questions=551

Challenging Issues : Postmortem Gamete Retrieval=551

9. Medical Decision Making for Others=553

A. CHALLENGING AUTONOMY?=554

Notes and Questions=555

B. WHO ARE SUBSTITUTE DECISION MAKERS AND WHEN SHOULD THEY ACT?=557

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=557

Health Law and Bioethics : Pressing Issues and Changing Times : Surrogate Selection : An Increasingly Viable, but Limited, Solution to Intractable Futility Disputes / Thaddeus Mason Pope=557

Note=559

2. Legal Approaches=559

State of New York, Department of Health, Health Care Proxy=559

The Family Health Care Decisions Act=561

Notes and Questions=563

C. MAKING DECISIONS FOR NEVER-CAPABLE PATIENTS=564

Superintendent of Belchertown State School v. Saikewicz=564

Notes and Questions=567

Challenging Issues : Withholding Antibiotics for Treatment of Pneumonia in a Never-Competent Patient=568

D. DECISIONS FOR PATIENTS WHO HAVE LOST CAPACITY=568

E. PATIENTS WITH SOME(OR FULL) CAPACITY : REFUSING RECOMMENDED CARE=569

Dax Cowart's Story=570

Notes and Questions=571

State v. Northern=572

Notes and Questions=579

Bouvia v. Superior Court=580

Note and Questions=581

Challenging Issues : Decision Making by and for a Woman with Anorexia Nervosa=581

F. CLINICAL ETHICS COMMITTEES=582

See You Out of Court? The Role of ADR in Health Care : A "Principled Resolution" : The Fulcrum of Bioethics Mediation / Nancy Neveloff Dubler=585

Notes and Questions=587

G. SPECIAL ISSUES WHEN CHILDREN ARE PATIENTS=588

1. Introduction : The Parameters of Childhood and Parents as Decision Makers=588

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=588

Note=589

b. Legal Approaches=590

Notes and Questions=591

2. Medical Decision Making for Children=594

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=594

Coming of Age : Devising Legislation for Adolescent Medical Decision Making / Rhonda Gay Hartman=595

Shaping Parental Authority over Children's Bodies / Alicia Ouellette=596

Notes and Questions=598

b. Legal Approaches=601

Rhode Island Gen. Laws §23-4.6-1(2012) ; Idaho Code §39-3801(2012) ; Cal. Fam. Code, Div. 11. Minors. Part 4(2012)=601

Notes and Questions=602

Curran v. Bosze=606

Notes and Questions=609

Challenging Issues : Involuntary Administration of Psychotropic Medication to a Minor=613

Challenging Issues : Mature Minors=614

10. Discrimination in Health Care=615

A. CLASS=615

Health Disparities and the Law : Wrongs in Search of a Right / Mary Anne Bobinski,=616

B. RACE AND ETHNICITY=617

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=617

Health Law Symposium : Foreword / Sidney D. Watson=617

Medical Care As a Public Accommodation : Moving the Discussion to Race / Joel Teitelbaum ; Sara Rosenbaum=618

Section 1557 of the Affordable Care Act : Civil Rights, Health Reform, Race, and Equity / Sidney D. Watson=619

Breaking the Cycle of "Unequal Treatment" with Health Care Reform : Acknowledging and Addressing the Continuation of Racial Bias / Ruqaiijah Yearby=620

Notes and Questions=621

2. Legal Approaches=623

Hall v. Bio-Medical Application, Inc.=623

42 U.S.C. 18116=625

Notes and Questions=626

Challenging Issues : Disparities in Health Care : Race and Gender=629

C. GENDER=629

Gender Matters : Implications for Clinical Research and Women's Health Care / Karen H. Rothenberg=629

Notes and Questions=631

D. IMMIGRANT STATUS=632

When Others Get Too Close : Immigrants, Class, and the Health Care Debate / Janet L. Dolgin ; Katherine R. Dieterich=632

Notes and Questions=634

Challenging Issue : Hospital Deportations=634

E. SEXUAL ORIENTATION OR GENDER IDENTITY=635

Sexual Expression and Intimacy between Nursing Home Residents with Dementia : Balancing the Current Interests and Prior Values of Heterosexual and LGBT Residents / Evelyn M. Tenebaum=636

Notes and Questions=637

F. PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES=638

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=638

Becoming Visible : The ADA's Impact on Health Care for Persons with Disabilities / Mary Crossley=638

2. Legal Approaches=639

Sumes v. Andres=639

Notes and Questions=642

Challenging Issues : Accommodating Patients Who Are Disabled=643

G. CHILDREN WHO ARE SICK OR DISABLED=644

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=644

Killing "The Handicapped"―Before and after Birth / Martha A. Field=644

Of Diagnoses and Discrimination : Discriminatory Nontreatment of Infants with HIV Infection / Mary Crossley=645

Playing God with Baby Doe : Quality of Life and Unpredictable Life Standards at the Start of Life / Anita Silvers ; Leslie Pickering Francis=646

Notes and Questions=649

2. Legal Approaches=652

45 C.F.R. 1350.15(Services and Treatment for Disabled Infants)=652

Notes and Questions=653

H. ELDERLY PEOPLE=655

1. Unequal Paternalism=656

a. Bioethical and Social Approaches=656

Ageism : Paternalism and Prejudice / Linda S. Whitton=656

Notes and Questions=657

Challenging Issues : Autonomy and Age=660

b. Legal Approaches=660

Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann., Crimes Against the Person : Abuse, Neglect, Exploitation, and Isolation of Older Persons(2008)=661

Ohio Rev. Code Ann. Adult Protective Services(2008)=662

Notes and Questions=663

2. Talk of Rationing=664

Older Americans and the Rationing of Health Care / Andrew H. Smith ; John Rother=665

Distributive Justice and Health Care / George P. Smith II=667

Notes and Questions=668

I. GENETIC DISCRIMINATION=670

The Allure and Peril of Genetics Exceptionalism : Do We Need Special Genetics Legislation? / Sonia M. Suter=670

Notes and Questions=673

PART III. BIOETHICS AND THE COMMUNITY

11. Human Subject Research and Experimental Health Care=677

A. BIOETHICAL AND SOCIAL PERSPECTIVES=679

Human Sacrifice and Human Experimentation : Reflections at Nuremberg / Jay Katz=679

Reflections on Medical Experimentation in Humans / Guido Calabresi=683

Notes and Questions=685

B. CURRENT PRACTICES=687

The Role of Institutional Review Boards in Protecting Human Subjects : Are We Really Ready to Fix a Broken System? / Hazel Glenn Beh=687

The Human Subjects Trade : Ethical and Legal Issues Surrounding Recruitment Incentives / Trudo Lemmens ; Paul B. Miller=689

Dealing with Conflicts of Interest in Biomedical Research : IRB Oversight As the Next Best Solution to the Abolitionist Approach / Jesse A. Goldner=690

Notes and Questions=695

Challenging Issues : Lessons from Legal Ethics?=697

C. LEGAL APPROACHES=698

1. Ethics Codes=698

The Nuremberg Code=698

The Belmont Report=699

Notes and Questions=707

2. Federal Regulations=708

Reviewing the Review Boards : Why Insitutional Review Board Liability Does Not Make Good Business Sense / Carla M. Stalcup=708

Code of Federal Regulations Title 45-Public Welfare Subtitle A-Deparment of Health and Human Services Subchapter A-General Administration Part 46-Protection of Human Subjects=710

Notes and Questions=713

Challenging Issues : Research Protocol to Withdraw Medication from Patients with Schizophrenia=715

3. Common Law=717

Grimes v. Kennedy Krieger Institute, Inc.=717

Notes and Questions=726

D. SPECIAL POPULATIONS=728

1. Children=728

Children as Research Subjects : A Proposal to Revise the Current Federal Regulations Using a Moral Framework / Lainie Friedman Ross=728

Notes and Questions=730

Challenging Issues : Experimental Care=732

Challenging Issues : Human Neurostem Cell Therapy=733

2. Donors of Biological Samples=734

Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute=734

Notes and Questions=734

3. Experiments on Military Personnel=737

Minns v. United States=737

Notes and Questions=740

4. Research Among Populations of Developing Countries=742

5. The Terminally Ill=743

Faith(Healing), Hope, and Charity at the FDA : The Politics of AIDS Drug Trials / George J. Annas=744

Notes and Questions=744

Abigail Alliance for Better Access to Developmental Drugs v. Eschenbach=745

Notes and Questions=751

12. Public Health=753

A. THE INTERSECTION OF BIOETHICS AND PUBLIC HEALTH=755

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=755

Are There Characteristics of Infectious Diseases That Raise Special Ethical Issues? / Charles B. Smith ; Margaret P. Battin ; Jay A. Jacobson ; Leslie P. Francis ; Jeffrey R. Botkin ; Emily P. Asplund ; Gretchen J. Domek ; Beverly Hawkins=755

Notes and Questions=759

2. Legal Approaches=759

Lethal Injections : The Law, Science, and Politics of Syringe Access for Injection Drug Users / Scott Burris ; Steffanie A. Strathdee ; John S. Vernick=759

Notes and Questions=760

B. CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE=761

1. Vaccination=761

Jacobson v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts=761

Notes and Questions=764

2. Quarantine and Isolation=766

Quarantine and Isolation : Lessons Learned from SARS=766

Notes and Questions=768

Quarantine and Isolation : Lessons Learned from SARS=769

Notes and Questions=769

3. Tuberculosis : A Modern Case Study=770

a. Legal Approaches=771

City of Newark v. J.S.=771

Notes and Questions=778

b. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=780

Principles and Particularity : The Role of Cases in Bioethics / John D. Arras=780

Notes and Questions=782

c. Public Policy=783

Rethinking Medical Ethics : A View from Below / Paul Farmer ; Nicole Gastineau Campos=783

Notes and Questions=785

4. AIDS : The Exception?=785

5. Bioterrorism=787

The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act : Public Health and Civil Liberties in a Time of Terrorism / Lawrence O. Gostin=787

Model State Emergency Health Powers Act(as of December 21, 2001)=788

Policy Choices and Model Acts : Preparing for the Next Public Health Emergency / Ken Wing=793

Notes and Questions=794

C. OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH CHALLENGES=796

1. Civil Commitment of "Sexually Violent Predators"=797

Kansas v. Hendricks=797

Notes and Questions=799

2. Drug Testing for Government Benefits=801

Lebron v. Wilkins=801

Notes and Questions=804

3. The Obesity "Epidemic"=805

Nudging Towards Nutrition? Soft Paternalism and Obesity-Related Reform / Colin Hector=805

Pelman v. McDonald's Corp.=809

Notes and Questions=812

Challenging Issues : Banning School Vending Machines=814

Challenging Issues : Avoiding Obesity by Avoiding Some Births?=814

13. The Business of Health Care=815

A. ETHICS AND THE BUSINESS OF HEALTH CARE=816

A Corportate Ethics of "Care" in Health Care / Mark A. Hall=816

Physician-Owned Specialty Hospitals and the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act : Health Care Reform at the Intersection of Law and Ethics / Joshua E. Perry=818

Notes and Questions=824

Challenging Issues : Can Pharma Care?=826

B. INCENTIVIZING AND CONTROLLING MEDICAL TREATMENT DECISIONS=827

1. Managed Care=828

a. Bioethical and Social Approaches=828

Physician Liability and Managed Care : A Philosophical Perspective / Dionne Roller Fine=828

Images of Health Insurance in Popular Film : The Dissolving Critique / Elizabeth A. Pendo=830

Notes and Questions=832

b. Legal Approaches=833

Neade v. Portes=833

Managed Care Regulation in the States : The Impact on Physicians' Practices and Clinical Autonomy / Karl Kronebusch ; Mark Schlesinger ; Tracy Thomas=838

Notes and Questions=840

2. Gainsharing and Other Health Care Financing and Delivery Initiatives=842

Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services=843

Notes and Questions=844

3. Doctors' Entrepreneurial Activities=845

The Stark Law : Boon or Boondoggle? An Analysis of the Prohibition on Physician Self-Referrals / Steven D. Wales=845

Fla. Stat. §456.052(Disclosure of Financial Interest by Production)(2012)=847

Notes and Questions=847

Challenging Issues : Healers and Business Managers : Regulating Physicians=851

C. CHARGING AND COLLECTING PAYMENT=852

1. Bioethical and Social Approaches=852

The Controversy over Hospital Charges to the Uninsured-No Villains, No Heroes / Beverly Cohen=852

2. Legal Approaches=855

26 U.S.C. §§501(c)(3) and 501(r)(2010)=856

Press Release : Treasury Releases Proposed Guidance to Ensure Patient Access to Financial Assistance from Charitable Hospitals=857

Notes and Questions=858

D. CONTROLLING THE PRACTICE OF MEDICINE AND PROTECTING HEALTH CARE MARKETS=861

1. Corporate Practice of Medicine=861

a. Bioethical and Social Approaches=861

Playing Doctor : Corporate Medical Practice and Medical Malpractice / E. Haavi Morreim=861

b. Legal Approaches=863

Berlin v. Sarah Bush Lincoln Health Center=863

Notes and Questions=865

2. Noncompetition Agreements and Other Restraints of Trade=866

Central Indiana Podiatry v. Krueger=866

Notes and Questions=869

E. HEALTH CARE "PRODUCTS" AND DISCOVERIES=870

1. Manufacturing and Marketing=870

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=870

Pushing Drugs : Genomics and Genetics, the Pharmaceutical Industry and the Law of Negligence / Heidi Li Feldman=870

Notes and Questions=872

b. Legal Approaches=874

United States ex rel. David Franklin v. Parke-Davis=874

Notes and Questions=878

2. Patents and Property Rights=879

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=880

Patent First, Ask Questions Later : Morality and Biotechnology in Patent Law / Margo A. Bagley=880

b. Legal Approaches=881

Diamond v. Chakrabarty=881

Notes and Questions=884

Moore v. Regents of the University of California=886

Greenberg v. Miami Children's Hospital Research Institute=890

Notes and Questions=894

14. Social Justice : Access to Care, Distribution of Care, and the Social Determinants of Health=901

A. SCOPE OF THE OBLIGATION TO TREAT=902

Payton v. Weaver=903

Notes and Questions=906

B. ALLOCATING HEALTH CARE=909

1. Allocating Scarce Resources=909

Allocating Health Care Morally / Einer Elhauge=909

Notes and Questions=910

Challenging Issues : Not Enough Ventilators=915

2. Medical Tourism=915

Notes and Questions=917

3. Allocating Organs for Transplantation=918

a. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=920

Empire : Empires of the Flesh : Tissue and Organ Taboos / Michele Goodwin=920

Notes and Questions=921

Challenging Issues : Regulation of a Commercial Market in Organs?=927

b. Legal Approaches=928

Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network=928

United Network for Organ Sharing=929

Notes and Questions=930

Flynn v. Holder=933

Notes and Questions=933

Challenging Issue : Allocating Organs for Transplantation=935

Colavito v. New York Organ Donar Network, Inc.=935

Question=937

C. HEALTH CARE AS A RIGHT?=938

1. Bioethical and Social Perspectives=938

The Human Right to Health Care in the State of Vermont / Mariah McGill=938

The Ethics of Health Reform : Why We Should Care About Who Is Missing Coverage / Norman Daniels=940

From Health Care Law to the Social Determinants of Health : A Public Health Law Research Perspective / Scott Burris=941

Notes and Questions=942

Challenging Issue : Individual and Communal Responsibility=944

D. ACCESS TO CARE : THE PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT=944

1. Social and Bioethical Perspectives=944

Realigning the Social Order : The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the U.S. Health Insurance System / Sara Rosenbaum=946

Note and Question=947

2. Legal Approaches=948

a. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act(ACA)=948

b. The Supreme Court's Response to the ACA=948

Nat'l Fed. Indep., Bus. v. Sebelius=948

Notes and Questions=957

Challenging Issues : NFIB v. Sebelius and Medicaid=959

Table of Cases=961

Index=965