영문목차

PREFACE=v

PROLOGUE : THE ROMANCE OF AMERICAN LAW=1

PART ONE A TIME FOR COURTSHIP=7

CHAPTER ONE Founding Lawyers : Enthroning Law as King=9

The Declaration as a Legal Text : Thomas Jefferson=9

Writing Constitutions to Empower Law Courts : James Madison=12

Ratification : Politics and the Bill of Rights=17

Disabling Legislatures=18

Empowering a Professional Elite=19

Democratizing the Courts : Trial by Jury=20

Training a Political Profession : George Wythe and St. George Tucker=21

A Skeptical Voice : Hugh Henry Brackenridge=26

Notes to Chapter 1=29

CHAPTER TWO Founding Lawyers as Partisans : Making the Judiciary=33

The Advent of the Federalist Party : Alexander H amilton and John Adams=33

The First Red Scare and Civil Liberties : William Cooper and Jedediah Peck=36

The Presidential Election of 1800=41

The Federalists' Judiciary : John Pickering and Samuel Chase=43

The Advent of the Supreme Court : John Marshall=46

The Trial of Ex-Vice President Aaron Burr=48

New England's Puritan Vision : Tapping Reeve's Apolitical Law=53

Partisanship and Professionalism in State Courts : Thomas McKean and Theodore Sedgwick=61

Another River Revisited=65

Notes to Chapter 2=67

CHAPTER THREE Lawyers Unifying a Nation=73

The Supreme Court's Vision of Federal Law=73

America's Blackstone : James Kent=75

Defining Professional Ethics : David Hoffman and George Sharswood=78

The "American System" at Transylvania : Henry Clay and George Robertson=82

Nullifiers : John Calhoun and Thomas Cooper=87

Harvard Law : Nathan Dane and Joseph Story=91

Spreading the Word : Timothy Walker=97

Europe as a Mirror : Francis Lieber=97

Notes to Chapter 3=101

CHAPTER FOUR Lawyers for Equal Rights for All Citizens=107

The Politics of Barnburners : Jacksonians and Martin Van Buren=107

The Right to Vote in Rhode Island : Thomas W. Dorr=112

Popular Law Reform in New York : David Dudley Field=116

Egalitarian Theory : Frederick Grimke=119

The Workplace : Rights for Workers?=122

The Outskirts of Law=124

Rights for Settlers in Mexico : Stephen F. Austin and Samuel Houston=126

Equal Rights for Native Americans? William Wirt=128

Law for Landowners and Gold Miners in California=131

Equal Rights for Women?=137

Notes to Chapter 4=138

PART TWO TIME OF FRACTURE, AND PERHAPS DIVORCE=143

CHAPTER FIVE Lawyers and the Issue of Slavery=145

The Founders and Emancipation : St. George Tucker's Plan=145

The Cotton Culture : Thomas Ruffin and James Henry Hammond=148

Rights for Freedmen : John Mercer Langston=151

Colonization : James G. Birney and Simon Greenleaf=153

Abolitionism : Charles Sumner and Preston Brooks=155

Rights for Owners of Fugitive Slaves : Thaddeus Stevens=158

The Issues of "Free Soil" and "Citizenship" : James Buchanan, Jr., and Roger B. Taney=160

The Debates : Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln=164

Harper's Ferry : The Case of John Brown=167

Notes to Chapter 5=169

CHAPTER SIX Lawyers at War with One Another=175

Decisions to Secede : Andrew Magrath and Alexander Stephens=175

Decisions Not to Secede : John Carlile and John Breckenridge=176

Maintaining "Public Safety" : Edward Bates and George Cadwallader=177

Emancipation as an Act of War=180

The Law of War=183

Fighting Corruption : Edwin M. Stanton=183

Law in the Confederacy : Jefferson Davis=185

The Murder Case : Reverdy Johnson and James Speed=187

Hindsight : Was Civil War Necessary?=188

Notes to Chapter 6=193

CHAPTER SEVEN Lawyers Reconstructing the South=197

Punishing Treason : Charles O'Conor and Judah Benjamin=197

Beginning Reconstruction : Andrew Johnson and Lyman Trumbull=199

New Federal Law and Its Enforcement=202

Educating Free Lawyers : John Mercer Langston=206

Reconstructing South Carolina : Daniel Chamberlain=208

Reconstructing Mississippi : Lucius Lamar=212

Reconstructing Virginia : John Randolph Tucker=219

Abolition in Kentucky : John Marshall Harlan=221

The Exclusion of Blacks from Politics and Law=224

Notes to Chapter 7=225

PART THREE Law and Order 231

CHAPTER EIGHT Lawyers and the "Search for Order"=233

Rails Creating and Distributing Wealth : Thomas Cooley=233

Corruption and Legal Ethics : David Dudley Field=238

The Emergence of Workers' Rights : The Haymarket Case=239

Law and Lawyers in the Workplace : John Peter Altgeld and Richard Olney=244

Other Uses of the Contempt Power : Stephen Field Versus David Terry=250

University Law Schools at Michigan and Columbia : Theodore Dwight=253

Seeking Orderly Law as an Intellectual Pursuit=257

Congress and Interstate Commerce : Benjamin Harrison and John Sherman=261

Notes to Chapter 8=263

CHAPTER NINE Lawyers Competing for Status : Law as Science?=271

The Rise of Technocratic Professions=271

The Association of the Bar : William Maxwell Evarts=273

The American Bar Association : Simeon Eben Baldwin=274

Law and Economics in the Nineteenth Century / Christopher G. Tiedeman=276

Christopher Columbus Langdell's Discovery=279

The Skepticism of James Bradley Thayer=285

The Wisdom of John Chipman Gray=288

The Mistrust of Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.=292

The Celebration of the Case Method: Edward "Bull" Warren=295

Missionaries for the Case Method=296

Notes to Chapter 9=297

CHAPTER TEN Lawyers Organizing Their Profession=303

Law Reform Aims of the American Bar Association : Moorfield Storey=303

Regulating Professional Conduct / Henry St. George Tucker=306

Deregulating Lawyers' Fees=307

The Advent of a Black Bar : Everett Waring and Willis Mollison=309

The Advent of Immigrant Lawyers=313

The Advent of Women Lawyers : Clara Foltz=315

Regulating Legal Education : Edward John Phelps and Gleason Archer=321

Notes to Chapter 10=327

PART FOUR LAW IN THE TIME OF PROGRESS=333

CHAPTER ELEVEN Lawyers for Social Progress=335

Progress as Integrity : An 1893 Assessment by James Bryce=335

Progress as Optimism : John Forrest Dillon=341

Progress as Justice : The Johnstown Flood=342

Prosperity as Progress=344

Chicago's Progressive Bar : Carter Henry Harrison and Myra Bradwell=345

Florence Kelley and Social Welfare=347

John Henry Wigmore and the Law of Evidence=350

Ernst Freund and Enforcement of Public Law=354

Roscoe Pound and Reform of Judicial Institutions=357

The Wisconsin Idea of the Public University : The La Follettes=362

Notes to Chapter 11=367

CHAPTER TWELVE Exporting Progress : Lawyers as Missionaries=375

Declaring Independence for All People?=375

Writing Other People's Constitutions=376

The Kingdom of Hawaii : William Little Lee=377

The Republic of Cuba: Orville Platt=381

A Republic of the Philippines : Francis Harrison=383

The Kingdom of Siam : Jens Westengard=389

The Gold Rush in Central America : Benjamin Alden Bidlack and William Nelson Cromwell=391

Notes to Chapter 12=395

CHAPTER THIRTEEN Progress on a National Scale=401

The New Vision of National Public Law : Franklin Knight Lane=401

Jacksonian Politics at the National Level : William Jennings Bryan=402

Progressivism in the West : William Carey Jones and Hiram Johnson=405

Progressivism in Manhattan : Elihu Root and Charles Evans Hughes=408

Lawyer Louis Dembitz Brandeis=411

The Presidency of William Howard Taft=416

Woodrow Wilson's Progress=418

A Progressive Nomination : T homas J. Walsh=421

Progress against Vice : James Robert Mann=424

Mob Justice Abiding=427

Notes to Chapter 13=430

CHAPTER FOURTEEN Progress Interrupted=435

Engaging the World at War : Robert Lansing=435

Outlawing War : Salmon Levinson and Frank Kellogg=440

Questioning Loyalty : The Second Red Scare=441

Selling Public Resources : The Teapot Dome Case=445

Preaching against Science : The Scopes Trial=447

Deterring Racial Migration : The Ossian Sweet Case=448

Protecting Chastity : Samuel Leibowitz and James Horton=450

Prohibiting Alcohol : Helen Gougar and Mabel Willebrandt=453

Prohibiting Other Substances : Stephen Porter and Harry Anslinger=458

Notes to Chapter 14=462

PART FIVE A TIME FOR LAW REFORM=469

CHAPTER FIFTEEN Institutional Reforms=471

Improving Federal Law Enforcement : Harlan Fiske Stone and J. Edgar Hoover=471

Reforming State Courts : Judicial Independence and Merit Selection=473

Restating the Law : William Draper Lewis=477

Legal Realism and Freud: Karl Llewellyn and Jerome Frank=480

Reorganizing the Federal Courts : Chief Justice Taft=483

Federal Rules of Civil Procedure : Charles Clark and James Moore=490

Legal Services for the Poor : Reginald Heber Smith=493

Regulating Professional Conduct : HenryS. Dr inker=495

Bar Admission Standards : The Demography of the Profession=500

The NAACP Law Committee : Charles Hamilton Houston and William Hastie=504

The Advent of Corporate Law Firms=507

Notes to Chapter 15=509

CHAPTER SIXTEEN Lawyer s in the New Deal=517

The Great Depression : Huey Long=517

The Calming Voice : Franklin Delano Roosevelt=520

The Brain Trust : Adolf Berle=521

Felix Frankfurter's Network=522

Agricultural Adjustment : Abe Fortas and Alger Hiss=524

Industrial Recovery : Stanley Reed=526

Social Security : Barbara Nachtrieb Armstrong=528

Labor Relations : Robert Wagner and Joseph Warren Madden=529

The Supreme Court's Crisis : Owen Roberts=531

Securities Regulation : William O. Douglas and James Landis=534

Antitrust Enforcement : Thurman Arnold=538

The Advent of the Washington Lawyer=539

Notes to Chapter 16=542

PART SIX LAWYERS AT WAR=549

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN Patriotic Lawyers=551

Totalitarian Threats and the Natural Law Response / Clarence Manion=551

Lawyers as Foreign Relations Experts / Robert Taft ; Wendell Willkie=553

Lawyers as Spies / Bill Donovan=559

Defending Axis Spies / Kenneth C. Royall=563

Mobilizing the Nation / James Byrnes=564

Administering the Armed Forces / Henry Lewis Stimson ; John J. McCloy=568

Americans of Japanese Ancestry / Thomas Clark ; Daniel Inouye=570

The Bomb as a Question for Lawyers=574

Notes to Chapter 17=577

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN Lawyers Seeking World Peace=583

Trials for War Crimes / Robert Jackson=583

International Organizations and Law / William Fulbright=584

American Foreign Aid Programs=589

Writing Constitutions for Japan and Germany=590

Establishing the Republic of Israel / Shimon Agranat=596

Making Law for Former Colonies / Harry Groves=599

Notes to Chapter 18=602

CHAPTER NINETEEN The Cold War : Lawyers and Loyalties=607

The Third Red Scare : Alger Hiss=607

Wartime Again : The Youngstown Steel Case=610

Outlawing Disloyalty / George Anastaplo=611

Prosecuting Spies / Irving Kaufman ; Malcolm Sharp=614

Exposing Sympathizers / Joseph McCarthy ; Joseph Welch=615

Notes to Chapter 19=621

PART SEVEN LAW IN A TIME FOR CIVIL RIGHTS AND LIBERTIES=625

CHAPTER TWENTY Civil Rights Lawyers=627

The NAACP Legal Defense Fund / Thurgood Marshall=627

The Premise of Civil Rights / Gunnar Myrdal=629

Desegregating Law Schools / Charles McCormick ; Ada Sipuel=631

Desegregating Universities / James Meredith=634

Public Schools in South Carolina / James Byrnes ; Julius Waring=635

Public Schools in Delaware / Louis Lorenzo Redding ; Collins Seitz=637

Brown v. Board of Education / John William Davis=638

The Showdown in Little Rock / Orval Faubus ; Herbert Brownell=643

The Direct Action Alternative / Martin Luther King, Jr.=647

The Contempt Power in Alabama / Frank Johnson ; George Wallace=648

Voting Rights : A Finale for Direct Action=652

Desegregating the North : Busing=654

Notes to Chapter 20=656

CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE Lawyers for Civil Liberties and "The Great Society"=663

Legal Theory and the Supreme Court : Footnote 4 ; William J. Brennan=663

Lawyers to Defend the Impoverished Accused / Francis Allen=666

Lawyers for Convicted Prisoners=672

Lawyers for Voters and Reapportionment / Penny White=674

Activism? Matters of Life and Death / Rose Bird ; Harry Blackmun=676

The Right to Sexual Privacy=679

The War on Poverty / Jean Camper Cahn=679

Pro Bono Publico : Uncompensated Legal Services=685

Litigants of Moderate Means : Prepaid Legal Services=688

Notes to Chapter 21=691

PART EIGHT LAWYERS AND THE MARKETPLACE=695

CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO Private Lawyers Enforcing Public Law=697

Procedural Reform in State Courts / Arthur T. Vanderbilt=697

Renewing Procedural Reform in Federal Courts / Dan Quayle ; Joseph Eiden=700

"Realism" and Contract Law Reform / William Schnader=702

Tort Law to Protect and Empower Citizens / William Prosser ; Roger Traynor=706

Plaintiffs' Lawyers / Melvin Belli=709

Automobiles and No-Fault Insurance / Robert Keeton ; Jeffrey O'Connell=712

Punishing Business Misconduct / Ralph Nader=714

Liability Insurance and Conflicts of Interest=718

Aggregating Claims=721

Enforcing Environmental Law=724

Suing Governments and Officers=725

The Continuing Politics of Tort Reform=729

Notes to Chapter 22=729

CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE Lawyers as Human Capitalists=735

The Rise and Growth of Corporate Law Firms=735

The Economics and Ethics of Hourly Billing=737

A Rising Market Demand for Law Graduates=740

Rising Entry Costs=741

The Advent of Paralegals=746

The Advent of Judicial Law Clerks=747

Demographic Diversity in the Profession : Special Admissions=748

Many Women at Last=752

Diversity in the Law Faculty=752

Academic Conceit : Rankings=756

Notes to Chapter 23=758

PART NINE LAWYERS IN A TIME OF DISORDER=761

CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR Lawyers Deterring Public Disorder=763

The Presidential Campaign of 1960=763

Richard Nixon in California in 1962 / Pat Brown=766

President Kennedy's Thousand Days / Dean Rusk=767

Robert Kennedy at the Department of Justice / Byron White ; James Landis=771

Four Assassinations=775

Ramsey Clark at the Department of Justice=777

Abe Fortas at the White House=780

The Sixties Riots=784

The Trial of the Chicago Eight=786

Notes to Chapter 24=788

CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE Lawyers in Disorder : Watergate=793

An Imperial President / Richard Nixon=793

Achievements of the Nixon Presidency 796

President Nixon's Lawyers / John Mitchell ; Richard Kleindienst=797

The White House and The F.B.I.=800

The Break-in Case / Henry Rothblatt ; John Sirica=802

The Select Committee and The Independent Prosecutor / Sam Ervin ; Archibald Cox=804

The Saturday Night Massacre / Eliot Richardson ; Leon Jaworski=810

Resignation=812

Convicted Lawyers=814

Notes to Chapter 25=814

CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX New Law Governing Lawyers and Legal Institutions=819

Rebuilding the Deparment of Justice: Gerald Ford and Edward Levi=819

Constraining Judicial Discretions / Alfred Murrah=825

Deterring Corruption of Federal Officials / Ted Stevens=827

Private Enforcement of Corruption Law / False Claims=829

The Independent Counsel / Lawrence Walsh ; Kenneth Starr=832

Deterring State and Local Corruption / Otto Kerner, Jr. ; Don Siegelman=836

Campaign Finance : Freedom of Expression or Corruption?=838

Freedom of Expression and Judicial Elections=842

Presidential Appointments of Judges / Robert Bork=845

Regulation Private Lawyers / Robert Kutak ; Tom Clark=847

Notes to Chapter 26=853

Epilogue=859

Notes to Epilogue=861

Salutations and Acknowledgments=863

Credits for Images=869

Index=885