영문목차

PART 1. Introduction to the Law and the Judicial Process

Chapter 1. Legal Concepts and the Judicial Process=1

Definition of Law=2

Sources of Law=2

Constitutional Law=2

Statutory Laws=3

Administrative Laws=3

EXERCISE 1-1=3

Attorney General's Opinions=4

Judicial Laws=4

Classifications (Types) of Law=5

Common Law=5

Civil Law=5

Public Law=6

Criminal Law=6

EXERCISE 1-2=7

Substantive Law=7

Procedural Law=7

Due Process of Law and Equal Protection of the Law=7

The Judicial Process=9

Questions of Law or Fact=9

Jurisdiction of the Courts=9

State Courts=10

Trial Courts=10

State Appellate Courts=10

State Supreme Courts=11

EXERCISE 1-3=11

Federal Courts=11

District Courts=11

Courts of Appeal=11

Supreme Court=11

EXERCISE 1-4=12

Statutes of Limitations=12

EXERCISE 1-5=13

Summary=13

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=13

You Be the Judge=13

References=14

Chapter 2. Anatomy of a Lawsuit=15

The Trial Process=16

Step One Initiation of the Lawsuit=16

EXERCISE 2-1=19

Step Two Pleadings and Pretrial Motions=19

Step Three Pretrial Discovery of Evidence=20

Step Four The Trial=22

EXERCISE 2-2=24

Step Five Appeals=24

Step Six Execution of Judgment=24

Expert and Lay Witnesses=25

Lay Witness=25

Expert Witness=25

EXERCISE 2-3=28

Summary=29

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=29

You Be the Judge=29

References=30

PART 2. Ethics

Chapter 3. Introduction to Ethics=31

Definitions of Ethics and Values=32

Distinction Between Ethics and the Law=32

Ethical Theories=33

EXERCISE 3-1=35

Ethical principles=35

Autonomy=35

Beneficence=36

Nonmaleficence=36

Veracity=37

Fidelity=37

Paternalism=37

Justice=38

Respect for Others=38

EXERCISE 3-2=39

Ethics Committee=39

EXERCISE 3-3=40

Summary=40

Apply Your Ethical Knowledge=40

You Be the Ethicist=41

References=41

Chapter 4. Application of Ethics in Nursing Practice Settings=42

Professional Codes of Ethics=43

Ethical Decision-Making Frameworks=43

EXERCISE 4-1=44

Advocacy as a Nursing Role=45

EXERCISE 4-2=46

Moral Distress=46

EXERCISE 4-3=48

Therapeutic Jurisprudence=48

Slippery Slope Arguments=50

Health Policy=50

EXERCISE 4-4=51

Summary=51

Apply Your Ethical Knowledge=51

You Be the Judge=52

References=52

PART 3. Liability Issues

Chapter 5. Standards of Care=54

Definition of Standards of Care=54

EXERCISE 5-1=55

Establishment of Nursing Standards of Care=55

Internal Standards=55

EXERCISE 5-2=58

External Standards=58

EXERCISE 5-3=62

National and Local Standards of Care=62

Importance of Standards of Care to the Individual Nurse=63

EXERCISE 5-4=64

Expert Testimony=65

Expanded Nursing Roles=65

EXERCISE 5-5=65

Ethical Issues and Standards of Care=65

Summary=66

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=66

You Be the Judge=66

References=66

Chapter 6. Tort Law=68

Definition of Torts=69

Negligence Versus Malpractice=69

EXERCISE 6-1=70

Elements of Malpractice or Negligence=70

Duty Owed the Patient=70

Breach of Duty Owed the Patient=72

Foreseeability=72

Causation=74

Tests for Causation=75

Proximate Cause=76

Injury=77

Damages=78

EXERCISE 6-2=80

Doctrine of res ipsa loquitur=80

Locality Rule=82

Avoiding Malpractice Claims=83

EXERCISE 6-3=84

Patient Education and Tort Law=84

Definition of Intentional Torts=86

Intentional Torts=86

Assault=86

Battery=87

False Imprisonment=88

Conversion of Property=89

Trespass to Land=90

Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress=90

EXERCISE 6-4=91

Quasi-Intentional Torts=91

Invasion of Privacy=91

Defamation=92

EXERCISE 6-5=93

Defenses=94

Ethical Issues and Tort Laws=94

Summary=95

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=96

You Be the Judge=96

References=96

Chapter 7. Nursing Liability : Defenses=99

Defenses Against Liability=99

Defenses Against Intentional Torts=99

Consent=100

Self-Defense and Defense of Others=100

Necessity=101

Defenses Against Quasi-Intentional Torts=101

Consent=101

EXERCISE 7-1=102

Truth=102

Privilege=103

Disclosure Statutes=103

Access Laws=106

Qualified Privilege=106

Defenses Against Nonintentional Torts=107

Release=107

Contributory and Comparative Negligence=107

EXERCISE 7-2=109

Assumption of the Risk=109

Unavoidable Accident=110

Assumption of the Risk―Defense of the Fact=110

Immunity=110

Good Samaritan Laws=110

Statute of Limitations=112

Products Liability=112

Collective and Alternative Liability=113

Caveats in Products Liability Lawsuits=114

EXERCISE 7-3=114

Selected Ethical Issues=114

Summary=114

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=115

You Be the Judge=115

References=115

Chapter 8. Informed Consent and Patient Self-Determination=117

Role of Consent=118

Consent Versus Informed Consent=118

Inclusions in Informed Consent=119

Forms of Informed Consent=119

Standards of Informed Consent=120

EXERCISE 8-1=121

Exceptions to Informed Consent=121

Accountability for Obtaining Informed Consent=122

Nurses' Role in Obtaining Consent=123

EXERCISE 8-2=124

Consent Forms=124

Who Must Consent=126

Competent Adult=126

Incompetent Adult=127

Minors=127

EXERCISE 8-3=128

Right to Refuse Consent=129

Limitations on Refusal of Therapy=129

Law Enforcement=130

Informed Consent in Human Experimentation=131

Health Literacy=133

Genetic Testing=134

Patient Education in Genetic Testing=135

Patient Self-Determination=135

The Issue of Consent=135

Living Wills=137

Natural Death Acts=138

Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care=139

Third-Generation Advance Directives=140

Uniform Rights of the Terminally Ill Act=140

Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment=140

Patient Self-Determination Act of 1990=141

Do-Not-Resuscitate Directives=143

Mature Minors and the Right to Die=144

EXERCISE 8-4=145

Hospice Care=145

Assisted Suicide=145

Ethical Issues=148

EXERCISE 8-5=149

Summary=149

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=150

You Be the Judge=150

References=150

Chapter 9. Documentation and Confidentiality=153

Medical Records=154

Contents of the Record=154

Effective Documentation=154

Make an Entry for Every Observation=154

EXERCISE 9-1=156

Follow-Up as Needed=156

Read Nurses' Notes before Giving Care=158

Always Make an Entry, Even If It Is Late=158

Make the Chart Entry after the Event=160

Use Clear and Objective Language=160

Be Realistic and Factual=161

EXERCISE 9-2=163

Chart Only Your Own Observations=163

Chart Patient's Refusal for Care=163

Clearly Chart All Patient Education=164

Correct Charting Errors=164

Never Alter a Record at Someone Else's Request=166

Identify Yourself after Every Entry=166

Use Standardized Checklists or Flow Sheets=166

Leave No Room for Liability=167

EXERCISE 9-3=168

Electronic Medical Record (Computerized Charting)=168

Charting by Exception=169

Alteration of Records=170

Retention of Records=170

Ownership of the Record=172

Access to Medical Records=173

Incident Reports=174

EXERCISE 9-4=175

Electronic Transfer of Medical Records=175

Confidentiality of Medical Records=176

EXERCISE 9-5=176

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996=177

Electronic Mail and the Internet=180

Reporting and Access Laws=181

Common-Law Duty to Disclose=181

Contagious Diseases=181

Threats to an Identified Person=181

Limitations to Disclosure=183

Substance and Alcohol Abuse Confidentiality=183

HIV/AIDS Confidentiality=183

Selected Ethical Concerns=184

EXERCISE 9-6=184

Summary=185

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=185

You Be the Judge=185

References=186

Chapter 10. Professional liability Insurance=188

Professional Liability Insurance=188

Insurance Policies=189

Types of Policies=189

EXERCISE 10-1=190

Declarations=190

Coverage Agreements=190

Limits and Deductibles=190

Additional Clauses in Insurance Policies=190

EXERCISE 10-2=192

Licensure Protection=195

Individual Versus Employer Liability Coverage=195

EXERCISE 10-3=196

Reasons to Purchase Individual Liability Insurance=196

Arguments for Having Professional Liability Insurance=196

Summary=197

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=197

You Be the Judge=198

References=198

PART 4. Impact of the Law on the Professional Practice of Nursing

Chapter 11. Nurse Practice Acts, Licensure, and the Scope of Practice=199

Credentials=200

Professional Licensure=200

State Boards of Nursing=200

Mandatory Licensure=201

Permissive Licensure=201

Institutional Licensure=202

EXERCISE 11-1=202

Nurse Practice Acts=202

EXERCISE 11-2=203

Elements of Nurse Practice Acts=203

Definition of Professional Nursing=203

Requirements for Licensure=204

Exemptions=204

Licensure Across Jurisdictions=205

Disciplinary Action and Due Process Requirements=206

EXERCISE 11-3=211

Penalties for Practicing Without a License=211

Diversion Programs=211

EXERCISE 11-4=212

Articulation with Medical Practice Acts=213

Scope of Practice Issues=213

Updating Nurse Practice Acts=215

Continuing Education for Practicing Nurses=216

Reporting Professional Violations of the Nurse Practice Act=216

Certification=217

EXERCISE 11-5=217

Complementary and Alternative Medicine=218

Medicinal Use of Cannabis (Marijuana)=218

Mutual Recognition Compacts=219

Some Ethical Concerns=220

Summary=221

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=221

You Be the Judge=221

References=222

Chapter 12. Advanced Nursing Practice Roles=224

Historical Overview of Advanced Nursing Practice Roles=225

Nurse Anesthetist=225

Nurse Midwifery=225

Advanced Nurse Practitioners=226

Clinical Nurse Specialist=226

Clinical Nurse Leader=227

Doctor of Nursing Practice=228

EXERCISE 12-1=228

Legal Liability of Expanded Nursing Roles=228

Scope of Practice Issues=228

Reimbursement Issues=230

Malpractice Issues=231

Standards of Care=231

EXERCISE 12-2=235

Prescriptive Authority=235

Admitting (Hospital) Privileges=235

EXERCISE 12-3=236

Direct Access to Patient Populations=236

Statute of Limitations=236

Ethical Perspectives and Advanced Nursing Practice=237

EXERCISE 12-4=237

Summary=237

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=238

You Be the Judge=238

References=238

Chapter 13. Corporate Liability Issues and Employment Laws=240

Theories of Vicarious Liability=241

Respondeat Superior=241

Scope and Course of Employment=242

EXERCISE 13-1=244

Borrowed Servant and Dual Servant Doctrines=244

Corporate Liability=244

Negligent Hiring and Retention=245

Ostensible Authority=246

Subjectivism=246

Inherent Function=246

Reliance=246

Control=246

Theories of Independent Liability=246

Independent Contractor Status=246

Personal Liability=247

Indemnification=247

EXERCISE 13-2=247

Employment Laws=247

Equal Employment Opportunity Laws=248

EXERCISE 13-3=253

Federal Torts Claims Act of 1946=253

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967=253

Rehabilitation Act of 1973=254

Affirmative Action=254

Occupational Safety and Health Act=255

Employment-at-Will and Wrongful Discharge=256

EXERCISE 13-4=258

EXERCISE 13-5=261

Collective Bargaining=262

Case Law and the National Labor Relations Act=265

EXERCISE 13-6=267

Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993=267

Workers' Compensation Laws=269

EXERCISE 13-7=270

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act=270

Ethical Concerns in This Area of the Law=270

Summary=271

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=272

You Be the Judge=272

References=272

Chapter 14. Federal Laws : The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and the Civil Rights Act of 1991=275

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990=276

Background of the Act=276

Definitions in the Act=276

EXERCISE 14-1=277

Exclusions from the Definition of Disability=277

Provisions of the ADA=277

Title I=277

Title II=278

Title III=278

Title IV=278

Title V=278

Lawsuits Under the ADA=278

Disability Discrimination=278

Reasonable Accommodation=282

EXERCISE 14-2=284

Essential Job Functions=284

EXERCISE 14-3=285

Cases Under Titles III and IV=286

Enforcement of the ADA=286

ADA Summary=287

EXERCISE 14-4=287

Civil Rights Act of 1991=288

Background of the Act=288

Definition of Sexual Harassment=288

Quid Pro Quo Sexual Harassment=288

Hostile Work Environment=288

Preferential Treatment or Sexual Favoritism=291

EXERCISE 14-5=291

Ethical Concerns=291

Summary=291

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=292

You Be the Judge=292

References=292

Chapter 15. Nursing Management and the Nurse-Manager=294

Liability=295

Causes of Malpractice for Nurse-Managers=296

Duty to Orient, Educate, and Evaluate=297

Failure to Warn=298

Hiring Practices=299

EXERCISE 15-1=299

Staffing Issues=299

Adequate Numbers of Staff=299

EXERCISE 15-2=301

Float Staff=303

Agency Personnel=305

EXERCISE 15-3=307

Policies and Procedures=307

Contract Principles=307

Legal Elements of a Contract=308

Types of Contracts=308

EXERCISE 15-4=309

Termination of a Contract=309

Alternative Dispute Resolution=311

Mediation=311

Arbitration=311

Fact Finding=311

Summary Jury Trial=311

Nurses and Contracts=311

EXERCISE 15-5=312

Contracts that Arise After Employment=312

Ethical Issues=312

Summary=313

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=313

You Be the Judge=313

References=314

Chapter 16. Delegation. Supervision, and Patient Advocacy=315

Delegation, Assignment, and Supervision=316

EXERCISE 16-1=318

Principles of Effective Delegation=319

Unlicensed Assistive Personnel=320

EXERCISE 16-2=321

Patient Advocacy=323

EXERCISE 16-3=326

EXERCISE 16-4=327

Ethical Considerations=328

Summary=329

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=329

You Be the Judge=329

References=330

PART 5. Impact of the Law on Nursing in Selected Practice Settings

Chapter 17. Nursing in Acute Care Settings=331

Acute Care Nursing=332

Patient Safety=332

Psychiatric and Vulnerable Patients=332

Suicide Prevention=333

EXERCISE 17-1=336

Warning of Intent to Harm=336

Failure to Protect from Harm=337

False Imprisonment/Wrongful Commitment=340

Level of Care Required=341

Confidentiality Right of Mentally Ill Patients=341

EXERCISE 17-2=341

Restraints=342

EXERCISE 17-3=345

Medication Errors=346

Incorrect Patient=346

Incorrect Dosage, Medication, or Incorrect Route of Administration=346

Improper Injection Technique=348

Incorrect Time of Administration=348

Failure to Note Patient Allergies=348

Inaccurate Knowledge Regarding the Medication and Its Side Effects=348

EXERCISE 17-4=349

Failure to Document Appropriately=349

Patient Falls=350

EXERCISE 17-5=352

Technology and Equipment=352

Failure to Adequately Assess, Monitor, and Communicate=353

Failure to Monitor=353

Failure to Assess and Notify=354

EXERCISE 17-6=357

Failure to Listen and Communicate with Patients=358

Communicating with Culturally and Ethnically Diverse Individuals=358

EXERCISE 17-7=360

Failure to Act as a Patient Advocate=360

Patient Education=360

Ethical Issues in Acute Care Settings=360

Summary=361

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=362

You Be the Judge=362

References=362

Chapter 18. Nursing in Ambulatory and Managed Care Settings=366

Ambulatory Care Nursing=367

Patient Education=367

Distance Delivery of Health Care=368

EXERCISE 18-1=371

Violence=372

EXERCISE 18-2=373

Volunteer Services=373

Donating Health-Related Advice=374

Managed Health Care Organizations=376

EXERCISE 18-3=377

Patient-Centered Medical Home Model=378

Legal Issues Surrounding Managed Care=379

Employment Retirement Income Security Act=379

EXERCISE 18-4=380

Gag Rules and End-of-Year Profit Sharing=380

Standards of Care=381

Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act=382

EXERCISE 18-5=385

EXERCISE 18-6=387

EXERCISE 18-7=389

Antitrust Issues in Managed Care=389

Patient Rights=390

EXERCISE 18-8=392

Ethical Issues in Ambulatory and Managed Health Care=392

Summary=393

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=393

You Be the Judge=393

References=394

Chapter 19. Public and Community Health Care=396

Overview of Public and Community Health Nursing=396

Federal Statutes=397

Social Security Act of 1935=397

Public Health Service Act of 1944=397

Legal Responsibilities=397

Public and Community Health Nursing=397

Home Health Care=398

State Legislation=400

EXERCISE 19-1=400

Standing Orders=401

Contract Law=401

EXERCISE 19-2=403

Confidentiality=403

Refusal of Care=404

Agency Policies=404

Malpractice and Negligence=405

Patient Education=406

EXERCISE 19-3=406

Parish Nursing=407

Occupational Health Nursing=407

EXERCISE 19-4=408

School Health Nursing=408

Correctional Nursing=410

EXERCISE 19-5=413

Disaster Nursing=413

Selected Ethical Issues=414

Summary=415

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=415

You Be the Judge=416

References=416

Chapter 20. Nursing in Long-Term Care Settings=418

Long-Term Care Settings=419

Nursing Homes=419

Assisted Living Centers=419

Hospice Nursing Centers=419

Elder Day Care Centers=420

Nursing Home Reform Act of 1987=420

EXERCISE 20-1=422

Long-Term Care Nursing : Providing Quality Care=422

Falls and Restraints=423

EXERCISE 20-2=425

Skin and Wound Care=425

EXERCISE 20-3=426

Nutrition and Hydration=427

Patient Safety Issues=428

Resident Transfers=430

EXERCISE 20-4=430

Duty to Assess, Monitor, and Communicate=431

Intentional and Quasi-Intentional Torts=431

Involuntary Discharge=432

End-of-Life Care and Patient Education=433

Elder Abuse=433

EXERCISE 20-5=438

Selected Ethical Issues in Long-Term Care=438

Summary=439

Apply Your Legal Knowledge=439

You Be the Judge=439

References=440

Index=442