영문목차

Acknowledgments=xix

Introduction "An Invention without a Future"=1

1. THE AVANT-GARDE(S)=13

The Futurist Cinema (Italy, 1916) / F. T. Marinetti ; Bruno Corra, et al.=15

Lenin Decree (USSR, 1919) / Vladimir Ilyich Lenin=19

The ABCs of Cinema (France, 1917-1921) / Blaise Cendrars=20

WE : Variant of a Manifesto (USSR, 1922) / Dziga Vertov=23

The Method of Making Workers' Films (USSR, 1925) / Sergei Eisenstein=27

Constructivism in the Cinema (USSR, 1928) / Alexei Gan=29

Preface : Un chien Andalou (France, 1928) / Luis Buñuel=31

Manifesto of the Surrealists Concerning L'Age d'or (France, 1930) / The Surrealist Group=31

Manifesto on "Que Viva Mexico" (USA, 1933) / The Editors of Experimental Film=38

Spirit of Truth (France, 1933) / Le Corbusier=41

An Open Letter to the Film Industry and to All Who Are Interested in the Evolution of the Good Film (Hungary, 1934) / László Moholy-Nagy=44

Light*Form*Movement*Sound (USA, 1935) / Mary Ellen Bute=47

Prolegomena for All Future Cinema (France, 1952) / Guy Debord=49

No More Flat Feet! (France, 1952) / Lettriste International=50

The Lettristes Disavow the Insulters of Chaplin (France, 1952) / Jean-Isidore Isou ; Maurice Lemaître ; Gabriel Pomerand=51

The Only Dynamic Art (USA, 1953) / Jim Davis=52

A Statement of Principles (USA, 1961) / Maya Deren=56

The First Statement of the New American Cinema Group (USA, 1961) / New American Cinema Group.=58

Foundation for the Invention and Creation of Absurd Movies (USA, 1962) / Ron Rice=61

From Metaphors on Vision (USA, 1963) / Stan Brakhage=62

Kuchar 8mm Film Manifesto (USA, 1964) / George Kuchar=69

Film Andepandan [Independents] Manifesto (Japan, 1964) / Takahiko Iimura ; Koichiro Ishizaki, et al.=70

Discontinuous Films (Canada, 1967) / Keewatin Dewdney=72

Hand-Made Films Manifesto (Australia, 1968) / Thoms [Ubu Films]=76

Cinema Manifesto (Australia, 1971) / Arthur Cantrill ; Corinne Cantrill=77

For a Metahistory of Film : Commonplace Notes and Hypotheses (USA, 1971) / Hollis Frampton=78

Elements of the Void (Greece, 1972) / Gregory Markopoulos=86

Small Gauge Manifesto (USA, 1980) / JoAnn Elam ; Chuck Kleinhans=87

Cinema of Transgression Manifesto (USA, 1985) / Nick Zedd=88

Modern, All Too Modern (USA, 1988) / Keith Sanborn=89

Open Letter to the Experimental Film Congress : Let's Set the Record Straight (Canada, 1989) / Peggy Ahwesh ; Caroline Avery, et al.=100

Anti-100 Years of Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1996) / Jonas Mekas=102

The Decalogue (Czech Republic, 1999) / Jan Švankmajer=103

Your Film Farm Manifesto on Process Cinema (Canada, 2012) / Philip Hoffman=105

2. NATIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL CINEMAS=109

From "The Glass Eye" (Italy, 1933) / Leo Longanesi=112

The Archers' Manifesto (UK, 1942) / Michael Powell ; Emeric Pressburger=116

What Is Wrong with Indian Films? (India, 1948) / Satyajit Ray=117

Buñuel the Poet (Mexico, 1951) / Octavio Paz=120

French Cinema Is Over (France, 1952) / Serge Berna ; Guy Debord, et al.=123

Some Ideas on the Cinema (Italy, 1953) / Cesare Zavattini=124

A Certain Tendency in French Cinema (France, 1954) / François Truffaut=133

Salamanca Manifesto & Conclusions of the Congress of Salamanca (Spain, 1955) / Juan Antonio Bardem=144

Free Cinema Manifestos (UK, 1956-1959) / Committee for Free Cinema=149

The Oberhausen Manifesto (West Germany, 1962) / Alexander Kluge ; Edgar Reitz, et al.=152

Untitled [Oberhausen 1965] (West Germany, 1965) / Jean-Marie Straub ; Rodolf Thome ; Dirk Alvermann, et al.=153

The Mannheim Declaration (West Germany, 1967) / Joseph von Sternberg ; Alexander Kluge, et al.=154

Sitges Manifesto (Spain, 1967) / Manuel Revuelta ; Antonio Artero ; Joachin Jordà ; Julián Marcos=155

How to Make a Canadian Film (Canada, 1967) / Guy Glover=157

How to Not Make a Canadian Film (Canada, 1967) / Claude Jutra=161

From "The Estates General of the French Cinema, May 1968" (France, 1968) / Thierry Derocles ; Michel Demoule ; Claude Chabrol ; Marin Karmitz=162

Manifesto of the New Cinema Movement (India, 1968) / Arun Kaul ; Mrinal Sen=165

What Is to Be Done? (France, 1970) / Jean-Luc Godard=169

The Winnipeg Manifesto (Canada, 1974) / Denys Arcand ; Colin Low ; Don Shebib, et al.=170

Hamburg Declaration of German Filmmakers (West Germany, 1979) / Rainer Werner Fassbinder ; Werner Herzog ; Wim Wenders, et al.=172

Manifesto I (Denmark, 1984) / Lars von Trier=173

Manifesto II (Denmark, 1987) / Lars von Trier=174

Manifesto III : I Confess! (Denmark, 1990) / Lars von Trier=174

The Cinema We Need (Canada, 1985) / R. Bruce Elder=176

Pathways to the Establishment of a Nigerian Film Industry (Nigeria, 1985) / Ola Balogun=183

Manifesto of 1988 (German Democratic Republic, 1988) / Young DEFA Filmmakers=192

In Praise of a Poor Cinema (Scotland, 1993) / Colin McArthur=194

Dogme '95 Manifesto and Vow of Chastity (Denmark, 1995) / Lars von Trier ; Thomas Vinterberg=201

I Sinema Manifesto (Indonesia, 1999) / Dimas Djayadinigrat ; Enison Sinaro, et al.=203

3. THIRD CINEMAS, COLONIALISM, DECOLONIZATION, AND POSTCOLONIALISM=207

Manifesto of the New Cinema Group (Mexico, 1961) / El grupo nuevo cine=209

Cinema and Underdevelopment (Argentina, 1962) / Fernando Birri=211

The Aesthetics of Hunger (Brazil, 1965) / Glauber Rocha=218

For an Imperfect Cinema (Cuba, 1969) / Julio García Espinosa=220

Towards a Third Cinema : Notes and Experiences for the Development of a Cinema of Liberation in the Third World (Argentina, 1969) / Fernando Solanas ; Octavio Getino=230

Film Makers and the Popular Government Political Manifesto (Chile, 1970) / Comité de cine de la unidad popular=250

Consciousness of a Need (Uruguay, 1970) / Mario Handler=253

Militant Cinema : An Internal Category of Third Cinema (Argentina, 1971) / Octavio Getino ; Fernando Solanas=256

For Colombia 1971 : Militancy and Cinema (Colombia, 1971) / Carlos Alvarez=258

The Cinema : Another Face of Colonised Québec (Canada, 1971) / Association professionnelle des cinéastes du Québec=264

8 Millimeters versus 8 Millions (Mexico, 1972) / Jaime Humberto Hermosillo ; Arturo Ripstein ; Paul Leduc, et al.=272

Manifesto of the Palestinian Cinema Group (Palestine, 1973) / Palestinian Cinema Group=273

Resolutions of the Third World Filmmakers Meeting (Algeria, 1973) / Fernando Birri ; Ousmane Sembène ; Jorge Silva, et al.=275

The Luz e Ação Manifesto (Brazil, 1973) / Carlos Diegues ; Glauber Rocha, et al.=284

Problems of Form and Content in Revolutionary Cinema (Bolivia, 1976) / Jorge Sanjinés=286

Manifesto of the National Front of Cinematographers (Mexico, 1975) / Paul Leduc ; Jorge Fons, et al.=294

The Algiers Charter on African Cinema (Algeria, 1975) / FEPACI (Fédération panafricaine des cinéastes)=296

Declaration of Principles and Goals of the Nicaraguan Institute of Cinema (Nicaragua, 1979) / Nicaraguan Institute of Cinema=298

What Is the Cinema for Us? (Mauritania, 1979) / Med Hondo=300

Niamey Manifesto of African Filmmakers (Niger, 1982) / FEPACI (Fédération panafricaine des cinéastes)=303

Black Independent Filmmaking : A Statement by the Black Audio Film Collective (UK, 1983) / John Akomfrah=307

From Birth Certificate of the International School of Cinema and Television in San Antonio de Los Baños, Cuba, Nicknamed the School of Three Worlds (Cuba, 1986) / Fernando Birri=309

FeCAViP Manifesto (France, 1990) / Federation of Caribbean Audiovisual Professionals=312

Final Communique of the First Frontline Film Festival and Workshop (Zimbabwe, 1990) / SADCC (South African Development Coordination Conference)=313

Pocha Manifesto #1 (USA, 1994) / Sandra Peña-Sarmiento=316

Poor Cinema Manifesto (Cuba, 2004) / Humberto Solás=318

Jollywood Manifesto (Haiti, 2008) / Ciné Institute=320

The Toronto Declaration : No Celebration of Occupation (Canada, 2009) / John Greyson ; Naomi Klein, et al.=321

4. GENDER, FEMINIST, QUEER, SEXUALITY, AND PORN MANIFESTOS=325

Woman's Place in Photoplay Production (USA, 1914) / Alice Guy-Blaché=328

Hands Off Love (France, 1927) / Maxime Alexandre ; Louis Aragon, et al.=330

The Perfect Filmic Appositeness of Maria Montez (USA, 1962) / Jack Smith=336

On Film No. 4 (In Taking the Bottoms of 365 Saints of Our Time) (UK, 1967) / Yoko Ono=344

Statement (USA, 1969) / Kenneth Anger=346

Wet Dream Film Festival Manifesto (The Netherlands, 1970) / S.E.L.F. (Sexual Egalitarianism and Libertarian Fraternity)=346

Women's Cinema as Counter-Cinema (UK, 1973) / Claire Johnston=347

Manifesto for a Non-sexist Cinema (Canada, 1974) / FECIP (Fédération européenne du cinéma progressiste)=356

Womanifesto (USA, 1975) / Feminists in the Media=359

Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (UK, 1975) / Laura Mulvey=359

An Egret in the Porno Swamp : Notes of Sex in the Cinema (Sweden, 1977) / Vilgot Sjöman=370

For the Self-Expression of the Arab Woman (France, 1978) / Heiny Srour ; Salma Baccar ; Magda Wassef=375

Manifesto of the Women Filmmakers (West Germany, 1979) / Verband der Filmarbeiterinnen=376

Wimmin's Fire Brigade Communiqué (Canada, 1982) / Wimmin's Fire Brigade=377

Thoughts on Women's Cinema : Eating Words, Voicing Struggles (USA, 1986) / Yvonne Rainer=378

The Post Porn Modernist Manifesto (USA, 1989) / Annie Sprinkle ; Veronica Vera, et al.=382

Statement of African Women Professionals of Cinema, Television and Video (Burkina Faso, 1991) / FEPACI (Fédération panafricaine des cinéastes)=383

Puzzy Power Manifesto : Thoughts on Women and Pornography (Denmark, 1998) / Vibeke Windeløv ; Lene Børglum, et al.=385

Cinema with Tits (Spain, 1998) / Icíar Bollaín=388

My Porn Manifesto (France, 2002) / Ovidie=390

No More Mr. Nice Gay : A Manifesto (USA, 2009) / Todd Verow=392

Barefoot Filmmaking Manifesto (UK, 2009) / Sally Potter=396

Dirty Diaries Manifesto (Sweden, 2009) / Mia Engberg=397

5. MILITATING HOLLYWOOD=403

Code to Govern the Making of Talking, Synchronized and Silent Motion Pictures (Motion Picture Production Code) (USA, 1930) / Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America=405

Red Films : Soviets Spreading Doctrine in U.S. Theatres (USA, 1935) / William Randolph Hearst=417

Statement of Principles (USA, 1944) / Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals=420

Screen Guide for Americans (USA, 1947) / Ayn Rand=422

White Elephant Art vs. Termite Art (USA, 1962) / Manny Farber=432

Super Fly : A Summary of Objections by the Kuumba Workshop (USA, 1972) / Kuumba Workshop=440

Full Frontal Manifesto (USA, 2001) / Steven Soderbergh=441

6. THE CREATIVE TREATMENT OF ACTUALITY=445

Towards a Social Cinema (France, 1930) / Jean Vigo=448

From "First Principles of Documentary" (UK, 1932) / John Grierson=453

Manifesto on the Documentary Film (UK, 1933) / Oswell Blakeston=460

Declaration of the Group of Thirty (France, 1953) / Jean Painlevé ; Jacques-Yves Cousteau ; Alain Resnais, et al.=461

Initial Statement of the Newsreel (USA, 1967) / New York Newsreel=462

Nowsreel, or the Potentialities of a Political Cinema (USA, 1970) / Robert Kramer [New York Newsreel]=463

Documentary Filmmakers Make Their Case (Poland, 1971) / Bohdan Kosiński ; Krzysztof Kieślowski ; Tomasz Zygadło=464

The Asian Filmmakers at Yamagata YIDFF Manifesto (Japan, 1989) / Kidlat Tahimik ; Stephen Teo, et al.=469

Minnesota Declaration : Truth and Fact in Documentary Cinema (Germany, 1999) / Werner Herzog=471

Defocus Manifesto (Denmark, 2000) / Lars von Trier=472

Kill the Documentary as We Know It (USA, 2002) / Jill Godmilow=473

Ethnographic Cinema (EC) : A Manifesto/A Provocation (USA, 2003) / Jay Ruby=476

Reality Cinema Manifesto (Russia, 2005) / Vitaly Manskiy=478

Documentary Manifesto (USA, 2008) / Albert Maysles=479

China Independent Film Festival Manifesto : Shamans * Animals (People's Republic of China, 2011) / By several documentary filmmakers who participated and also who did not participate in the festival=480

7. STATES, DICTATORSHIPS, THE COMINTERN, AND THEOCRACIES=487

Capture the Film! Hints on the Use of, Out of the Use of, Proletarian Film Propaganda (USA, 1925) / Willi Münzenberg=490

The Legion of Decency Pledge (USA, 1934) / Archbishop John McNicholas=492

Creative Film (Germany, 1935) / Joseph Goebbels=493

Vigilanti Cura : On Motion Pictures (Vatican City, 1936) / Pope Pius XI=495

Four Cardinal Points of A Revolução de Maio (Portugal, 1937) / António Lopes Ribeiro=505

From On the Art of Cinema (North Korea, 1973) / Kim Jong-il=506

8. ARCHIVES, MUSEUMS, FESTIVALS, AND CINEMATHEQUES=517

A New Source of History : The Creation of a Depository for Historical Cinematography (Poland/France, 1898) / Bolesław Matuszewski=520

The Film Prayer (USA, c. 1920) / A. P. Hollis=523

The Film Society (UK, 1925) / Iris Barry=524

Filmliga Manifesto (The Netherlands, 1927) / Joris Ivens ; Henrik Scholte ; Men'no Ter Bbaak, et al.=525

Statement of Purposes (USA, 1948) / Amos Vogel [Cinema 16]=527

The Importance of Film Archives (UK, 1948) / Ernest Lindgren=529

A Plea for a Canadian Film Archive (Canada, 1949) / Hye Bossin=533

Open Letter to Film-Makers of the World (USA, 1966) / Jonas Mekas=534

A Declaration from the Committee for the Defense of La Cinémathèque française (France, 1968) / Committee for the Defense of La Cinémathèque française=539

Filmmakers versus the Museum of Modern Art (USA, 1969) / Hollis Frampton ; Ken Jacobs ; Michael Snow=540

Anthology Film Archives Manifesto (USA, 1970) / P. Adams Sitney=543

Toward an Ethnographic Film Archive (USA, 1971) / Alan Lomax=544

Brooklyn Babylon Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1998) / Scott Miller Berry ; Stephen Kent Jusick=555

Don't Throw Film Away : The FIAF 70th Anniversary Manifesto (France, 2008) / Hisashi Okajima ; La fédération internationale des archives du film Manifesto Working Group=556

The Lindgren Manifesto : The Film Curator of the Future (Italy, 2010) / Paolo Cherchi Usai=558

Film Festival Form : A Manifesto (UK, 2012) / Mark Cousins=559

9. SOUNDS AND SILENCE=565

A Statement on Sound (USSR, 1928) / Sergei Eisenstein ; Vsevolod Pudovkin ; Grigori Alexandrov=566

A Rejection of the Talkies (USA, 1931) / Charlie Chaplin=568

A Dialogue on Sound : A Manifesto (UK, 1934) / Basil Wright ; B. Vivian Braun=570

Amalfi Manifesto (Italy, 1967) / Michelangelo Antonioni ; Bernardo Bertolucci ; Pier Paolo Pasolini, et al.=572

10. THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION=575

Culture : Intercom and Expanded Cinema : A Proposal and Manifesto (USA, 1966) / Stan VanDerBeek=576

The Digital Revolution and the Future Cinema (Iran, 2000) / Samira Makhmalbaf=580

The Pluginmanifesto (UK, 2001) / Ana Kronschnabl=586

Digital Dekalogo : A Manifesto for a Filmless Philippines (The Philippines, 2003) / Khavn de la Cruz=588

11. AESTHETICS AND THE FUTURES OF THE CINEMA=593

The Birth of the Sixth Art (France, 1911) / Ricciotto Canudo=595

The Birth of a New Avant Garde : La caméra-stylo (France, 1948) / Alexandre Astruc=603

From Preface to Film (UK, 1954) / Raymond Williams=607

The Snakeskin (Sweden, 1965) / Ingmar Bergman=614

Manifesto (Italy, 1965) / Roberto Rossellini ; Bernardo Bertolucci ; Tinto Brass, et al.=616

Manifesto on the Release of La Chinoise (France, 1967) / Jean-Luc Godard=618

Direct Action Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1985) / Rob Nilsson=618

Remodernist Film Manifesto (USA, 2008) / Jesse Richards=619

The Age of Amateur Cinema Will Return (People's Republic of China, 2010) / Jia Zhangke=622

Appendix What Is a "Manifesto Film"?=625

Notes=629

Acknowledgments of Permissions=635

Index=641