1. The fall of Constantinople in 1453 as depicted by Panayiotis Zographos in the 1830s (National Historical Museum, Athens)=12

2. The Greek church of St George in Venice and the Phlanginion Phrontisterion in the seventeenth century. Source : Istoria tou Ellinikou ethnous, x (Athens : Ekdotiki Athinon, 1974)=16

3. Constantine XI Palaiologos as the 'Emperor turned into Marble' (Kungliga Biblioteket, Stockholm)=18

4. An eighteenth-century paper 'icon' depicting the monastery of St Paul on Mount Athos. Source : Dori Papastratou, Khartines eikones. Orthodoxa thriskeftika kharaktika 1665-1899 (Athens : Ekdoseis Papastratos, 1986)=22

5. Mikhail Soutsos, hospodar of Moldavia 1819-21. Source : Louis Dupré, Voyage à Athènes et à Constantinople (Paris : Dondey-Dupré, 1825)=24

6. A Greek sea captain on the eve of the war of independence. Source : S. A. Papadopoulos, ed., The Greek merchant marine (1453-1850) (Athens : National Bank of Greece, 1972)=26

7. The title-page, in Greek and Turkish, of the 1819 Constantinople edition of Aristotle's Physiognomonica (Oxford : Taylor Institution Library)=30

8. Letter of commendation of a 'priest' of the Philiki Etairia, 1819 (National Historical Museum, Athens)=34

9. The hanging by the Turks of the Ecumenical Patriarch Grigorios V in April 1821 (National Historical Museum, Athens)=36

10. The arrival of Lord Byron in Mesolongi in January 1824, as depicted by Theodoros Vryzakis. Source : Fani-Maria Tsigakou, Lord Byron in Greece (Athens : The British Council, 1987)=38

11. Nikitas the Turk-eater at the battle of Dervenakia, August 1822. Source : Peter von Hess, Die Befreiung Griechenlands in 39 Bildern (Munich : 1852-4)=40

12. The assassination of President Kapodistrias in Nafplion, October 1831 (Benaki Museum, Athens)=44

13. The Athenian café Oraia Ellas in the 1830s (National Historical Museum, Athens)=52

14. Hadji Oustas Iordanoglou of Cappadocia and his son Homer by Photis Kontoglou, 1927. Source : Nikos Zias, ed., Photis Kontoglou anadromiki ekthesi, 1986 (Thessaloniki : Makedoniko Kentro Synkhronis Tekhnis, 1986)=54

15. A portable icon of the 'neo-martyr' George the Younger (1838). Source : Kitsos Makris, Khioniadites zographoi. 65 laikoi zographoi apo to khorio Khioniades tis Ipeirou (Athens : Melissa, n.d.)=56

16. 'A very Greek coup'. The coup of 3 September 1843 in Athens (National Historical Museum, Athens)=58

17. The Greek volunteer legion at the siege of Sebastopol during the Crimean war (Benaki Museum, Athens)=60

18. A Daumier cartoon satirising Greece's indebtedness to the Great Powers. Source : S. V. Markezinis, Politiki istoria tis synkhronou Ellados. I a Elliniki dimokratia 1924-1935, III (Athens : Papyros, 1978)=64

19. The brigands responsible for the Dilessi murders in April 1870 (Benaki Museum, Athens)=66

20. The excavation of the Corinth canal in the 1880s (Benaki Museum, Athens)=68

21. The Greek representatives at the Congress of Berlin 1878. Source : Istoria tou Ellinikou ethnous, XIII (Athens : Ekdotiki Athinon, 1977)=70

22. Captain Vardas and a group of Makedonomakhoi c. 1904 (Greek Literary and Historical Archive, Athens)=72

23. A bar in Piraeus towards the end of the nineteenth century (Greek Literary and Historical Archive, Athens)=74

24. The Academy of Athens under construction in the 1880s (Benaki Museum, Athens)=76

25. Greek mercantile grandees in Alexandria in the 1880s. Source : P. A. Zannas, ed., Arkheio tis P. S. Delta, III, P. S. Delta protes enthymiseis (Athens : Ermis, 1981)=78

26. Panagis Koutalianos, the New Hercules, painted on the wall of the bakery in Velentza, near Volos by Theophilos (1910). Source : Maria Kynigou-Phlaboura, Theophilos. Malamatenios argaleios ki elephantenio kteni (Athens : Exantas, 1979)=80

27. 'The discreet charm of the Ottoman Greek bourgeoisie' : the Evgenidis/Zarifi wedding in 1905. Source : Mihail-Dimitri Sturdza, Dictionnaire historique et généalogique des grandes familles de Grèce, d'Albanie et de Constantinople (Paris : The Author, 1983)=82

28. A popular engraving depicting the liberation of Chios in November 1912 (National Historical Museum, Athens)=86

29. An election in Salonica in 1915. Source : Michael Llewellyn Smith, Ionian vision. Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-22 (London : Allen Lane, 1973)=88

30. The Greek Parthenagogeion, Ushak, Asia Minor 1921 (War Museum, Athens)=92

31. Refugees crowding the burning waterfront of Smyrna in September 1922 (War Museum, Athens)=94

32. The 'Trial of the Six', November 1922 (Greek Literary and Historical Archive, Athens)=100

33. (a) Anti- and (b) pro-Venizelos propaganda postcards. Source : S. V. Markezinis, Politiki istoria tis synkhronou Ellados I a Elliniki dimokratia 1924-1935, III (Athens : Papyros, 1978) ; (Greek Literary and Historical Archive, Athens)=102

34. Eleftherios Venizelos with his grandson (Greek Literary and Historical Archive, Athens)=108

35. A Greek wedding in Salt Lake City, Utah in 1921 (Utah State Historical Society)=110

36. The poet C. P. Cavafy at home in Alexandria (Photo K. Megalokonomou)=112

37. Venizelist officers on trial following the attempted coup of March 1935. Source : Istoria tou Ellinikou ethnous, xv (Athens : Ekdotiki Athinon, 1978)=114

38. General Ioannis Metaxas receiving the fascist salute (Greek Literary and Historical Archive, Athens)=116

39. A propaganda poster from the Albanian campaign, 1940. Source : Spyros Karakhristos, Ellinikes aphisses Greek posters (Athens : Kedros, 1984)=120

40. (a) A victim of the famine of the winter of 1941/2 ; (b) A well-stocked grocery in Athens in November 1944 (Benaki Museum, Athens : photo Dimitris Kharisiadis ; Life Picture Service : photo Dmitri Kessel)=124

41. Three women guerrillas, 1944. Source : Costas G. Couvaras, Photo album of the Greek resistance (San Francisco : Wire Press, 1978)=126

42. Four young Greek Jews, Salonica, February 1943 (Jewish Museum of Greece)=128

43. The Political Committee of National Liberation in 'Free Greece', 1944. Source : Spyros Meletzis, Me tous andartes sta vouna (Athens : 1976)=132

44. Winston Churchill with Archbishop Damaskinos of Athens, soon to be regent of Greece, Dec. 1944 (Imperial War Museum, London)=136

45. King Paul and Queen Frederica visit Makronisos prison camp, 1947 (Associated Press)=138

46. General James van Fleet cracking Easter eggs with General (later Marshal) Alexandros Papagos, 1949 (War Museum, Athens)=140

47. (a) Greek and Turkish troops fraternise on manoeuvres, 1953 ; (b) the Patriarch Athinagoras in the ruins of the church of the Panaghia Veligradiou, Istanbul, 1955 (National Archives and Records Service, Washington, DC ; Photo : D. Kaloumenos)=150

48. Archbishop Makarios of Cyprus with General Georgios Grivas and Nikos Sampson, 1959. Source : Stanley Mayes, Makarios : a biography (London : Macmillan, 1981)=154

49. Yannis Tsarouchis : Sailor in a pink background (1955). Source : Theophilos Kontoglou Ghika Tsarouchis. Four painters of 20th century Greece (London : Wildenstein, 1975)=156

50. The student occupation of the Athens Polytechnic, November 1973. Source : Giannis Phatsis, Polytekhneio '73. Exegersi. Katalipsi. Eisvoli (Athens : Kastanioti, 1985)=164

51. Andreas Papandreou being sworn in as prime minister in 1981 by Archbishop Serapheim of Arhens, in the presence of President Konstantinos Karamanlis (Greek Ministry of Press and Information)=184

52. Stelios Papathemelis, Nikolaos Martis, Bishop Ezekiel of Melbourne and the Australian prime minister, Bob Hawke, in Melbourne. Source : Makedoniki Zoi, April 1988=192

53. 'As you set out for Ithaca' : a Norwegian tourist in Greece (Associared Press : Thanassis Stavrakis)=202

54. 'Give us back our marbles' : Prince Charles and Evangelos Venizelos on the Acropolis in Athens, November 1998 (PA News : Louisa Gouliamaki)=210

55. (a) Turkish journalists replacing the Greek flag with the Turkish on the islet of Imia (Kardak), January 1996 ; (b) Confronting the past, Istanbul 2000 (Associated Press : Aykut Firat ; Photo : Richard Clogg)=221

56. The Orthodox Church Militant : demonstrators protesting against the removal of religious affiliation from identity cards, Athens, Summer 2000 (Associated Press : Thanassis Stavrakis)=236

57. Mending religious fences : Archbishop Khristodoulos and Pope John Paul II on the Areopagos (2001) (Eurokinissi)=241

58. 'Like father, like son, like grandson' : Georgios, Andreas and Giorgos Papandreou. © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/Corbis, Vladimir Rys/Stringer/Bethy Images, Greek Embassy, London=246

59. Firefighting in Attica (2009) (Eurokinissi)=247

60. Greece in crisis 'Greece is not for sale' (2012) (Eurokinissi)=254

61. 'Cutting out the middleman' (2012) (Eurokinissi)=255

62. Tanks preparing for the Ochi (No) Day parade in Thessaloniki in 2006 (Eurokinissi)=256

1. I kath'imas Anatoli : the Greek East=8

2. The expansion of the Greek state, 1832-1947=42

3. Relief map of Greece=62

4. The outcome of the Balkan wars, 1912-13=84

5. The geography of the National Schism : 'Old' and 'New' Greece in 1916/17=90

6. Greece in Asia Minor, 1919-22=96

7. The pattern of refugee settlement during the inter-war period=105

8. The German, Italian and Bulgarian zones of occupation in 1941=122

9. The Aegean dispute=172

10. Electoral and administrative districts=182